Adverse effect of graded Ciprofloxacin oral intake in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Background: Ciprofloxacin (CF) is a very popular antibiotics used for therapeutic prospects. This study was investigated to determine the effect of graded CF oral intake on lipid profile, hepato-reno, antioxidant and cardiovascular functions in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150g) were grouped into 4 equal groups. Group A; control, received 1 ml of normal saline/100g bw, group B, C and D received CF orally at 5, 10 and 20mg/kg respectively. After 7days daily treatments, blood sample was collected via retro-orbital puncture to obtain serum sample for the determination of cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were investigated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured via femoral cannulation under anesthesia using urethane and 1% α-chloralose. Results: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in CHOL in group C while TG, LDL, urea significantly reduced in groups B and C and significantly increased in group D (p<0.05). Creatinine, ALT and ALP upregulated in group D (p<0.05) while AST downregulated in groups C and D. GSH and CAT downregulated in groups B, C and D while SOD reduced significantly (p<0.05) in groups B and D. MDA downregulated in groups B and C and upregulated (p<0.05) in group D (p<0.05). BP and HR significantly increased in groups B, C and D compared with control (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that oral CF intake at 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg had no adverse effect on lipid profile, hepato-reno and antioxidant functions. However, CF at 20mg/kg may predispose to dyslipidaemia, hepato-reno dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. CF at 20mg/kg may exert a deleterious effect cardiovascular function Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, lipid profile, oxidative stress, liver, renal function, cardiovascular syste

Facilitating conditions and Perceived Security as antecedents of trust among E-banking customers in Nigeria

The purpose of this paper is to empirically discuss facilitating conditions and perceived security as major factors that influence trust among e-banking customers in Nigeria.In doing so, final data that were collected from 266 customers were analyzed using PLS-SEM (2.0).The results of the study show that facilitating conditions and perceived security significantly and positively influenced trust among the e-banking users of four major banks in Nigeria. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are presented as a guide for both academics and practitioner

From Ebola to COVID-19: emergency preparedness and response plans and actions in Lagos, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Lagos state is the industrial nerve centre of Nigeria and was the epicentre of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Nigeria as it is now for the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This paper describes how the lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak in 2014 informed the emergency preparedness of the State ahead of the COVID-19 outbreak and guided response. DISCUSSION: Following the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the Lagos State government provided governance by developing a policy on emergency preparedness and biosecurity and provided oversight and coordination of emergency preparedness strategies. Capacities for emergency response were strengthened by training key staff, developing a robust surveillance system, and setting up a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory and biobank. Resource provision, in terms of finances and trained personnel for emergencies was prioritized by the government. With the onset of COVID-19, Lagos state was able to respond promptly to the outbreak using the centralized Incident Command Structure and the key activities of the Emergency Operations Centre. Contributory to effective response were partnerships with the private sectors, community engagement and political commitment. CONCLUSION: Using the lessons learned from the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Lagos State had gradually prepared its healthcare system for a pandemic such as COVID-19. The State needs to continue to expand its preparedness to be more resilient and future proof to respond to disease outbreaks. Looking beyond intra-state gains, lessons and identified best practices from the past and present should be shared with other states and countries

From Ebola to COVID-19: emergency preparedness and response plans and actions in Lagos, Nigeria

Background Lagos state is the industrial nerve centre of Nigeria and was the epicentre of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Nigeria as it is now for the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This paper describes how the lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak in 2014 informed the emergency preparedness of the State ahead of the COVID-19 outbreak and guided response. Discussion Following the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the Lagos State government provided governance by developing a policy on emergency preparedness and biosecurity and provided oversight and coordination of emergency preparedness strategies. Capacities for emergency response were strengthened by training key staff, developing a robust surveillance system, and setting up a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory and biobank. Resource provision, in terms of finances and trained personnel for emergencies was prioritized by the government. With the onset of COVID-19, Lagos state was able to respond promptly to the outbreak using the centralized Incident Command Structure and the key activities of the Emergency Operations Centre. Contributory to effective response were partnerships with the private sectors, community engagement and political commitment. Conclusion Using the lessons learned from the 2014 Ebola outbreak, Lagos State had gradually prepared its healthcare system for a pandemic such as COVID-19. The State needs to continue to expand its preparedness to be more resilient and future proof to respond to disease outbreaks. Looking beyond intra-state gains, lessons and identified best practices from the past and present should be shared with other states and countries