Endocarditis By Kocuria Rosea In An Immunocompetent Child

Kocuria rosea belongs to genus Kocuria (Micrococcaceae family, suborder Micrococcineae, order Actinomycetales) that includes about 11 species of bacteria. Usually, Kocuria sp are commensal organisms that colonize oropharynx, skin and mucous membrane Kocuria sp infections have been described in the last decade commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, using intravenous catheter or peritoneal dialysis. These patients had mainly bacteremia/recurrent sepsis. We hereby describe the case of a 10-year-old girl, immunocompetent, who had endocarditis/sepsis by K. rosea which was identified in five different blood cultures by Vitek 2 ID-GPC card (BioMérieux, France). Negative HIV serology, blood count within normal range of leukocytes/neutrophils and lymphocytes, normal fractions of the complement, normal level of immunoglobulins for the age lymphocyte immunophenotyping was also within the expected values. Thymus image was normal at chest MRI. No catheters were required. Identification of K. rosea was essential to this case, allowing the differentiation of coagulase-negative staphylococci and use of an effective antibiotic treatment. Careful laboratory analysis of Gram-positive blood-born infections may reveal more cases of Kocuria sp infections in immunocompetent patients, which may collaborate for a better understanding, prevention and early treatment of these infections in pediatrics.1918284Savini, V., Catavitello, C., Masciarelli, G., Drug sensitivity and clinical impact of members of the genus Kocuria (2010) J Med Microbiol, 59, pp. 1395-1402Becker, K., Rutsch, F., Uekötter, A., Kocuria rhizophila adds to the emerging spectrum of micrococcal species involved in human infections (2008) J Clin Microbiol, 46, pp. 3537-3539Dotis, J., Printza, N., Papachristou, F., Peritonitis attributable to Kocuria rosea in a pediatric peritoneal dialysis patient (2012) Perit Dial Int, 32, pp. 577-578Moissenet, D., Becker, K., Mérens, A., Persistent bloodstream infection with Kocuria rhizophila related to a damaged central catheter (2012) J Clin Microbiol, 50, pp. 1495-1498Chen, H.M., Chi, H., Chiu, N.C., Kocuria kristinae: a true pathogen in pediatric patients (2013) J Microbiol Immunol InfectKaradag Oncel, E., Boyraz, M.S., Kara, A., Black tongue associated with Kocuria (Micrococcus) kristinae bacteremia in a 4-month-old infant (2012) Eur J Pediatr, 171, p. 593Lai, C.C., Wang, J.Y., Lin, S.H., Catheter-related bacteraemia and infective endocarditis caused by Kocuria species (2011) Clin Microbiol Infect, 17, pp. 190-192Rushani, D., Kaufman, J.S., Ionescu-Ittu, R., Infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease: cumulative incidence and predictors (2013) Circulation, 128, pp. 1412-1419Srinivasa, K.H., Agrawal, N., Agarwal, A., Dancing vegetations: Kocuria rosea endocarditis (2013) BMJ Case Rep, 28Kumar, C.G., Sujitha, P., Kocuran an exopolysaccharide isolated from Kocuria rosea strain BS-1 and evaluation of its in vitro immunosuppression activities (2014) Enzyme Microb Technol, 55, pp. 113-120Ben-Ami, R., Navon-Venezia, S., Schwartz, D., Erroneous reporting of coagulase-negative staphylococci as Kocuria spp. by the Vitek 2 system (2005) J Clin Microbiol, 43, pp. 1448-1450Boudewijns, M., Vandeven, J., Verhaegen, J., Vitek 2 automated identification system and Kocuria kristinae (2005) J Clin Microbiol, 43, p. 583

Performance of carassius auratus with different food strategies in water recirculation system

The efficiency of a recirculation system for the cultivation of C. auratus, fed with natural and artificial diets was evaluated. The experiment consisted of four treatments with four replicates. The first two treatments used recirculation system and the last two static system. In the first and fourth treatment, animals were fed with brine shrimp biomass (50% CP), while in the second and third treatments a commercial flake ration (42% CP) was used. At the end of cultivation (60 days), water samples were taken from all experimental units and subjected to standard plate count for determining the density of mesophilic bacteria. Final weight (g), final length (cm), specific growth rate (% day -1 ) and weight gain (%) were significantly different (p<0.05) among tested diets, but the culture systems did not affect fish performance. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between systems for total ammonia and nitrite. Animals fed with brine shrimp biomass acquired more intense and brighter colors than those fed only with commercial flake food. The values of standard plate count of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 7.0 × 10 3 to 1.1 × 10 4 CFU.ml -1 . In this study we observed that C. auratus is a species tolerant to adverse water conditions, perhaps with increased stock densities, the recirculation system could play some positive role on the zootechnical performance of cultured animals.A eficiência de um sistema de recirculação para o cultivo de C. auratus, alimentados com dieta natural e artificial foi avaliada. O experimento consistiu de quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os dois primeiros tratamentos utilizaram sistemas de recirculação e os dois últimos sistemas estáticos. No primeiro e quarto tratamento, os animais foram alimentados com biomassa de artêmia (PB 50%), enquanto nos tratamentos dois e três, com ração comercial em flocos (42% PB). Ao final do cultivo (60 dias), amostras de água foram coletadas em todas as unidades experimentais e submetidos a contagem padrão em placas para determinação da densidade de bactérias mesófilas. O peso final (g), com- primento final (cm), taxa de crescimento especí- fico (% dia -1 ) e ganho de peso (%) foram signifi- cativamente diferentes (p<0,05) entre as dietas testadas, mas os sistemas de cultivo não afetaram o desempenho dos peixes. Houve diferença sig- nificativa (p<0,05) entre os sistemas para os níveis de amônia total e nitrito. Os animais alimen- tados com biomassa artêmia adquiriram cor e brilho mais intensos do que aqueles alimentados apenas com ração comercial em flocos. Os valo- res de contagem padrão em placas de bactérias mesófilas variaram de 7,0 × 10 3 para 1,1 × 10 4 CFU.ml -1 . Neste estudo, observou-se que C. auratus é uma espécie tolerante a condições adversas de água, talvez com maior densidade de estocagem, o sistema de recirculação poderia desempenhar papel positivo sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos animais cultivados