Validación de la versión española de los cuestionarios “Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Edition” (MIQ-RS) y “Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire” (KVIQ) en personas con Enfermedad de Parkinson

La Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una común patología neurodegenerativa caracterizada por sus síntomas motores y no motores, de marcado carácter heterogéneo, y su curso clínico crónico y progresivo. Las personas con EP presentan alteraciones del control motor, aunque mantienen su capacidad de aprendizaje. La Imagen Motora (IM) es la representación mental de un movimiento sin que haya ejecución motora real, un proceso cognitivo activo durante el que la acción motora es internamente representada a través de la memoria de trabajo. Puede utilizarse como técnica de aprendizaje motor puesto que activa áreas encefálicas similares a la ejecución motora, y su efectividad clínica se está estudiando en personas con EP. La capacidad de una persona de imaginar se ha descrito como un factor condicionante de la efectividad de la IM. La capacidad de realizar IM puede evaluarse mediante herramientas directas e indirectas. Entre las indirectas, los cuestionarios psicométricos se centran en valorar la intensidad con la que el sujeto experimenta la imagen (viveza), con diferenciación según la modalidad sensorial (visual o cinestésica). Entre ellos, los más utilizados son el Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Edition (MIQ-RS) y el Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). El cuestionario KVIQ puede administrarse en diferentes versiones en función del número de ítems utilizados en la evaluación (34 si la evaluación es bilateral, 20 si es unilateral y 10 en su versión reducida). Estos instrumentos han demostrado su validez biológica en personas sanas, pero su uso en personas con EP debe acreditarse en términos de validez y fiabilidad..

Factors affecting growth in flasks liquid cultures of N. benthamiana

[ESP] A la hora de realizar cultivos in vitro vegetales, hay que tener en cuenta diversos factores que pueden afectar a su crecimiento, como pueden ser: medio de cultivo, temperatura, luz, etc. Estos factores afectarán de forma diferente a cada tipo de cultivo, especialmente a diferentes especies vegetales. En este ensayo, se ha caracterizado cómo afectan la luz, el tamaño del inóculo y la disgregación del inóculo al crecimiento de cultivos en matraces de Nicotiana benthamiana. El factor que más influye en el crecimiento de este tipo de cultivo es el tamaño del inóculo: se requiere un mínimo porcentaje de inóculo para que el crecimiento del cultivo sea significante. [ENG] In vegetal in vitro cultures, there are several factors to be considered that can affect growth, such as: culture medium, temperature, light, etc. These factors affect differently each type of culture, specially to different species. In this assay, we have studied how the light, the size of the inoculum and the inoculum disaggregation affect the growth of flasks cultures of Nicotiana benthamiana. The most influent factor is the inoculum size: it is necessary to have a minimum inoculum to achieve a significant growth.Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias a la financiación de la empresa BIONET S.L. y la ayuda DIN2020-011559 financiada por MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. También agradecer al departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular de la Universidad de Cartagena por aportar los materiales necesarios para realizar los ensayos

Conditioned medium effects on reducing shear and dilution stress in plant cell cultures

[SPA] A pesar de las ventajas que presentan los cultivos de células vegetales para expresión y producción de proteínas y otros metabolitos de interés en biorreactores frente a los cultivos microbianos, tienen algunas limitaciones. Dos de las más importantes son el alto porcentaje de inóculo que se necesita para que los cultivos sean viables y el estrés por cizalla que sufren por la agitación mecánica. El estrés por dilución, o bajo porcentaje de inóculo, y el estrés por cizalla dan lugar al proceso de muerte celular programada (MCP). En estudios previos se ha visto que un medio de cultivo condicionado puede proteger a las células de la MCP. En este trabajo se ha estudiado este efecto frente al estrés por cizalla y por dilución que sufren los cultivos celulares vegetales a escala de matraz, para poder aplicarlo a cultivos en biorreactores. [ENG] Although there are advantages about using plant cell cultures as expression system to produce proteins and metabolites of interest in bioreactors comparing to microbial cultures, they also have some limitations. Two of the most important ones are the high inoculum percentage is needed to have viable cultures and the shear stress they suffer from mechanic agitation. Both stresses lead to programming cell death (PCD). In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that a cell-conditioned growth medium has a protective effect against PCD. In this work, we have studied this effect against both stresses in flasks cultures, to apply it in the future to bioreactor cultures.Este trabajo está subvencionado por el Proyecto PID2021-127933OB-C21 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y FEDER a MEC y JW, Catedra BIONET en Biotecnología y el proyecto AGROALNEXT del Plan de Recuperación y Resiliencia. Ayuda DIN2020-011559 financiada por MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 y según proceda, por “FSE Invierte en tu futuro” o por la “Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Quantitative Measurement of Rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Rigidity is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Present in up 89% of cases, it is typically assessed with clinical scales. However, these instruments show limitations due to their subjectivity and poor intra- and inter-rater reliability. To compile all of the objective quantitative methods used to assess rigidity in PD and to study their validity and reliability, a systematic review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies from January 1975 to June 2019 were included, all of which were written in English. The Strengthening the Reporting of observational studies in Epidemiology Statement (STROBE) checklist for observational studies was used to assess the methodological rigor of the included studies. Thirty-six studies were included. Rigidity was quantitatively assessed in three ways, using servomotors, inertial sensors, and biomechanical and neurophysiological study of muscles. All methods showed good validity and reliability, good correlation with clinical scales, and were useful for detecting rigidity and studying its evolution. People with PD exhibit higher values in terms of objective muscle stiffness than healthy controls. Rigidity depends on the angular velocity and articular amplitude of the mobilization applied. There are objective, valid, and reliable methods that can be used to quantitatively assess rigidity in people with PD

