ニッケラサイクルを介した位置および立体選択的多成分連結反応に関する研究

長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(工)甲第7号 学位授与年月日:平成26年11月19日Nagasaki University (長崎大学)課程博

Brain Alterations and Mini-Mental State Examination in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Voxel-Based Investigations Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to compare differences in morphological and functional changes in brain regions in individual patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and correlate their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score with anatomy and function using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Methods: Sixteen PSP patients and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers underwent FDG-PET and 3-dimensional MRI. Gray matter, white matter and metabolic activity were compared between patients and normal controls. In addition, possible correlations between the MMSE score and brain function/anatomy were examined. Results: The PSP group had reduced cerebral glucose metabolism, and lower gray and white matter volumes in the frontal lobes and midbrain compared with normal controls. In PSP subjects, the metabolic changes observed in the PET scans were greater than the loss in gray and white matter observed in the MRI scans. The MMSE scores were positively correlated with volume and FDG uptake in the frontal lobe. Conclusion: FDG-PET is a more effective tool in the diagnosis of PSP than MRI. Atrophy and hypometabolism in the frontal lobe are as important as in the basal midbrain for differentiating PSP patients who primarily exhibit cognitive dysfunction from normal controls

Decarboxylative C-C Bond Cleavage Reactions via Oxapalladacycles

In the presence of Pd(0) catalyst and triethylborane, 3-hydroxy-4-pentenoic acids undergo C-C bond cleavage reactions via oxapalladacyclopentanones to provide conjugated dienes with evolution of carbon dioxide

Ni-Catalyzed Homoallylation of Polyhydroxy N,O-Acetals with Conjugated Dienes Promoted by Triethylborane

In the presence of Ni-catalyst and triethylborane, N,O- Acetals prepared from glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde with primary amines in situ underwent homoallylation with conjugated dienes to provide 2- Amino-5-hexenols in high regio- And stereoselectivity. Under similar reaction conditions, N,O- Acetals from carbohydrates with primary amines provided the corresponding polyhydroxy-bishomoallylamines in good to reasonable yields

Survey on the Family of the Recursive-Rule Extraction Algorithm

In this paper, we first review the theoretical and historical backgrounds on rule extraction from neural network ensembles. Because the structures of previous neural network ensembles were quite complicated, research on an efficient rule extraction algorithm from neural network ensembles has been sparse, even though a practical need exists for rule extraction in Big Data datasets. We describe the Recursive-Rule extraction (Re-RX) algorithm, which is an important step toward handling large datasets. Then we survey the family of the Recursive-Rule extraction algorithm, i.e. the Multiple-MLP Ensemble Re-RX algorithm, and present concrete applications in financial and medical domains that require extremely high accuracy for classification rules. Finally, we mention two promising ideas to considerably enhance the accuracy of the Multiple-MLP Ensemble Re-RX algorithm. We also discuss developments in the near future that will make the Multiple-MLP Ensemble Re-RX algorithm much more accurate, concise, and comprehensible rule extraction from mixed datasets

In Vivo Diagnostic Imaging Using Micro-CT: Sequential and Comparative Evaluation of Rodent Models for Hepatic/Brain Ischemia and Stroke

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing need for animal disease models for pathophysiological research and efficient drug screening. However, one of the technical barriers to the effective use of the models is the difficulty of non-invasive and sequential monitoring of the same animals. Micro-CT is a powerful tool for serial diagnostic imaging of animal models. However, soft tissue contrast resolution, particularly in the brain, is insufficient for detailed analysis, unlike the current applications of CT in the clinical arena. We address the soft tissue contrast resolution issue in this report. METHODOLOGY: We performed contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) on mouse models of experimental cerebral infarction and hepatic ischemia. Pathological changes in each lesion were quantified for two weeks by measuring the lesion volume or the ratio of high attenuation area (%HAA), indicative of increased vascular permeability. We also compared brain images of stroke rats and ischemic mice acquired with micro-CT to those acquired with 11.7-T micro-MRI. Histopathological analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis by CECT. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the models of cerebral infarction, vascular permeability was increased from three days through one week after surgical initiation, which was also confirmed by Evans blue dye leakage. Measurement of volume and %HAA of the liver lesions demonstrated differences in the recovery process between mice with distinct genetic backgrounds. Comparison of CT and MR images acquired from the same stroke rats or ischemic mice indicated that accuracy of volumetric measurement, as well as spatial and contrast resolutions of CT images, was comparable to that obtained with MRI. The imaging results were also consistent with the histological data. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the CECT scanning method is useful in rodents for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of pathologic lesions in tissues/organs including the brain, and is also suitable for longitudinal observation of the same animals

Subcutaneous Thyroid Tissue Implantation after Thyroidectomy: A Mimic of Benign Cutaneous Tumours

Abstract is missing (Short communication

Quinoidal Naphtho[1,2‑<i>b</i>:5,6‑<i>b</i>′]dithiophenes for Solution-Processed n‑Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistors

A series of new quinoidal naphtho­di­thio­phenes, 2,7-bis­(α,α-di­cyano­methylene)-2,7-di­hydro­naphtho­[1,2-<i>b</i>:5,6-<i>b</i>′]­di­thio­phenes, in which all the four fused aromatic rings are incorporated into the quinoidal system, were synthesized and evaluated as an n-channel organic semiconductor. Solution-processed field-effect transistors exhibited typical n-channel transistor characteristics with the mobility as high as 0.1 cm² V^–1 s^–1, which is higher by more than 1 order of magnitude than those reported for isomeric quinoidal naphtho­di­thio­phenes having a naphtho­quinoidal structure