4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Vanguardias mirando al Este y al Sur. Los festivales de música contemporánea en Cuba y su relación con la Europa Oriental y Latinoamérica (1959-1990)

Contemporary Cuban musical activity between 1959 and 1990 was characterized as one of the most prolific and attractive in its young history. The Contemporary Music Festivals of the Socialist Countries (1974-1985), the Contemporary Cuban Music Workshops (1978-1986), and the Contemporary Music Festivals of Havana (1984-present) were the spaces par excellence for the promotion of new techniques, aesthetics, and contact with an expectant international and political musical avant-garde. Exchanges of Cuban music and culture with the outside world in the tense Cold War stage had, on the one hand, as its central axis the countries of the socialist bloc. On the other, it was an arduous communication channel with the nascent Latin American avant-gardes. This article aims to delve into the development of this ambivalent dynamic of aesthetic and ideological exchanges, which has become a counter-hegemonic and anti-imperialist “territory-network.” Its primary sources include a varied number of concert programs, brochures, recordings, correspondences, reviews, interviews, and articles located in periodicals of the time

Des/re-territorialización de prácticas musicales afrocubanas: compositores académicos cubanos de la diáspora de finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la obra afrocubanista de tres compositores de la diáspora cubana del último cambio de siglo. Para ello dirigimos nuestra atención a las dinámicas de des/re-territorialización músico-identitarias que revelan sus discursos compositivos, visto aquí como expresión de procesos simultáneos de continuidad, ruptura, mestizaje y transferencias de saberes culturales. Nuestro objetivo es comprender las causas por las que sus discursos compositivos muestran un vínculo especial con las prácticas religiosas y músico-culturales de ascendencia africana. Y, por otra parte, constatar de qué modo se expresan estética y musicalmente dichos vínculos en sus obras afrocubanas de la diáspora. La carga de fragmentación, hibridez y multiplicidad de espacios geográficos que las obras de estos compositores migrantes encierran, concita una variedad amplia de posicionamientos y estrategias creativas, al tiempo que revela profundas relaciones de pertenencia a una tradición ritual y músico-cultural afrodescendiente de indiscutible arraigo en el entorno transcultural caribeño.This article ponders on the Afro-Cuban work of three composers of the Cuban diaspora at the turn of the century. For this, we turn our attention to the dynamics of des/re-territorialization music-identities that reveal their compositional discourses, seen here as an expression of simultaneous processes of continuity, rupture, miscegenation and transfers of cultural knowledge. Our purpose is to understand the causes by which their compositional discourses show a special link with religious and music-cultural practices of African descent. And, on the other hand, to see how these links in his Afro-Cuban works of the diaspora are expressed aesthetically and musically. The burden of fragmentation, hybridity and multiplicity of geographical spaces that the works of these migrant composers contain, attracts a wide variety of creative positions and strategies; at the same time, it reveals deep relationships of belonging to a ritual and cultural-afro-descendant tradition of unquestionable roots in the Caribbean transcultural environment

Des/re-territorialización de prácticas musicales afrocubanas: compositores académicos cubanos de la diáspora de finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI

This article ponders on the Afro-Cuban work of three composers of the Cuban diaspora at the turn of the century. For this, we turn our attention to the dynamics of des/re-territorialization music-identities that reveal their compositional discourses, seen here as an expression of simultaneous processes of continuity, rupture, miscegenation and transfers of cultural knowledge. Our purpose is to understand the causes by which their compositional discourses show a special link with religious and music-cultural practices of African descent. And, on the other hand, to see how these links in his Afro-Cuban works of the diaspora are expressed aesthetically and musically. The burden of fragmentation, hybridity and multiplicity of geographical spaces that the works of these migrant composers contain, attracts a wide variety of creative positions and strategies; at the same time, it reveals deep relationships of belonging to a ritual and cultural-afro-descendant tradition of unquestionable roots in the Caribbean transcultural environment

Des/re-territorialización de prácticas musicales afrocubanas: compositores académicos cubanos de la diáspora de finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI

This article ponders on the Afro-Cuban work of three composers of the Cuban diaspora at the turn of the century. For this, we turn our attention to the dynamics of des/re-territorialization music-identities that reveal their compositional discourses, seen here as an expression of simultaneous processes of continuity, rupture, miscegenation and transfers of cultural knowledge. Our purpose is to understand the causes by which their compositional discourses show a special link with religious and music-cultural practices of African descent. And, on the other hand, to see how these links in his Afro-Cuban works of the diaspora are expressed aesthetically and musically. The burden of fragmentation, hybridity and multiplicity of geographical spaces that the works of these migrant composers contain, attracts a wide variety of creative positions and strategies; at the same time, it reveals deep relationships of belonging to a ritual and cultural-afro-descendant tradition of unquestionable roots in the Caribbean transcultural environment

Música, identidad y diáspora. Jóvenes compositores cubanos en el cambio de siglo (1990-2010)

Tesis realizada en la Universidad de OviedoIván César Morales Flores, autor de la tesis, habla sobre la investigación de la tesis, los compositores estudiados, las características comunes de los compositores y los premios logrados por los compositore