Multivariate exploratory data analysis: bias assessment

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar si el sesgo cometido por los sujetos en una tarea de clasificación de estímulos varió en función del formato de presentación (soles o estrellas) y la forma de asignar las variables (aleatoria, ordenadas según su correlación en 360 grados o representadas en el espacio mediante un biplot: soles o estrellas factoriales). Se encontró que hubo una interacción significativa entre el formato de presentación y la forma de asignar las variables. En concreto, se obtuvo que los sujetos cometieron menos errores cuando clasificaron los soles factoriales que las estrellas factoriales. Asimismo, también clasificaron mejor los soles ordenados que las estrellas ordenadas. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas entre soles y estrellas cuando no se incluyó ningún tipo de información acerca de las correlaciones (asignación aleatoria), ni entre los soles factoriales y los soles ordenados. Por último, también se obtuvo que los sujetos tardaron más tiempo en completar la tarea en la condición de asignación aleatoria que en la representación factorial.The objective of this investigation was to evaluate if the bias of the subjects varied during a stimulus classification task in relation to the presentation form at (suns and stars) and to the way the variables were assigned (randomly, ordered according to their correlation in 360º or using a biplot: factorial suns or stars). It was found that there was a significant interaction between the presentation format and the method of assigning variables. In particular, it was found that the subjects made fewer mistakes classifying the factorial suns than the factorial stars. Likewise , they also classified better the ordered suns than the ordered stars. There were no significant differences between the suns and stars when no information regarding the correlation was included (random order) nor between the ordered suns and factorial suns. Lastly, it was also found that the subjects took longer to complete a task with random assignment than one with the factorial representation.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia PB93117

Visual inspection and type of graphs used

El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar si la evaluación de la efectividad de un tratamiento mediante inspección visual dependía del tipo de representación gráfica. Se estudiaron 3 sujetos a los que se les presentó 3.000 gráficos (1.000 de líneas, 1.000 de barras y 1.000 de caja), representando cada uno de ellos los resultados de un diseño A-B. Los resultados indicaron que los sujetos cometieron mayor número de errores cuando los datos se presentaban mediante líneas o barras.The objective of this research was to see if the evaluation of the effectiveness of a given treatment through visual inspection depends on the type of graphs used. Three subjects were studied with 3000 graphs (1.000 line, 1.000 bar and 1.000 box-plots), each one representing the results of an A-B design. The results indicate that the subjects committed more errors when the data was presented by lines or bars instead of box-plots.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia PB93-117

Música y movimiento a través de los bailes caribeños en Educación Infantil

Este trabajo trata sobre la música y movimiento en la educación infantil, la metodología que voy a utilizar está basada en Emile Jacques – Dalcroze pero planteando una enseñanza a través de los bailes caribeños, trabajando así la expresión corporal, la educación musical y la interculturalidad.Grado en Educación Infanti

Long-term deprescription in chronic pain and opioid use disorder patients: Pharmacogenetic and sex differences

1 Neuropharmacology applied to Pain (NED), Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), c/ Pintor Baeza, 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain 2 Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain 3 Pain Unit, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, ISABIAL, c/ Pintor Baeza, 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain 4 Operations Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain 5 Clinical Pharmacology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, ISABIAL c/ Pintor Baeza, 12, 03010 Alicante, Spain More than half of patients with opioid use disorder for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) reduced their dose through a progressive opioid withdrawal supported by a rotation to buprenorphine and/or tramadol. The aim of this research is to analyse the long-term effectiveness of opioid deprescription taking into account the impact of sex and pharmacogenetics on the inter-individual variability. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2019 to June 2020 on CNCP patients who had previously undergone an opioid deprescription (n = 119 patients). Demographic, clinical (pain, relief and adverse events) and therapeutic (analgesic use) outcomes were collected. Effectiveness (< 50 mg per day of morphine equivalent daily dose without any aberrant opioid use behaviour) and safety (number of side-effects) were analysed in relation to sex differences and pharmacogenetic markers impact [OPRM1 genotype (rs1799971) and CYP2D6 phenotypes]. Long-term opioid deprescription was achieved in 49 % of the patients with an increase in pain relief and a reduction of adverse events. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers showed the lowest long-term opioid doses. Here, women showed a higher degree of opioid deprescription, but increased use of tramadol and neuromodulators, as well as an increased number of adverse events. Long-term deprescription was successful in half of the cases. Understanding sex and gender interaction plus a genetic impact could help to design more individualized strategies for opioid deprescription

Sex-Differences in Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Management: A Cross-Sectional Real-World Study

Background: It is essential to focus attention on sex-specific factors which are clinically relevant in pain management, especially with regards to opioid use disorder (OUD) risk. The aim of this study was to explore potential sex-differences in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) outpatients. (2) Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted under CNCP outpatients with long-term prescribed opioids (n = 806), wherein 137 patients had an OUD diagnosis (cases, 64% females) and 669 did not (controls, 66% females). Socio-demographic, clinical, and pharmacological outcomes were analyzed. (3) Results: Female controls presented an older age and less intensive pain therapy but higher psychotropic prescriptions and emergency department visits compared to male controls. Meanwhile, cases demonstrated a younger age, higher work disability, double morphine equivalent daily dose, and benzodiazepine use compared with controls. Here, female cases showed an 8% greater substance use disorder (OR 2.04 [1.11-3.76]) and 24% lower tramadol use, while male cases presented a 22% higher fentanyl use (OR 2.97 [1.52-5.81]) and reported the highest number of adverse drug reactions (24%, OR 2.40 [1.12-5.16]) compared with controls. (4) Conclusions: An OUD individual risk profile was evidenced with sex-differences to take into consideration to design equal prevention programs

