Herbal Wisdom: memory and migration

Within contemporary Western herbal medicine, traditional knowledge and modern science are combined to provide a unique meeting of patient, practitioner and plant. In the Australian context, herbalists have based their practice on knowledge which originates from the traditions of Europe, and has more recently been influenced by traditional medicine from Asia. The combination of these diverse ways of knowing—traditional and modern, Eastern and Western—means herbal practitioners are influenced by ancient philosophy alongside phytochemistry and biomedical sciences. The challenge for herbal medicine today is that faced by all living (as opposed to ossified) traditions: how is a practice forged which retains what is valuable from the past while establishing relevance to the 21st century? We illustrate these issues in the context of the conference theme of ‘food for thought’ and consider medicinal plants which are used for the improvement of cognition. We focus on the therapeutic use of common herbs from the Eastern and Western traditions and present the scientific research which shows their ability to facilitate cognitive function and the laying down of memory. We also tell their traditional stories which indicate that these actions have been recognised and utilised for centuries. We go on to demonstrate, via case studies, the clinical application of this knowledge and in particular the importance of ancient practice of synergistic prescribing which occurs when a number of herbs are prescribed together in a formula. Scientific understanding of the basis of this practice is being developed which further complements and validates traditional herbal wisdom

Development of a scale to assess individual differences in children's trust-value basis of friendship / Cathy J. Morgan.

Rotenberg (1986, 1991) has shown that children acquire a "trustvalue" basis of friendship, whereby friendship is a function of how much a child believes a peer will keep secrets, promises and tell the truth. The purpose of the present study is to examine the notion advanced by Rotenberg (1991) that there may be individual differences in the importance children assign to the trust-value basis of friendship. This was accomplished by constructing a scale (Rotenberg-Morgan Trust- Value Friendship Questionnaire) for the measurement of individual differences for two related but distinct aspects of children’s friendships: (a) friendship preferences and (b) actual friendships. The study was also designed to assess the reliability and validity of this scale. One hundred and thirty children (70 girls and 60 boys) from fifth and sixth grade were obtained through parental consent to participate in the study. The children were administered three questionnaires: (1) Rotenberg-Morgan Trust-Value Friendship Questionnaire, (2) Chumship Checklist, and (3) a Values of Friendship Scale. The latter two questionnaires served as validity measures for the scale developed. Approximately one month later, a subsample of children (103) were given the Rotenberg-Morgan Trust-Value Friendship Questionnaire as a measure of test-retest reliability. Factor analysis of the Rotenberg- Morgan Trust-Value Friendship Questionnaire for the first testing yielded three factors for both friendship preferences and actual friendships: (a) trust confirming, (b) trust violating and (c) school trust. Analysis of the second testing yielded highly similar factors having acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency with the exception of school trust for friendship preferences. In support of the validity of the scale, school trust for friendship preferences and trust confirming for actual friendships correlated positively with the Chumship Checklist and trust confirming for actual friendships correlated positively with dependability

Photocatalytic reactors for environmental remediation: a review.

Research in the field of photocatalytic reactors in the past three decades has been an area of extensive and diverse activity with an extensive range of suspended and fixed film photocatalyst configurations being reported. The key considerations for photocatalytic reactors, however, remain the same; effective mass transfer of pollutants to the photocatalyst surface and effective deployments and illumination of the photocatalyst. Photocatalytic reactors have the potential versatility to be applied to the remediation of a range of water and gaseous effluents. Furthermore they have also been applied to the treatment of potable waters. The scale-up of photocatalytic reactors for waste and potable water treatment plants has also been demonstrated. Systems for the reduction of carbon dioxide to fuel products have also been reported. This paper considers the main photocatalytic reactor configurations that have been reported to date

Development of a doped titania immobilised thin film multi tubular photoreactor.

This paper describes a novel doped titania immobilised thin film multi tubular photoreactor which has been developed for use with liquid, vapour or gas phase media. In designing photocatalytic reactors measuring active surface area of photocatalyst within the unit is one of the critical design parameters. This dictate greatly limits the applicability of any semi-conductor photocatalyst in industrial applications, as a large surface area equates to a powder catalyst. This demonstration of a thin film coating, doped with a rare earth element, novel photoreactor design produces a photocatalytic degradation of a model pollutant (methyl orange) which displayed a comparable degradation achieved with P25 TiO2. The use of lanthanide doping is reported here in the titania sol gel as it is thought to increase the electron hole separation therefore widening the potential useful wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum. Increasing doping from 0.5% to 1.0% increased photocatalytic degradation by ∼17% under visible irradiation. A linear relationship has been seen between increasing reactor volume and degradation which would not normally be observed in a typical suspended reactor system