Imagined Timed Up and Go test (iTUG) in people with Parkinson’s Disease: test-retest reliability and validity

This work was supported by the Neurorehabilitation and Comprehensive Rehabilitation research group (Group Number: 911789) belonging to the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry of the Complutense University of Madrid.Purpose To determine the test-retest reliability and validity of the Imagined Timed Up and Go Test (iTUG) as a Motor Imagery measure of temporal accuracy in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Materials and methods A descriptive study was conducted following the GRRAS recommendations. Thirty-two people with idiopathic, mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr I–III), without cognitive impairment (MMSE ≥ 24), were assessed twice (7–15 days apart) with the iTUG. The absolute unadjusted difference in seconds, and the absolute adjusted difference as percentage of estimation error, between real and imagined TUG times, were calculated as outcome measures. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a two-way mixed-effects model of the ICC. Construct validity was tested with the Imagined Box and Blocks Test (iBBT) and convergent validity with clinical characteristics of PD, using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results The ICC for the unadjusted and adjusted measures of the iTUG was ICC = 0.61 and ICC = 0.55, respectively. Correlations between iTUG and iBBT were not statistically significant. The iTUG was partially correlated to clinical characteristics of PD. Conclusions Test-retest reliability of the iTUG was moderate. Construct validity between iTUG and iBBT was poor, so caution should be taken when using them concurrently to assess imagery’s temporal accuracy. Implications for Rehabilitation In people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the absolute unadjusted difference (in seconds) and the absolute adjusted difference (as a percentage of estimation error) of the Imagined Timed Up and Go test (iTUG) were moderately reliable. iTUG and Imagined Box and Blocks Test (iBBT) measures were not statistically correlated. Therefore, temporal accuracy measures of Motor Imagery are highly task-dependant and thus their construct validity is poor. Correlations between the adjusted and unadjusted measures of the iTUG and the majority of clinical variables of PD were not statistically significant. Statistically significant correlations were only found between the unadjusted difference and MDS-UPDRS Part III, Schwab and England, and Berg Balance scales, as well as the adjusted difference and disease duration.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEpu

Clinical and neurophysiological effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG-guided neurofeedback in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, four-arm controlled trial

A randomized, single-blinded controlled trial with 4 arms to determine the immediate and short-term effects on motor and non-motor symptoms, and neurophysiological measures, of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and EEG-guided neurofeedback, alone or combined, compared to no intervention, in people with PD

Test-Retest Reliability and Criterion Validity of the Spanish Version of Two Motor Imagery Questionnaires in People With Parkinson Disease

Background and purpose: The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) and the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS) are measurement instruments that assess motor imagery vividness. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Spanish KVIQ and MIQ-RS in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted following the COSMIN standards. Thirty-five people with idiopathic PD were evaluated twice (7-15 days apart) with the Spanish KVIQ and MIQ-RS. Structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and criterion validity of the MIQ-RS and KVIQ long (KVIQ-20), short (KVIQ-10), and extended (KVIQ-34) versions and their subscales (if pertinent) were tested. Results: Factor analysis was satisfactory for the MIQ-RS, KVIQ-20, and KVIQ-10, providing evidence of their 2-dimensional structure. Evidence of the structural validity of the KVIQ-34 was not confirmed and thus was analyzed as an overall score. Revelle's ω > 0.9 showed excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.58-0.75) and higher for all visual subscales. SEM and SDC were up to 14.39% and 39.89% of the scores, respectively. Criterion validity between questionnaires and subscales was strong (Spearman's r > 0.7). Discussion and Conclusions: The results provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Spanish MIQ-RS, KVIQ-20, and KVIQ-10 to assess motor imagery vividness in people with PD, whereas the KVIQ-34 should only be interpreted as an overall score. Psychometric, procedural, and practical features of the questionnaires should be considered when applying into clinical practice. Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: https://links.lww.com/JNPT/A401).Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEpu

Advanced Analysis of Electrodermal Activity Measures to Detect the Onset of ON State in Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Electrodermal activity (EDA) serves as a prominent biosignal for assessing sympathetic activation across various scenarios. Prior research has suggested a connection between EDA and fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its precise utility in reliably detecting these fluctuations has remained unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of both basic and advanced analyses of EDA changes in identifying the transition to the ON state following dopaminergic medication administration in individuals with PD. Methods: In this observational study, 19 individuals with PD were enrolled. EDA was continuously recorded using the Empatica E4 device, worn on the wrist, during the transition from the OFF state to the ON state following levodopa intake. The raw EDA signal underwent preprocessing and evaluation through three distinct approaches. A logistic regression model was constructed to assess the significance of variables predicting the ON/OFF state, and support vector machine (SVM) models along with various Neural Network (NN) configurations were developed for accurate state prediction. Results: Differences were identified between the ON and OFF states in both the time and frequency domains, as well as through the utilization of convex optimization techniques. SVM and NN models demonstrated highly promising results in effectively distinguishing between the OFF and ON states. Conclusions: Evaluating sympathetic activation changes via EDA measures holds substantial promise for detecting non-motor fluctuations in PD. The SVM algorithm, in particular, yields precise outcomes for predicting these non-motor fluctuation states