Oligofructose supplementation (10%) during pregnancy and lactation does not change the inflammatory effect of concurrent trans fatty acid ingestion on 21-day-old offspring

Background: Previously, we demonstrated that trans fatty acid ingestion during pregnancy and lactation caused a pro-inflammatory effect on the newborn. the opposite effect was described for gestational prebiotic intake. in the present study, we examined whether supplementation of the diet of the dams with 10% of oligofructose with or without hydrogenated vegetable fat during pregnancy and lactation affected the pro-inflammatory status on the pups at age 21 days.Methods: On the first day of pregnancy, rats were divided into four groups, each of which received one of four diets: a control diet (C group), a control diet supplemented with 10% oligofructose (CF group), a diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat containing trans fatty acids (T group) or a diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat containing trans fatty acids supplemented with 10% oligofructose (TF group). the pups were weighed at birth and at 7, 14 and 21 days of life and were euthanized on post-natal day 21. the serum glucose, insulin and adiponectin concentrations were analyzed. the IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha contents of the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue, liver, soleus and extensor digital longus muscles were analyzed by ELISA. the results are presented as the means +/- standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test and considered significant at p < 0.05Results: the body weights of the 21-day old pups in the CF and TF groups were significant lower than those of the C (27% and 21%) and T (25% and 19%, respectively) groups. the serum levels of adiponectin in the CF, T and TF groups were lower than in the C group (41%; 34% and 31%, respectively). in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue, the IL-6 content was increased in TF group relative to the C and CF groups (74% for both), and the TNF-alpha content was higher in the T and TF groups than in the C group (62% and 98%, respectively). in the liver, the TNF-alpha (56% and 104%) and IL-10 (52% and 73%) contents were increased in the CF group relative to the C and TF groups.Conclusions: Supplementation of the diet of the dams with 10% of oligofructose during pregnancy and lactation, independent of supplementation with hydrogenated vegetable fat, adversely affected the development of the offspring and contributed to development of a pro-inflammatory status in the pups on postnatal day 21.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, Dept Fis, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Saude & Sociedade, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, Dept Fis, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Saude & Sociedade, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/19426-2Web of Scienc

Coacervate whey protein improves inflammatory milieu in mice fed with high-fat diet

Background: Functional foods with bioactive properties may help in treat obesity, as they can lead to a decreased risks of inflammatory diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on the proinflammatory processes in mice fed with high-fat diet.Methods: Mice were divided into two groups receiving either a normolipidic or high-fat diet; the animals in each of the two diet groups were given a diet supplement of either coacervate (gavage, 36 mg protein/kg of body weight) or tap water for four weeks [groups: normolipidic diet plus water (C); normolipidic diet and coacervate (CC); high-fat diet and water (H); and high-fat diet and coacervate (HC)].Results: the high-fat diet promoted inflammation, possibly by decreased adiponectin/sum of adipose tissues ratio and increased phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p50. in HC we observed a positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-alpha in mesenteric adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue and liver tissue. We also observed a positive correlation between lipopolisaccharide with IL-10 in the liver tissue.Conclusions: High-fat diet treatment promoted metabolic alterations and inflammation, and chitosan coacervate whey protein modulated inflammatory milieu.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/04310-9Web of Scienc

Effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on nutritional and biochemical parameters in mice fed by high-fat diet

Introdução: A obesidade pode ser parcialmente responsavel pelo aumento do estresse oxidativo e consequente desregulacao da expressao de adipocinas pro-inflamatorias em diferentes tecidos e celulas, que podem desencadear doencas relacionadas a sindrome metabolica. No entanto, os mecanismos atraves dos quais o acumulo de gordura para tal desregulacao induz a sintese e secrecao de adipocinas, precisa ser mais investigados. Alimentos funcionais, com propriedades bioativas podem ter um papel importante na ajuda ao combate da obesidade. Sao alimentos capazes de diminuir os riscos de doencas e melhorar as vias fisiologicas modulando-as positivamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da suplementacao do coacervado de proteina do soro do leite (PSL) em quitosana sobre os provaveis mecanismos envolvidos no processos pro-inflamatorios em camundongos com obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipidica. Metodos: O estudo teve o tempo total de 9 semanas (delta total) sob condicoes controladas de ciclo claro-escuro e 22-25 ° C e foi dividido em duas fases: na primeira (ciclo I) os camundongos suicos, com doze semanas de idade foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle (C) e Hiperlipidica (H), onde receberam por cinco semanas as respectivas dietas. Na segunda fase (ciclo II), os animais foram novamente subdivididos formando quatro grupos experimentais: dieta normolipidica e gavagem de agua (C), dieta normolipidica e gavagem com coacervado (CC), dieta hiperlipidica e gavagem de agua (H) e dieta hiperlipidica e gavagem com coacervado (HC) e foi iniciada a intervencao com gavagem de coacervado (36 mg de proteina / kg peso corporal) ou agua por quatro semanas. Ao final do periodo experimental os animais foram eutanasiados por decapitacao. O sangue foi coletado para obtencao do soro, e os depositos de tecido adiposo epididimal, retroperitoneal, mesenterico (MES) e o figado, foram dissecados logo apos a eutanasia, pesados e armazenados para analises da expressao proteica. Pelo metodo de ELISA foram realizadas as analises de adiponectina, insulina, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-&#945;, LPS. Pelo metodo de Western Blotting foi quantificado a via do NF-&#954;B. O colesterol toltal, HDL-colesterol e a glicemia foram determinados usando um kit comercial de Labtest®. RESULTADOS: A administracao de dieta hiperlipidica foi eficiente em desencadear processos inflamatorios, diminuicao na razao adiponectina/STA no grupo H quando comparado com grupo C e aumento na fosforilacao da unidade 50 do complexo NF-&#954;B, no tecido adiposo MES, e no aumento da razao entre IL-10/TNF-&#945; no tecido adiposo MES. Tambem foram encontradas correlacoes positivas entre IL-10 e TNF-&#945;, nos tecidos adiposos MES, RET e no figado dos animais do grupo HC, que sugere a ocorrencia do aumento na producao de IL-10 na tentativa de reverter o processo inflamatorio desencadeado pela dieta hiperlipidica associada com o coacervado de PSL em quitosana. CONCLUSAO: Nossos dados demostram que a inGestão de dieta hiperlipidica promoveu alteracoes metabolicas e estimulou o processo inflamatorio. A gavagem com coacervado de PSL em quitosana foi capaz de modular o perfil inflamatorioFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Effects of a Diet Enriched with Polyunsaturated, Saturated, or Trans Fatty Acids on Cytokine Content in the Liver, White Adipose Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice

This study analyzed the effect of diet enriched with 30% lipids on cytokines content in different tissues. Swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control (C, normolipidic diet); soybean oil (S); lard (L); and hydrogenated vegetable fat (H). We observed an increase in carcass fat in groups S and L, and the total amount of fatty deposits was only higher in group L compared with C group. The serum levels of free fatty acids were lower in the L group, and insulin, adiponectin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were similar among the groups. IL-10 was lower in group L in mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. H reduced IL-10 only in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was an increase in IL-6 in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L group, and a positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-10 was observed in the livers of groups C, L, and H and in the muscles of all groups studied. The results suggested relationships between the quantity and quality of lipids ingested with adiposity, the concentration of free fatty acids, and cytokine production in white adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver

Características antropométricas e dietéticas de homens praticantes de musculação e de corrida pedestre

The dietary intake and body composition are directly related with the performance of individuals who exercise frequently. This study aimed to define comparatively the anthropometric and dietary profile of long-distance runners and bodybuilders. Eighteen young participants were evaluated (10 long-distance runners and 8 body builders). Weight and height were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was then estimated. Skinfolds and circumferences were measured in order to estimate muscle mass, body density and fat percentage. Dietary intake was evaluated through the 24-hour questionnaire (Nutwin 1.5). The Student´s t test was used to compare food intake between the groups by using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package. The level of significance adopted was p<0.05. No difference was found for the adiposity markers, however, the bodybuilders showed higher muscle mass than long-distance runners. The macro and micronutrient intake was adequate and similar in both groups, with exception of carbohydrate and vitamin E intake, that was below of the recommendations. We concluded that bodybuilders and long-distance runners showed adequate body composition, however, low intake of carbohydrate and vitamin E.O consumo dietético e a composição corporal estão diretamente relacionados ao rendimento de indivíduos que praticam exercício físico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar comparativamente o perfil antropométrico e dietético de corredores e praticantes de musculação. Foram avaliados 18 participantes (10 corredores e 8 praticantes de musculação) jovens. Foram aferidos peso e estatura, com posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e dobras cutâneas e circunferências para os cálculos de massa muscular; densidade corporal e percentual de gordura. A ingestão dietética foi realizada pelo recordatório de 24 horas (Nutwin 1.5). Para comparação da ingestão entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste t de student pelo software STATISTICA 6.0. O nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Não houve diferença dos marcadores de adiposidade dos indivíduos, entretanto, os praticantes de musculação apresentaram maior massa muscular que os corredores. Com relação ao consumo de macro e micronutrientes, ambos os grupos apresentaram consumo adequado dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do carboidrato e vitamina E, que estavam abaixo do recomendado. Conclui-se que os corredores e os praticantes de musculação apresentaram composição corporal adequada, entretanto, baixa ingestão de carboidrato e de vitamina E.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

A Hyperlipidic Diet Combined with Short-Term Ovariectomy Increases Adiposity and Hyperleptinemia and Decreases Cytokine Content in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue

Four-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed a control diet (C) or a hyperlipidic diet (H) for 4 weeks. Rats from each group underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (SHAM). They received C or H for the next four weeks. The body weight gain (BW), food efficiency (FE), and carcass lipid content were higher in the OVX H than in the SHAM H. The OVX H exhibited a higher serum leptin level than other groups. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 content of mesenteric (MES) adipose tissue was lower in the OVX H than in the OVX C. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 content of retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissue was lower in the SHAM H than in the SHAM C. The SHAM H showed decreased TG relative to the SHAM C. Similar results were obtained in relation to IL-6Rα, TNFR1, TLR-4, and MyD88 contents in the MES and RET white adipose tissue among the groups. A hyperlipidic diet for 8 weeks combined with short-term ovariectomy decreases the cytokine content of MES adipose tissues but increases BW, enhancing FE and elevating serum leptin levels. These suggest that the absence of estrogens promotes metabolic changes that may contribute to installation of a proinflammatory process induced by a hyperlipidic diet