Prioritizing occupational safety and health indexes based on the multi criteria decision making in construction industries

Background and aims: Critical infrastructures are the most important sectors in nation security, public safety, socioeconomic security and environment in the world. Such incidents make people, environment and industries harmed. The occurrence of accidents is common in the basic infrastructure of all countries in the world. Building industry is inherently facing many problems and ambiguities. Events' rate of construction industry and other industries in Iran is higher than other parts of the world. The aim of this research is prioritization of indicators of health and safety in the small and large construction industry. Methods: Indexes are considered as the main body of the risk management system for all areas of activity. At first, the indicators were selected by experts from a list of detailed performance indicators, Then, these indicators according to key indicators of evaluating the performance of health and safety in the construction industry were weighted and finally ranked and modeled with the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic Timeable) criteria, using fuzzy TOPSIS method. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of fuzzy-TOPSIS based on determining the priority of safety-health indicators in both small and large groups of buildings, represented a different range of the 28-fold indicators priority. Safety of adjacent structures and using of PPE in small buildings up to six floors, had the high close rate, while the noise, safety scaffolding, excavation and trucks for reasons of height and vertical spread of structures in the large and over 6 floors buildings had the important priorities. Conclusion: Prioritizing safety and health indicators based on Fuzzy TOPSIS method with SMART criteria can be applied as a method of professionals' health assessment in the engineering field

Prioritizing occupational safety and health indexes based on the multi criteria decision making in construction industries

Background and aims: Critical infrastructures are the most important sectors in nation security, public safety, socioeconomic security and environment in the world. Such incidents make people, environment and industries harmed. The occurrence of accidents is common in the basic infrastructure of all countries in the world. Building industry is inherently facing many problems and ambiguities. Events' rate of construction industry and other industries in Iran is higher than other parts of the world. The aim of this research is prioritization of indicators of health and safety in the small and large construction industry. Methods: Indexes are considered as the main body of the risk management system for all areas of activity. At first, the indicators were selected by experts from a list of detailed performance indicators, Then, these indicators according to key indicators of evaluating the performance of health and safety in the construction industry were weighted and finally ranked and modeled with the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic Timeable) criteria, using fuzzy TOPSIS method. Results: The results obtained from the analysis of fuzzy-TOPSIS based on determining the priority of safety-health indicators in both small and large groups of buildings, represented a different range of the 28-fold indicators priority. Safety of adjacent structures and using of PPE in small buildings up to six floors, had the high close rate, while the noise, safety scaffolding, excavation and trucks for reasons of height and vertical spread of structures in the large and over 6 floors buildings had the important priorities. Conclusion: Prioritizing safety and health indicators based on Fuzzy TOPSIS method with SMART criteria can be applied as a method of professionals' health assessment in the engineering field

An amorphous silicon photodiode array for glass-based optical MEMS application

A highly sensitive photo-detector array deposited on a glass substrate with an optional integrated optical filter have been presented. The active element is a vertically integrated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode featuring a dark current of less than 1e-10 A/cm2 for -3V polarization and a maximal quantum efficiency of 80% near 580 nm. The prototype was encapsulated and successfully tested optically. It has a fill factor of only 44% which, however, can be easily increased to 90% using flip-chip bonding to an integrated electronic circuit for signal conditioning. The sensor is biocompatible and can be integrated with other glass-based and glass compatible micro-fabricated devices such as optical, microfluidic, lab-on-a-chip, chemical and biological devices in which photo-detection is a desired feature. ©2009 IEEE

Heat treatment of cold-sprayed C355 Al for repair: microstructure and mechanical properties

Cold gas dynamic spraying of commercially pure aluminum is widely used for dimensional repair in the aerospace sector as it is capable of producing oxide-free deposits of hundreds of micrometer thickness with strong bonding to the substrate, based on adhesive pull-off tests, and often with enhanced hardness compared to the powder prior to spraying. There is significant interest in extending this application to structural, load-bearing repairs. Particularly, in the case of high-strength aluminum alloys, cold spray deposits can exhibit high levels of porosity and microcracks, leading to mechanical properties that are inadequate for most load-bearing applications. Here, heat treatment was investigated as a potential means of improving the properties of cold-sprayed coatings from Al alloy C355. Coatings produced with process conditions of 500 °C and 60 bar were heat-treated at 175, 200, 225, 250 °C for 4 h in air, and the evolution of the microstructure and microhardness was analyzed. Heat treatment at 225 and 250 °C revealed a decreased porosity (~ 0.14% and 0.02%, respectively) with the former yielding slightly reduced hardness (105 versus 130 HV0.05 as-sprayed). Compressive residual stress levels were approximately halved at all depths into the coating after heat treatment, and tensile testing showed an improvement in ductility

