The Comprehensive Utilization of Steel Slag in Agricultural Soils

The use of metallurgical solid wastes such as steel slag, in agricultural activity, has become very important to contribute to reducing the accumulation of such wastes in the environment and to increase crop production. So, this chapter aims to emphasize the main aspects of the application of slags to soil chemical attributes as elevation of pH and neutralization of Al3+ toxic in acid soils and increase nutrient content as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, some micronutrients, and silicon. In addition, the advance in studies of the utilization of these residues in no-tillage systems in tropical soils will be discussed. Aspects related to monitoring the presence of heavy metals will be addressed

Pineapple intercropped systems as an income alternative during the formation of irrigated coffee crop

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o sistema de plantio de abacaxizeiro intercalado com cafeeiro que proporciona o maior retorno econômico, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produtividade de cafezal irrigado. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e dez plantas úteis por parcela. Os sistemas irrigados de cultivo consistiram em: duas e três fileiras simples de abacaxizeiro, nas entrelinhas do cafeeiro, ou quatro linhas em fileiras duplas. O desenvolvimento vegetativo do cafeeiro foi avaliado aos 6, 12 e 18 meses após o plantio, e a produtividade aos 28 meses. O cultivo de duas fileiras simples favoreceu o desenvolvimento do cafeeiro, e os demais sistemas não tiveram efeito sobre esse parâmetro. A produtividade do cafeeiro foi maior nos sistemas de cultivo com duas e três fileiras de abacaxi. Os três sistemas de cultivo apresentaram retornos econômicos positivos. O sistema intercalar com três fileiras simples proporciona o melhor retorno, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produtividade do cafeeiro.The objective of this work was to determine the planting system of pineapple intercropped with coffee plants that provides the highest economic return, without harming the vegetative development and yield of the irrigated coffee crop. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates and ten useful plants per plot. The irrigated cropping systems consisted of two and three single rows of pineapple between coffee rows, or of two double rows of pineapples. Vegetative development of the coffee plants was evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months after planting, and the coffee yield at 28 months. Cultivation of two single rows of pineapple improved coffee development, and the other planting systems did not harm coffee development. Coffee yield was greater in the cropping systems with two and three intercropped rows of pineapples. The three planting systems had positive economic return. The system with three single rows provide the best economic return, without compromising the vegetative growth and yield of coffee plants

Alterações químicas no sistema solo-planta após adubação com lodo de esgoto compostado e irrigação com água residuária em laranjeira ‘Valência’

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adubação com lodo de esgoto compostado em função da substituição da adubação nitrogenada mineral pelo equivalente deste elemento presente no resíduo e da irrigação com água residuária nos parâmetros químicos do solo (pH, M.O., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, CTC e V%), teores nutricionais do tecido foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn), na qualidade dos frutos de laranjeiras, nos teores de metais pesados no solo e nos frutos e na qualidade da água residuária utilizada na irrigação das laranjeiras. O experimento foi instalado em recipientes com capacidade de 500 L de solo na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP/ Campus Botucatu- SP, contemplando 6 doses de lodo de esgoto compostado que representa 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125%, respectivamente, da recomendação de N para a cultura da laranjeira e 2 tipos de água para irrigação (água potável e água residuária). Após coletados e tabulados, os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey a um nível de 5% de significância e submetidos à análise de regressão. A aplicação do lodo de esgoto compostado no solo proporcionou redução do pH e dos teores de K e Mg e aumento dos teores de M.O., P, CTC, V%, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. O lodo de esgoto compostado foi capaz de suprir a demanda de N pelas laranjeiras. Os teores de metais pesados detectados não apresentam risco de contaminação do solo e os teores encontrados nos frutos apresentam-se muito abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela legislaçãoThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of fertilization with composted sewage sludge due to the substitution of mineral N fertilization for the equivalent of that element present in the residue and irrigation with wastewater on soil chemical parameters (pH, OM, P , K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, CEC and V%), nutritional content of the leaf tissue (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), the quality of fruits of orange, the contents of heavy metals in soil and fruits and the quality of wastewater used for irrigation of orange trees. The experiment was carried in containers with a capacity of 500 liters of soil in the open in the Department of Soil and Environmental Resources, College of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP / Botucatu Campus, SP, contemplating 6 doses of composted sewage sludge that is 0, 25 , 50, 75, 100 and 125%, respectively, of the N recommendation for the culture of the orange and 2 types of irrigation water (drinking water and wastewater). After collected and tabulated, the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at a 5% level of significance and subjected to regression analysis. Application of composted sewage sludge in the soil caused a reduction in pH and K, Mg and increased levels of OM, P, CEC,% V, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The composted sewage sludge was able to meet the demand for N by orange trees. The detected levels of heavy metals present no risk of contamination of the soil and the levels found in fruits present well below the limits established by la

