Pharmacological treatmen of post traumatic stress disorder: present and future

RESUMEN: El Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático constituye un desorden psiquiátrico con gran impacto en la funcionalidad y en la calidad de vida de las personas que lo padecen y para el que, en la actualidad, los recursos terapéuticos son escasos y no siempre eficaces. La evidencia clínica, apoya la aplicación de la sertralina y la paroxetina como agentes farmacológicos de primera línea para el tratamiento del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático. Sin embargo, la discreta intensidad de sus efectos y de su eficacia, hacen que estén lejos de constituir un tratamiento ideal. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de los resultados que ha venido teniendo la farmacoterapia actual en la práctica clínica, así como una revisión de los fármacos investigados más recientemente y de las bases neurobiológicas que sustentan su potencial terapéutico.ABSTRACT: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder represents a psychiatric disorder with a major impact on the functionality and quality of life of people who suffer from it and for whom, currently, therapeutic resources are scarce and not always effective. Clinical evidence supports the use of sertraline and paroxetine as first-line pharmacological agents for the treatment of PTSD. However, the discreet intensity of their effects and their effectiveness make them far from being the ideal treatment. The objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of the results of existing pharmacotherapy in clinical practice, as well as a review of the most recently investigated drugs and the neurobiological bases underpinning their therapeutic potential.Grado en Medicin

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials: A literature review

Oral lichenoid lesions related to contact are defined as oral-cavity eruptions with an identifiable etiology, and are clinically and histologically similar to oral lichen planus. Within this group are found oral lichenoid lesions related to contact with dental materials (OLLC), the most common being those related to silver amalgam. Currently, it remains difficult to diagnose these lesions due to the clinical and histopathological similarity with oral lichen planus and other oral mucosa lesions of lichenoid characteristics. In the present paper, we carry out an updated review of the tests for, and the different characteristics of OLLC, which may aid the diagnosis. For this review, we made searches in the Pubmed® and Cochrane® databases. Among the literature we found several published papers, from which we have used review papers, case papers, cohort studies, case and control studies, and a meta-analysis study. After carrying out this review, we can conclude that the diagnosis of these lesions is still difficult and controversial. However, there are different aspects in the clinical presentation, pathological study and results obtained when replacing suspect materials, which, when taken together, may be useful when establishing the final diagnosis of OLLC

Productivity in Knowledge Worker Teams

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in work pro- cesses has not brought the expected productivity improvement. Some studies even suggest that the always-on model decreases productivity. This article proposes work teams as a new unit for knowledge worker productivity analysis in organizations. Organizations? ability to adopt new analysis measures is analyzed in three case studies

Human resources policies for strategic csr. The experience of ree (Red Eléctrica de España)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies have a strong link with human resources policies. Not only because employees are one of the main stakeholders and because leaders’ style is directly related to the deployment of the strategy, but also, and with a growing importance, because a company culture aligned with CSR values could be a key competitive factor. The relationships among CSR values, employees’ commitment and productivity is one of the research lines of the GIOS (Grupo de Investigación de Organizaciones Sostenibles, Sustainable Organizations Research Group). Employees’ commitment management is one of the main challenges managers face, particularly in companies with a high proportion of knowledge workers. Many pieces of research indicate the direct relationship between employees’ commitment and company success. In this paper the results of a case study in REE (Red Eléctrica de España) identify some key variables to demonstrate that relationship. Based on commitment construct with the duality of emotional and rational commitment, and on the REE employee satisfaction survey, a direct relationship with organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) variables appears. These OCB variables are an intermediate step with CSR values.From the results analysis of this survey a direct linear relationship can be seen between commitment and organizational citizenship behaviours. The relationships among emotional and rational commitment and OCB are examined separately with the conclusion being reached that there is a strong correlation in both cases. Moreover, the correlation between emotional commitment and OCB is somewhat stronger than that existing between rational commitment and OCB. it can also be seen how emotional commitment increases more strongly than rational commitment as organizational citizenship behaviours are gradually incorporated

Teaching Experience Based on Self-Evaluation Techniques and Clinical Dental Reasoning by Means of New Technologies

En este artículo se analiza la introducción de un sistema de autoevaluación on-line para demostrar las competencias adquiridas por parte del alumnado tras la participación de un especialista en Odontología que permita la aplicación de una ciencia básica como es la Histología en el razonamiento clínico y en la práctica Odontológica. El alumnado mostró una mayor satisfacción con el método así como mejoró la capacidad de adquisición de las competencias específicas de la asignatura.This article discusses the introduction of online self-assessment in order to demonstrate the skills acquired by students after the participation in class of a dentistry specialist who applies of a basic science such as histology in clinical reasoning and in dental practice. The students showed greater satisfaction with the new method as well as an improved ability in order to acquire the specific subject skills

Toxic cyanobacteria strains isolated from blooms in the Guadiana River (southwestern Spain)

This paper describes the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria along the Guadiana River over its course between Mérida and Badajoz (Extremadura, Spain). Water sampling for phytoplankton quantification and toxin analysis was carried out regularly between 1999 and 2001 in six different locations, including two shallow, slow-flowing river sites, two streamed river sites and two drinking water reservoirs. The cyanobacterial community differed significantly between these locations, especially during the summer. The predominant genera were Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Aphanizomenon and Anabaena. Using an ELISA assay the total microcystin contents of natural water samples from the most eutrophic locations ranged from 0.10 – 21.86 µg mcyst-LR equivalent·L-1 in Valdelacalzada and 0.10-11.3 µg mcyst-LR equivalent·L-1 in Vitonogales, and a seasonal variation of toxin content was observed. The amount of microcystins produced by each strain was determined by ELISA assay and the detection and identification of microcystin variants of three toxic strains of Microcystis aeruginosa was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis of microcystins of the cultured strains revealed that toxin production was variable among different strains of M. aeruginosa isolated either from different blooms or from the same bloom.Junta de Andalucía (CTS358

Claves para la Gestión de Puestos de Trabajo en las Organizaciones en Red.

Las organizaciones viven cambios estratégicos, culturales y organizativos para adaptarse a la sociedad red. La incorporación de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación facilita los esquemas de trabajo en red dentro de las organizaciones y entre ellas. En este contexto, hay profesionales desbordados en su puesto de trabajo, por exceso de información, correos electrónicos, llamadas, reuniones, plataformas virtuales. Estos cambios suponen un reto para la organización del trabajo y mejora de productividad. En este artículo se propone un marco de análisis para esta organización del trabajo en puestos caracterizados por el predominio del conocimiento. Finalmente se contrasta con un estudio de caso

The use of learning objects in augmented reality in the teaching of medicine

La realidad aumentada (RA) se configura como una tecnología de gran potencial en la formación universitaria, ofreciendo la posibilidad de combinar la información digital con la física en tiempo real a través de diferentes dispositivos tecnológicos (tablet, smartphones, gafas,…). Nuestro estudio perseguía un doble objetivo: por una parte, conocer el grado de motivación que la utilización de objetos en formato RA despierta en los alumnos de medicina y, por otra, analizar si el género de los alumnos afecta positivamente en el grado de motivación mostrada. Para el análisis de la motivación despertada en los alumnos por la experiencia realizada con los objetos de RA elaborados se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por Keller (2010), el “Instructional Material Motivational Survey” (IMMS). La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por alumnos de primer curso del Grado de Medicina de la Universidad de Sevilla (España), que cursaban la asignatura de “Anatomía Humana I”. Podemos destacar que la experiencia realizada llamó la atención de los alumnos, y que el material les despertó la curiosidad ayudándoles a mantener la atención y disfrutando, por lo general, con la experiencia realizada a la vez que el contenido del material presentado era relevante para sus intereses. Del estudio podemos sacar las siguientes conclusiones: el instrumento de diagnóstico se presenta como un buen predictor para explicar la motivación, atención, confianza, relevancia y satisfacción que despierta la interacción con los objetos de RA. La RA se presenta como una tecnología de gran utilidad para el aprendizaje de los alumnos de medicina, su incorporación a la enseñanza es fácil y el género de los estudiantes no determina el grado de aceptación que tienen de la RA.The Augmented Reality (AR) is formed as a technology of great potential in the universitary education, offering the possibility of combining the digital information with the real time physics across different technological devices (tablet, smartphones, glasses …). Our study was chasing an objective double, on one hand to know the degree of motivation that the utilization of objects in format AR wakes up in the medical student and for analyzing other one if the kind of the student concerns positively in the degree of showed motivation. For the analysis of the motivation woken up in the student for the experience realized with the objects of elaborated AR a questionnaire was in use elaborated for Keller (2010), the "Instructional Material Motivational Survey" (IMMS). The sample of the study was formed by student of the first year of the Degree of Medicine of the University of Seville (Spain), who were dealing the subject of "Human Anatomy I ". We can emphasize that the realized experience called the attention of the student, and that the material they woke the curiosity up helping them to support the attention and enjoying in general with the experience realized simultaneously that the content of the presented material was relevant for his interests. Of The study we can extract the following conclusions: The instrument of diagnosis appears as a good predictor to explain the motivation, attention, confidence, relevancy and satisfaction that wakes the interaction up with AR's objects. The AR appears as a technology of great utility for the learning of the student of medicine, his incorporation to the education is easy and the gender of the students does not determine the degree of acceptance that they have of the AR

Accessible Interface for Multimedia Presentation in Inclusive Education

[Poster] 12th Annual SIGCSE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE'07), 25-27th June, 2007, Dundee (Scotland)Among the technological solutions to achieve an inclusive education, the educative electronic accessible resources providing content adaptability is an alternative which reduces discrimination. It also favors the inclusion with right equalities which can be used by students regardless of their specific need and use contexts. Following this line of adaptability of contents on the web, a practical case [1] has been launched: an accessible interface of a multimedia resource with caption and audiodescription that offers the user the control over the decision of which sound and/or visual alternatives he wants to be introduced to. This resource has been designed with Universal Design criteria which are found in the Inclusive Design methodological frameworkPublicad