Tobacco Use: Prevention, Cessation, and Control

Practice Center (RTI-UNC EPC) systematically reviewed the evidence on (a) the effectiveness of community- and population-based interventions to prevent tobacco use and to increase consumer demand for and implementation of effective cessation interventions; (b) the impacts of smokeless tobacco marketing on smoking, use of those products, and population harm; and (c) the directions for future research. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Applied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane libraries, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Psychological Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts from January 1980 through June 10, 2005. We included English-language randomized controlled trials, other trials, and observational studies, with sample size and followup restrictions. We used 15 Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews, 5 prior systematic reviews, and 2 meta-analyses as the foundation for this report. Review Methods: Trained reviewers abstracted detailed data from included articles into evidence tables and completed quality assessments; other senior reviewers confirmed accuracy and resolved disagreements. Results: We identified 1,288 unique abstracts; 642 did not meet inclusion criteria, 156 overlapped with prior reviews, and 2 were not published articles. Of 488 full-text articles retrieved and reviewed, we excluded 298 for several reasons, marked 88 as background, and retained 102. Evidence (consistent with previous reviews) showed that (a) school-based prevention interventions have short-term (but not long-term) effects on adolescents; (b) multicomponent approaches, including telephone counseling, increase the number of users who attempt to quit; (c) self-help strategies alone are ineffective, but counseling and pharmacotherapy used either alone or in combination can improve success rates of quit attempts; and (d) provide training and academic detailing improve provider delivery of cessation treatments, but evidence is insufficient to show that these approaches yield higher quit rates. Recent evidence on the following topics was insufficient to change prior review findings: (a) effectiveness of population-based prevention interventions; (b) effectiveness of providerbased interventions to reduce tobacco initiation; (c) effectiveness of community- and providerbased interventions to increase use of proven cessation strategies; (d) effectiveness of marketing campaigns to switch tobacco users from smoking to smokeless tobacco products; and (e) effectiveness of interventions in populations with comorbidities and risk behaviors (e.g., depression, substance and alcohol abuse). No evidence was available on the way in which smokeless tobacco product marketing affects population harm. Conclusions: The evidence base has notable gaps and numerous study deficiencies. We found little information to address some of the issues that previous authoritative reviews had not covered, some information to substantiate earlier conclusions and recommendations from those reviews, and no evidence that would overturn any previous recommendations

Remediation of oily wastewater from an interceptor tank using a novel photocatalytic drum reactor.

A novel photocatalytic reactor has been developed to remediate oily wastewaters. In the first instance degradation rates of model organic compounds, methylene blue (MB) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) were determined. The experimental set-up investigated a 1:10 w/v catalyst to organic solution volume, 30 g catalyst, 300 mls MB (10 μM) or 4-CP (100 μM). The catalyst investigated was a pellet catalyst to improve separation of the remediated volume from the catalyst following treatment. MB concentration decreased by 93% after 15 mins irradiation whilst 4-CP concentration decreased by 94% following 90 mins irradiation. Oily waste water (OWW) from an interceptor tank typically containing diesel oils was obtained from Sureclean, an environmental clean-up company. The OWW was treated using the same conditions as MB and 4-CP, the model organic compounds. Levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were used to monitor the efficacy of the photocatalytic reactor. TOC reduced by 45% following two 90 mins treatment cycles. TPH reduced by 45% following 90 mins irradiation and by a further 25% during a second stage of treatment. This reactor can be used as a polishing technique assembled within a wastewater treatment plant. Allowing for more than one pass through the reactor improves its efficiency. Presented at the 2009 International workshop on urbanisation, land use, land degradation and environment (ULE 2009), 28 September - 1 October 2009, Denizli, Turkey

EVALUATING EXTENSIVE SHEEP FARMING SYSTEMS

Data from each of 5 commercial, extensive sheep farms in Cumbria, UK were used as parameters in a linear program (LP) representing labour and grazing management in such farming systems. The LP maximised ewe enterprise gross margin subject to constraints dictated by the labour availability and land types on each farm. Under the assumptions used, labour availability and price restricted ewe numbers well below those observed in practice on 2 farms i.e. land resources were adequate for the farming system practiced. On two other farms stocking levels and hence returns were limited by the availability of forage and hence feed input prices relative to output. On one farm, greater grassland productivity was the key determinant of system performance. It was concluded that a holistic systems approach was needed to properly evaluate these farming systems in terms of their potential contribution to animal welfare, land use, profit and hence their sustainabilityLivestock Production/Industries, Extensive, Sheep, Economics, LP,

Prospectus, November 8, 1978

SHOPLIFTING--A GROWING CRIME; Recital cancelled; Activities for the week; Registration still open for bridge tournament; Register by tomorrow for adult workshop; PC offers glass class; Everyone feels depression; Counseling center hosts transfer day; Shopping trip set for Dec. 2; PC players begin play; \u27Super Piano\u27 performs at PC; Shoplifting problem turns to part-time robbery; Bread warms audience in Halloween concert; Queen contest set for Dec. 15; NJCAA meet hosted by PC; PC students put their best pumpkin forward; Classifieds; DePree gives Karate exhibit; PC offers workshop; WPCD\u27s Top 15 for the Week of Nov. 6; State Tourney here we come!; Intramurals start this week; Illini team is promising; Fast Freddy Contest; Clarke wins Fast Freddy; PC finishes 3rd at Danvillehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1978/1004/thumbnail.jp