In vitro evaluation of marketed antimalarial chloroquine phosphate tablets

Background & objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate the physicochemicalequivalence of seven brands of tablets containing chloroquine phosphate, an antimalarial purchasedfrom different retail pharmacy outlets.Methods: The quality and physicochemical equivalence of seven different brands of chloroquinephosphate tablets were assessed. The assessment included the evaluation of uniformity of weight,friability, crushing strength, disintegration and dissolution tests as well as chemical assay of thetablets.Results: All the seven brands of the tablets passed the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards foruniformity of weight, disintegration and crushing strength. One of seven brands failed the friabilitytest. One of the brands did not comply with the standard assay of content of active ingredients.Dissolution test passes the pharmacopoeial standards for chloroquine phosphate tablets. There wereno significant differences in the amounts of chloroquine phosphate released from the different brands.Interpretation & conclusion: Out of the seven brands of anti-malarial chloroquine phosphate tabletsonly one brand fails to meet BP quality specifications which shows constant market monitoring ofnew products to ascertain their equivalency to pharmacopoeial standards

Peculiar behavior of the electrical resistivity of MnSi at the ferromagnetic phase transition

The electrical resistivity of a single crystal of MnSi was measured across its ferromagnetic phase transition line at ambient and high pressures. Sharp peaks of the temperature coefficient of resistivity characterize the transition line. Analysis of these data shows that at pressures to ~0.35 GPa these peaks have fine structure, revealing a shoulder at ~ 0.5 K above the peak. It is symptomatic that this structure disappears at pressures higher than ~0.35 GPa, which was identified earlier as a tricritical poin

Affective context interferes with cognitive control in unipolar depression: An fMRI investigation

Unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by aberrant amygdala responses to sad stimuli and poor cognitive control, but the interactive effects of these impairments are poorly understood

KARAKTERISASITIGA LOKUSMIKROSATELITPADATELURDANLARVATUNASIRIP KUNING, Thunnus albacares = CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE MICROSATELLITE LOCI OF YELLOW FIN TUNA, Thunnus albacares EGGS AND LARVAE

Characterization of three microsatellite loci are able to provide information about genetic variation or polymorphism of yellow fin tuna eggs and larvae produced by domestication of broodstock. Thirty samples of eggs and larvae were collected from different spawning day and analyzed. Amplification of those three loci were carried out with multiflexing technique and electrophoreted ASI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer sequencer. From those three loci were used (Ttho-1, Ttho-4 and Ttho-7) showed that locus Ttho-7 had higher genetic variance (0.720-1.212) compared to other loci. Based on the result, it can be concluded that high allele frequency as showed at Ttho-7 could be used as marker for a parental anal

Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive Symptoms in Women: a Pilot Functional Brain Imaging Study

Background Studies of individuals who do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) but with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms may aid in the identification of neurofunctional abnormalities that possibly precede and predict the development of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relations between subclinical levels of depressive symptoms and neural activation patterns during tasks previously shown to differentiate individuals with and without MDD. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess neural activations during active emotion regulation, a resting state scan, and reward processing. Participants were twelve females with a range of depressive symptoms who did not meet criteria for MDD. Results Increased depressive symptom severity predicted (1) decreased left midfrontal gyrus activation during reappraisal of sad stimuli; (2) increased right midfrontal gyrus activation during distraction from sad stimuli; (3) increased functional connectivity between a precuneus seed region and left orbitofrontal cortex during a resting state scan; and (4) increased paracingulate activation during non-win outcomes during a reward-processing task. Conclusions These pilot data shed light on relations between subclinical levels of depressive symptoms in the absence of a formal MDD diagnosis and neural activation patterns. Future studies will be needed to test the utility of these activation patterns for predicting MDD onset in at-risk samples

The Effects of Psychotherapy on Neural Responses to Rewards in Major Depression

Unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by anomalous neurobiological responses to pleasant stimuli, a pattern that may be linked to symptoms of anhedonia. However, the potential for psychotherapy to normalize neurobiological responses to pleasant stimuli has not been evaluated

Spin-Charge Separation in the t−Jt-J Model: Magnetic and Transport Anomalies

A real spin-charge separation scheme is found based on a saddle-point state of the $t-J$ model. In the one-dimensional (1D) case, such a saddle-point reproduces the correct asymptotic correlations at the strong-coupling fixed-point of the model. In the two-dimensional (2D) case, the transverse gauge field confining spinon and holon is shown to be gapped at {\em finite doping} so that a spin-charge deconfinement is obtained for its first time in 2D. The gap in the gauge fluctuation disappears at half-filling limit, where a long-range antiferromagnetic order is recovered at zero temperature and spinons become confined. The most interesting features of spin dynamics and transport are exhibited at finite doping where exotic {\em residual} couplings between spin and charge degrees of freedom lead to systematic anomalies with regard to a Fermi-liquid system. In spin dynamics, a commensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuation with a small, doping-dependent energy scale is found, which is characterized in momentum space by a Gaussian peak at ($\pi/a$, $\pi/a$) with a doping-dependent width ($\propto \sqrt{\delta}$, $\delta$ is the doping concentration). This commensurate magnetic fluctuation contributes a non-Korringa behavior for the NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate. There also exits a characteristic temperature scale below which a pseudogap behavior appears in the spin dynamics. Furthermore, an incommensurate magnetic fluctuation is also obtained at a {\em finite} energy regime. In transport, a strong short-range phase interference leads to an effective holon Lagrangian which can give rise to a series of interesting phenomena including linear-$T$ resistivity and $T^2$ Hall-angle. We discuss the striking similarities of these theoretical features with those found in the high-$T_c$ cuprates and give aComment: 70 pages, RevTex, hard copies of 7 figures available upon request; minor revisions in the text and references have been made; To be published in July 1 issue of Phys. Rev. B52, (1995

Rime length, stress, and association domains

Every regular Chinese syllable has a syllable tone (the tone we get when the syllable is read in isolation). In some Chinese languages, the tonal pattern of a multisyllabic expression is basically a concatenation of the syllable tones. In other Chinese languages, the tonal pattern of a multisyllabic expression is determined solely by the initial syllable. I call the former M -languages (represented by Mandarin) and the latter S -languages (represented by Shanghai). I argue that there is an additional difference in rime structures between the two language groups. In S-languages, all rimes are simple, i.e., there are no underlying diphthongs or codas. In M-languages, all regular rimes are heavy. I further argue that a syllable keeps its underlying tones only if it has stress. Independent metrical evidence tells us that heavy rimes may carry inherent stress. Thus, in M-languages, all regular syllables are stressed and retain their underlying tones (which may or may not undergo further changes). In contrast, in S-languages, regular rimes do not carry inherent stress; instead, only those syllables that are assigned stress by rule can keep their underlying tones and hence head a multisyllabic tonal domain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42998/1/10831_2005_Article_BF01440582.pd

Karakterisasi Tiga Lokus Mikrosatelit pada Telur dan Larva Tuna Sirip Kuning, Thunnus albacares

Characterization of three microsatellite loci are able to provide information about genetic variation or polymorphism of yellow fin tuna eggs and larvae produced by domestication of broodstock. Thirty samples of eggs and larvae were collected from different spawning day and analyzed. Amplification of those three loci were carried out with multiflexing technique and electrophoreted ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer sequencer. From those three loci were used (Ttho-1, Ttho-4 and Ttho-7) showed that locus Ttho-7 had higher genetic variance (0.720-1.212) compared to others loci. Based on the result, it can be concluded that high allele frequency as showed at Ttho-7 could be used as marker for  parental analysis