Protein metabolism investigation: clinical and experimental aspects

Os métodos de investigação do metabolismo protéico no homem, de uso clínico, incluem desde a avaliação da proteína ingerida até a determinação específica da capacidade de síntese protéica total. Na presente revisão, são discutidos aspectos práticos relacionados ao: teor protéico, digestibilidade e composição, em aminoácidos, de alimentos; excreção urinária de produtos nitrogenados; balanço nitrogenado; nível de aminoácidos plasmáticos; níveis de substâncias específicas, relacionadas ao metabolismo protéico, incluindo técnicas de biologia molecular; e, por fim, determinação da taxa corpórea de síntese protéica. O método a ser utilizado e/ou recomendado vai variar de acordo com as necessidades e objetivos específicos de cada situação clínica. A avaliação da ingestão protéica, sua correlação com o estado geral do paciente, bem como a forma de oferta, resultam em melhora da qualidade geral do atendimento médico, bem como beneficiam a própria recuperação do paciente.The clinical protein metabolism investigation is related to evaluation that ranges from a diet protein intake to muscle protein synthesis. This review paper intent to summarize the following protein metabolism aspects: protein intake; amino acid diet composition; nitrogen urine excretion and nitrogen balance; plasma levels of amino acids and proteins and whole body protein synthesis. The method may change according to specific objective. The nutritional patient evaluation, his protein intake, as well as protein nutritional support, plays a pivotal role on the patient recovery

Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults?

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance training to those of isolated aerobic training on blood pressure, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive older adults. METHOD: Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to the aerobic group, resistance and aerobic group, and control group. Before and after 10 weeks, the following data were obtained: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data, abdominal circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass, and insulin sensitivity. The study was conducted with 3 training sessions per week. RESULTS: Comparison revealed significant reductions in the body mass index, abdominal and waist circumferences, and ambulatory blood pressure (24-hour, wakefulness and sleep systolic/diastolic blood pressures) in both the aerobic group and the resistance and aerobic (combined) group. The fat mass only changed in the combined group. There was no difference in the insulin sensitivity in any group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment and aerobic treatment alone were equally effective in reducing the blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal and waist circumferences, although the addition of the resistance component also helped reduce the fat mass

Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults?

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance training to those of isolated aerobic training on blood pressure, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive older adults. METHOD: Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to the aerobic group, resistance and aerobic group, and control group. Before and after 10 weeks, the following data were obtained: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data, abdominal circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass, and insulin sensitivity. The study was conducted with 3 training sessions per week. RESULTS: Comparison revealed significant reductions in the body mass index, abdominal and waist circumferences, and ambulatory blood pressure (24-hour, wakefulness and sleep systolic/diastolic blood pressures) in both the aerobic group and the resistance and aerobic (combined) group. The fat mass only changed in the combined group. There was no difference in the insulin sensitivity in any group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment and aerobic treatment alone were equally effective in reducing the blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal and waist circumferences, although the addition of the resistance component also helped reduce the fat mass