Stomatal control and hydraulic conductivity in 'Manzanilla' olive trees under different water regimes

Ministry of Education and Science (España) No.AGL2006-04666/AGREU, research project ref. STREP 02312

A new indicator approach to reconstruct agricultural land use in Europe from sedimentary pollen assemblages

The reconstruction of human impact is pivotal in palaeoecological studies, as humans are among the most important drivers of Holocene vegetation and ecosystem change. Nevertheless, separating the anthropogenic footprint on vegetation dynamics from the impact of climate and other environmental factors (disturbances such as fire, erosion, floods, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions) is a challenging and still largely open issue. For this purpose, palynologists mostly rely on cultural indicator pollen types and related indices that consist of sums or ratios of these pollen types. However, the high environmental and biogeographical specificity of cultural indicator plants hinders the application of the currently available indices to wide geographical settings. Furthermore, the achievable taxonomic resolution of cultural indicator pollen types may hamper their indicative capacity. In this study, we propose the agricultural land use probability (LUP) index, a novel approach to quantify human impact intensity on European ecosystems based on cultural indicator pollen types. From the ‘classic’ cultural indicators, we construct the LUP index by selecting those with the best indicator capacity based on bioindication criteria. We first train the LUP index using twenty palynological sequences along a broad environmental gradient, spanning from treeless alpine to subtropical mediterranean evergreen plant communities. We then validate the LUP index using independent pollen datasets and archaeological proxies. Finally, we discuss the suitability of the selected pollen types and the potential of the LUP index for quantifying Holocene human impact in Europe, concluding that careful application of the LUP index may significantly contribute to refining pollen-based land-use reconstructions

OPRM1 influence on and effectiveness of an individualized treatment plan for prescription opioid use disorder patients

Screening for opioid use disorder should be considered in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) patients with long-term use of opioids. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of an individualized treatment plan (ITP) for prescription opioid dependence that included screening of pharmacogenetic markers. An observational prospective study was performed using prescription opioid-dependent CNCP outpatients (n = 88). Patients were divided into nonresponders, responders, or high responders according to their response to the ITP. Genotyping of OPRM1 (A118G), OPRD1 (T921C), COMT (G472A), ABCB1 (C3435T), and ARRB2 (C8622T) was performed by real-time PCR. Our ITP achieved a significant reduction of the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) in 64% of responders, including 33% of high responders. Nonopioid medication or buprenorphine use was significantly higher at final versus basal visit. 118-AA OPRM1 patients required significantly lower MEDD at basal and final visits. Our ITP showed effectiveness and security in reducing MEDD in opioid-dependent patients, with good conversion to buprenorphine that was more pronounced in 118-AA OPRM1 patients

Mujeres y disidencias feministas en las arqueologías sudamericanas: Claves para nombrar la violencia patriarcal y re-existir en las academias hostiles

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has been the tragic scenario in which patriarchal violence has manifested in different ways. While physical, verbal, economic, and psychological violence multiplied in each home, many women and dissidents were encouraged to denounce the violence perpetrated against us within our disciplines. As a result of this situation, emerging from the need to meet and talk, the Feminist Collective of the Archeology and Heritage Information Network (RIDAP) was born, and with it the Podcast series “Women and Dissidents in South American Archaeologies.” This article seeks to share reflections born from that collective experience and presents feminist theoretical-methodological keys to problematizing gender perspectives in South American archaeologies. This work also emphasizes the need to demand a new articulation between feminist theory and politics (a feminist praxis), to “name the patriarchal violence” exercised over our bodies and, in this way, “re-exist” within hostile academic and scientific fields.La pandemia mundial por COVID-19 fue el escenario trágico en el que las violencias patriarcales se evidenciaron de diferentes modos. Mientras se multiplicaban las violencias físicas, verbales, económicas y psicológicas en cada hogar, muchas mujeres y disidencias nos animábamos a denunciar las violencias perpetradas durante décadas contra nosotres al interior de las disciplinas. De esa situación, de la necesidad de encontrarnos y hablar, nació la Colectiva Feminista de la Red de Información en Arqueología y Patrimonio (RIDAP), y con ella la Serie Podcast: “Mujeres y Disidencias en las Arqueologías Sudamericanas”. Este artículo propone compartir reflexiones nacidas de esa experiencia colectiva, ofreciendo claves teórico-metodológicas feministas para problematizar las perspectivas del género en las arqueologías sudamericanas, y la necesidad de reclamar una nueva articulación entre teoría y política feminista (praxis feminista) que nos permita “nombrar las violencias patriarcales” ejercidas sobre nuestras “cuerpas” y, de este modo, “re-existir” al interior de los ámbitos académicos y científicos hostiles.