Manejo do lodo de esgoto e nitrogênio mineral na fertilidade do solo ao longo do tempo

The use of sewage sludge is a practice highly promising for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to assess the improvement in soil fertility management strategies on different sewage sludge and mineral nitrogen after seven application of this residue. The experiment was carried at the Sao Manuel Experimental Farm belonging to the faculty of Agronomic Sciences of UNESP, Botucatu, located in the county of Sao Manuel. It was adopted the experimental design in a randomized blocks consisting of six treatments and five repetitions defined as follows: T0 - without nitrogen fertilizer, T1 - mineral fertilizer nitrogen according to the crop needs, T2 - 50% nitrogen from sewage sludge and 50% in the form of chemical fertilizer, T3 - 100% of nitrogen recommended by the culture, from sewage sludge, T4 - 150% of nitrogen recommended by the culture, from sewage sludge and T5 - 200% of the nitrogen from the sewage sludge. It has done seven application of sewage sludge in crop ( year 1 - sunflower, year 2 sunflower, year 3 - oats and bean, year 4 - triticale and sunflower, year 5 - wheat) and the first three applications were treated with sewage sludge and the other applications were composted sludge. In the depth 0-20 cm, the sewage sludge promoted an increase in levels of organic matter, P, S, H+Al, CEC and decreased in soil pH. In the depth of 20 to 40 cm the sewage sludge promoted a decrease in pH and increase in soil organic matter, P, H+Al, K, Ca, SB, CEC and S. Mineral N influence the increase in the depth S of 20-40 cm

Sistemas intercalares com abacaxizeiro como alternativa de renda durante a formação de cafezais irrigados

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o sistema de plantio de abacaxizeiro intercalado com cafeeiro que proporciona o maior retorno econômico, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produtividade de cafezal irrigado. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e dez plantas úteis por parcela. Os sistemas irrigados de cultivo consistiram em: duas e três fileiras simples de abacaxizeiro, nas entrelinhas do cafeeiro, ou quatro linhas em fileiras duplas. O desenvolvimento vegetativo do cafeeiro foi avaliado aos 6, 12 e 18 meses após o plantio, e a produtividade aos 28 meses. O cultivo de duas fileiras simples favoreceu o desenvolvimento do cafeeiro, e os demais sistemas não tiveram efeito sobre esse parâmetro. A produtividade do cafeeiro foi maior nos sistemas de cultivo com duas e três fileiras de abacaxi. Os três sistemas de cultivo apresentaram retornos econômicos positivos. O sistema intercalar com três fileiras simples proporciona o melhor retorno, sem comprometer o desenvolvimento vegetativo e a produtividade do cafeeiro.The objective of this work was to determine the planting system of pineapple intercropped with coffee plants that provides the highest economic return, without harming the vegetative development and yield of the irrigated coffee crop. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates and ten useful plants per plot. The irrigated cropping systems consisted of two and three single rows of pineapple between coffee rows, or of two double rows of pineapples. Vegetative development of the coffee plants was evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 months after planting, and the coffee yield at 28 months. Cultivation of two single rows of pineapple improved coffee development, and the other planting systems did not harm coffee development. Coffee yield was greater in the cropping systems with two and three intercropped rows of pineapples. The three planting systems had positive economic return. The system with three single rows provide the best economic return, without compromising the vegetative growth and yield of coffee plants

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications