看護系大学生における外国人保健医療サービス提供に関する認識: 日本と韓国の大学における調査から

Aim: This study was performed to examine associations between nursing students’ knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges and international exchange experience among Korean and Japanese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: An anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 Korean nursing students in April 2016, and 78 Japanese nursing students in August 2015; both groups were in their 4th year of study at a university. The questionnaire elicited responses related to knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges in Korea or Japan, likelihood of caring for foreign nationals as nurses, and experience related to international exchange. Results: A total of 183（ 91.5%） Korean students and 68（ 91.9%） Japanese students participated in this study. Among Korean students, 120（ 65.6%） reported being aware of foreign nationals’ medical health challenges, while only 23 （33.8%） Japanese participants gave this response. There were significant differences in knowledge and interest scores regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challengesaccording to experience of international exchange in both Korean and Japanese study participants （Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Korean study participants demonstrated recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses regardless of international exchange experience leve（l Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.841）, although international exchange experience level was significantly related to recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses among Japanese nursing students（ Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.030）. Conclusions: Korea and Japan have similar characteristics, such as homogenous and monoculture countries until recently. However, this study demonstrated differences in sensitivity and recognition regarding medical healthcare provision for foreign nationals among Korean and Japanese nursing students. It is necessary to assess the factors responsible for this difference, to prepare nursing students for medical healthcare provision in the global society.目的?本研究は，韓国と日本の看護系大学生における外国人保健医療の知識・関心と国際交流経験の関連を検討することを目的としている．方法?韓国から2016年4月に200人，日本から2015年8月に78人の日本人看護系大学生，いずれも4年生を対象に無記名自記式質問紙による調査が実施された．質問紙内容は，外国人保健医療の知識・関心，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚，国際交流経験について構成された．結果?韓国人学生183人（91.5％），日本人学生68人（91.9％）から有効回答を得た．韓国人学生中120人（65.6％）が外国人保健医療ニーズについて認識していたが，日本人学生では23人（33.8％）のみであった．両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療の知識・関心は，国際交流経験の豊富さと関連していた（マンホイットニーU test， P＝0.001，P＝0.003）．韓国人学生は，国際交流経験の豊富さに関係なく，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚をもっていたが（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.841），日本人学生では，国際交流経験の豊富さが将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に統計的有意に関連していた（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.030）．結論?韓国も日本も最近まで単一民族・文化の国であったという類似の特徴を持つが，本調査では両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療への感度や将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に違いが認められた．今後，グローバル社会における外国人保健医療に対応していくために，両国のこういった違いに影響する関連要因について詳細に検証する必要がある

The relationship between physical signs of aging and social functioning in persons with Down syndrome in Japan

Background: In Japan, there have been no substantial studies of social function and physical aging in adults with Down syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine social functions (movement, conversation, and daily living skills) and physical signs of aging in adults with Down syndrome in Japan, and to analyze the relationship between changes in social function and age.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of persons with Down syndrome who were 15 years of age or older (15-65 years old) was conducted. The survey was conducted in patients associations, institutes, group homes, and workplaces from July to December 2009. Primary caregivers, such as family members and institute staff, were asked to complete a questionnaire on the subjects’ living situation, movement ability, conversational skills, daily living skills, and 10 characteristics of physical aging at the time of the survey.Results: The total number of subjects was 315. Subjects’ movement ability, conversational ability, and daily living skills declined as a function of age. Canities (40.6%) were the most prevalent physical sign of aging, followed by missing teeth, hump back, and skin wrinkling. Further, physical aging was related to a decline in social functions (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that adults with Down syndrome exhibit signs of physical aging earlier than do the general population, and that physical aging is associated with social functioning. Thus, the appearance of physical aging might indicate a decline in social functioning

Endogenous oxytocin levels in extracted saliva elevates during breastfeeding correlated with lower postpartum anxiety in primiparous mothers

Background: Breastfeeding in the early postpartum period is expected to have mental benefits for mothers; however, the underlying sychobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, we hypothesized that the release of oxytocin in response to the suckling stimuli during breastfeeding would mediate a calming effect on primiparous mothers, and we examined salivary oxytocin measurements in primiparous mothers at postpartum day 4 using saliva samples without extraction, which was erroneous. Thus, further confirmation of this hypothesis with a precise methodology was needed.Methods: We collected saliva samples at three time points (baseline, feeding, and post-feeding) to measure oxytocin in 24 primiparous mothers on postpartum day 2 (PD2) and 4 (PD4) across the breastfeeding cycle. Salivary oxytocin levels using both extracted and unextracted methods were measured and compared to determine the qualitative differences. State and trait anxiety and clinical demographics were evaluated to determine their association with oxytocin changes.Results: Breastfeeding elevated salivary oxytocin levels; however, it was not detected to a significant increase in the extraction method at PD4. We found a weak but significant positive correlation between changes in extracted and unextracted oxytocin levels during breastfeeding (feeding minus baseline); there were no other significant positive correlations. Therefore, we used the extracted measurement index for subsequent analysis. We showed that the greater the increase in oxytocin during breastfeeding, the lower the state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Mothers who exclusively breastfed at the 1-month follow-up tended to be associated with slightly higher oxytocin change at PD2 than those who did not.Conclusions: Breastfeeding in early postpartum days could be accompanied by the frequent release of oxytocin and lower state anxiety, potentially contributing to exclusive breastfeeding

看護系大学生における外国人保健医療サービス提供に関する認識: 日本と韓国の大学における調査から

Aim: This study was performed to examine associations between nursing students’ knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges and international exchange experience among Korean and Japanese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: An anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 Korean nursing students in April 2016, and 78 Japanese nursing students in August 2015; both groups were in their 4th year of study at a university. The questionnaire elicited responses related to knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges in Korea or Japan, likelihood of caring for foreign nationals as nurses, and experience related to international exchange. Results: A total of 183（ 91.5%） Korean students and 68（ 91.9%） Japanese students participated in this study. Among Korean students, 120（ 65.6%） reported being aware of foreign nationals’ medical health challenges, while only 23 （33.8%） Japanese participants gave this response. There were significant differences in knowledge and interest scores regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges according to experience of international exchange in both Korean and Japanese study participants （Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Korean study participants demonstrated recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses regardless of international exchange experience leve（l Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.841）, although international exchange experience level was significantly related to recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses among Japanese nursing students（ Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.030）. Conclusions: Korea and Japan have similar characteristics, such as homogenous and monoculture countries until recently. However, this study demonstrated differences in sensitivity and recognition regarding medical healthcare provision for foreign nationals among Korean and Japanese nursing students. It is necessary to assess the factors responsible for this difference, to prepare nursing students for medical healthcare provision in the global society.目的︰本研究は，韓国と日本の看護系大学生における外国人保健医療の知識・関心と国際交流経験の関連を検討することを目的としている．方法︰韓国から2016年4月に200人，日本から2015年8月に78人の日本人看護系大学生，いずれも4年生を対象に無記名自記式質問紙による調査が実施された．質問紙内容は，外国人保健医療の知識・関心，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚，国際交流経験について構成された．結果︰韓国人学生183人（91.5％），日本人学生68人（91.9％）から有効回答を得た．韓国人学生中120人（65.6％）が外国人保健医療ニーズについて認識していたが，日本人学生では23人（33.8％）のみであった．両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療の知識・関心は，国際交流経験の豊富さと関連していた（マンホ イットニーU test， P＝0.001，P＝0.003）．韓国人学生は，国際交流経験の豊富さに関係なく，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚をもっていたが（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.841），日本人学生では，国際交流経験の豊富さが将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に統計的有意に関連していた（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.030）．結論︰韓国も日本も最近まで単一民族・文化の国であったという類似の特徴を持つが，本調査では両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療への感度や将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に違いが認められた．今後，グローバル社会における外国人保健医療に対応していくために，両国のこういった違いに影響する関連要因について詳細に検証する必要がある

Efficacy of a Group Psychoeducation Program Focusing on the Attitudes towards Medication of Children and Adolescents with ADHD and their Parents: a pilot study

Introduction: The Group Psychoeducation Program focuses on improving the attitudes towards medication of parents and their children/adolescents (G-PAM) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Aim: We evaluated the program’s effectiveness at improving children’s attitudes and identified what aspects required improvement. Method: This non-randomized, pragmatic evaluation had a comparative before-after design. The G-PAM comprised five 90-minute sessions. We assessed knowledge of psychopharmacology and employed several instruments including the Southampton ADHD Medication Behavior and Attitude Scale (SAMBA), Child Adherence Questionnaire (CAQ), and a Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, among others. Results: The intervention group consisted of 15 families (17 children) who participated in the program in 3 groups. The control group consisted of 24 families (24 children). Children in the intervention group showed improved treatment knowledge, a decreased SAMBA score for ‘resistance to medication’, and an increased CAQ score for ‘attitude toward medication’. Parents showed an increased SAMBA score for ‘perceived psychosocial benefits of medication’. Both children and parents reported high satisfaction levels. Discussion: The current psychoeducation program provides a new approach to improve the attitudes and behaviors towards medication of children/adolescents with ADHD and their parents in clinical settings

The relationship between physical signs of aging and social functioning in persons with Down syndrome in Japan

Background: In Japan, there have been no substantial studies of social function and physical aging in adults with Down syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine social functions (movement, conversation, and daily living skills) and physical signs of aging in adults with Down syndrome in Japan, and to analyze the relationship between changes in social function and age. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of persons with Down syndrome who were 15 years of age or older (15-65 years old) was conducted. The survey was conducted in patients associations, institutes, group homes, and workplaces from July to December 2009. Primary caregivers, such as family members and institute staff, were asked to complete a questionnaire on the subjects’ living situation, movement ability, conversational skills, daily living skills, and 10 characteristics of physical aging at the time of the survey. Results: The total number of subjects was 315. Subjects’ movement ability, conversational ability, and daily living skills declined as a function of age. Canities (40.6%) were the most prevalent physical sign of aging, followed by missing teeth, hump back, and skin wrinkling. Further, physical aging was related to a decline in social functions (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that adults with Down syndrome exhibit signs of physical aging earlier than do the general population, and that physical aging is associated with social functioning. Thus, the appearance of physical aging might indicate a decline in social functioning