Health, safety and environmental risk management in laboratory fields

Background: Research project risks are uncertain contingent events or situations that, if transpire, will have positive or negative effects on objectives of a project. The Management of Health and Safety at Work (MHSW) Regulations 1999 require all employers and the self-employed persons to assess the risks from their work on anyone who may be affected by their activities. Risk assessment is the first step in risk-management procedure, and due to its importance, it has been deemed to be a vital process while having a unique place in the researchbased management systems. Methods: In this research, a two-pronged study was carried out. Firstly, health and safety issues were studied and analyzed by means of ISO 14121. Secondly, environmental issues were examined with the aid of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. Both processes were utilized to determine the risk level independently for each research laboratory and corrective measure priorities in each field (laboratory). Results: Data analysis showed that the total main and inherent risks in laboratory sites reduced by 38 to 86. Upon comparing the average risk levels before and after implementing the control and protective actions utilizing risk management approaches which were separate from health, safety and environmental aspects, a highly effective significance (p < 0.001) was obtained for inherent risk reduction. Analysis of health, safety and environmental control priorities with the purpose of comparing the ratio of the number of engineering measures to the amount of management ones showed a relatively significant increase. Conclusion: The large number of engineering measures was attributed to the employment of a variety of timeworn machinery (old technologies) along with using devices without basic protection components

A study of abrasive jet micro-grooving of quartz crystals

10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.443.645Key Engineering Materials443645-651KEMA

Evaluation of correlation between emission of sulfur oxides and sulfuric acid mists and workers personal exposure in a petrochemical complex

Background and Aim   The oxides of sulphur are among those chemical substances that are increasingly used and their consumption is even growing in different places everyday. Sulphuroxides are used in chemical industries, paper manufacturing, printing rollers, recovering burned (consumed) coal, supplying and producing sulphuric acid, and in bleaching liquids. Determination and evaluation of the accumulation rate of sulphor oxides and sulphoric acid mists through personal breathing zone, and sources emission from occupational areas of the petrochemical complex.  &nbsp;  Methods   Sampling (NO=32) was done from the working places and ambient using ASTM D4490 method for the measurement of source pollutants and the standard method of NIOSH.  Appendix VIII for pollutants measurement of the breathing zone. Measurement and evaluation of the samples from the occupational areas were performed during the two working shifts (morning and the afternoon) at the ground floor and the first floor of the building.  &nbsp;  Results   The average concentrations for sulphur dioxides at the ground floor over the working   time of both shifts (in the morning and in the afternoon) were 0.011 PPM and 0. 015PPM,  respectively. In addition, the average concentrations for the same shifts at the first floor of the   building were 0.019PPM and 0.014PPM, respectively. The average concentrations of sulphuric acid mists at the ground floor for the morning and afternoon shifts were 0.36 mg/m 3 and 1.47 mg/m 3 and at the first floor they were 0.66 mg/m 3 and 1.35 mg/m 3 ,respectively. The results of measurements for sulphur dioxides gas revealed that contact with this gas in the Units of 300 and 600 was less than the permitted limit from NIOSH for the exposed workers to permissible exposure limit contacts (PEL TWA= 2PPM). Further, the rate of working contact had a significant correlation with each of the indicators of both shifts and the place where this contact accured (P<0.001).The measurement results of sulphoric acid mists also revealed that the rate of contact with the mists for the workers being exposed to the gas in the Units of 300 and 600 in the morning shift was less and in the afternoon shift was more than the permissible limit from NIOSH (PEL TWA= 1 mg/m 3 ) . In addition, the rate of working contact with sulphoric acid mists in terms of the working time and place showed a significant correlation (P<0.001).  &nbsp;  Conclusion   It is concluded that the assumption &quot; the amount of sulphur dioxides is beyond PEL in the breathing zone of workers &quot;is disproved; and also the assumption that&quot; the rate of sulphuric acid mist concentration is more than the permissible limit in the workers breathing zone in the afternoon shift is confirmed while in the morning shift is disprove