Clinico-pathologic case: male with myocardiopathy and rapidly progressive cardiac failure

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 66 años, sin alergias medicamentosas conocidas. Fumó durante más de 40 años, actualmente exfumador. Sin antecedentes familiares de patología cardíaca- En diciembre de 2011 presenta disnea progresiva a los moderados- mínimos esfuerzos que le obliga a acudir en diversas ocasiones a los servicios de urgencias. Se le diagnostica de neumonía del lóbulo medio del pulmón derecho e inicia tratamiento antibiótico empírico. El paciente acude recientemente a Urgencias por edema en miembros inferiores y aumento de peso. Tras ingresar, la evolución inicial es buena y muestra mejora de la disnea y reducción del edema. Se realiza una prueba específica que proporciona el diagnóstico y se inicia el tratamiento correspondiente. El caso se presenta en el foro de las sesiones clinicopatológicas del Hospital Son EspasesThe case is that of a 66 year old male, with no known drug allergies. He is an ex smoker for over 40 years. He has no family history of heart disease. In December/2011 he present with progressive dyspnea at moderate-small efforts and is admitted several times to the ER. He is diagnosed with right middle lobe pneumonia, and an empiric antibiotic treatment is started. The patient is recently admitted to the ER for increased edema of the lower limbs and weight gain. After admission, the initial evolution is good, showing improvement of his dyspnea and reduction of the edema. An specific test is ordered that provides a diagnosis and treatment is established accordingly. The case is discussed in the context of a clinico-pathologic general session at Hospital Son Espase

Caso clínicopatológico: Varón con miocardiopatía e insufiencia cardiaca rápidamente progresiva

The case is that of a 66 year old male, with no known drug allergies. He is an ex smoker for over 40 years. He has no family history of heart disease. In December/2011 he present with progressive dyspnea at moderate-small efforts and is admitted several times to the ER. He is diagnosed with right middle lobe pneumonia, and an empiric antibiotic treatment is started. The patient is recently admitted to the ER for increased edema of the lower limbs and weight gain. After admission, the initial evolution is good, showing improvement of his dyspnea and reduction of the edema. An specific test is ordered that provides a diagnosis and treatment is established accordingly. The case is discussed in the context of a clinico-pathologic general session at Hospital Son EspasesSe presenta el caso de un varón de 66 años, sin alergias medicamentosas conocidas. Fumó durante más de 40 años, actualmente exfumador. Sin antecedentes familiares de patología cardíaca- En diciembre de 2011 presenta disnea progresiva a los moderados- mínimos esfuerzos que le obliga a acudir en diversas ocasiones a los servicios de urgencias. Se le diagnostica de neumonía del lóbulo medio del pulmón derecho e inicia tratamiento antibiótico empírico. El paciente acude recientemente a Urgencias por edema en miembros inferiores y aumento de peso. Tras ingresar, la evolución inicial es buena y muestra mejora de la disnea y reducción del edema. Se realiza una prueba específica que proporciona el diagnóstico y se inicia el tratamiento correspondiente. El caso se presenta en el foro de las sesiones clinicopatológicas del Hospital Son Espase

Prognosis of Paradoxical Low-Flow Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis : A Severe, Non-critical Form, With Surgical Treatment Benefits

To determine the risk of mortality and need for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS). A longitudinal multicentre study including consecutive patients with severe AS (aortic valve area [AVA] 35 ml/m 2) and LFLG (mean gradient < 40 mmHg, SVi ≤ 35 ml/m 2). Of 1,391 patients, 147 (10.5%) had LFLG, 752 (54.1%) HG, and 492 (35.4%) NFLG. Echocardiographic parameters of the LFLG group showed similar AVA to the HG group but with less severity in the dimensionless index, calcification, and hypertrophy. The HG group required AVR earlier than NFLG (p < 0.001) and LFLG (p < 0.001), with no differences between LFLG and NFLG groups (p = 0.358). Overall mortality was 27.7% (CI 95% 25.3-30.1) with no differences among groups (p = 0.319). The impact of AVR in terms of overall mortality reduction was observed the most in patients with HG (hazard ratio [ HR ]: 0.17; 95% CI : 0.12-0.23; p < 0.001), followed by patients with LFLG (HR : 0.25; 95% CI : 0.13-0.49; p < 0.001), and finally patients with NFLG (HR : 0.29; 95% CI : 0.20-0.44; p < 0.001), with a risk reduction of 84, 75, and 71%, respectively. Paradoxical LFLG AS affects 10.5% of severe AS, and has a lower need for AVR than the HG group and similar to the NFLG group, with no differences in mortality. AVR had a lower impact on LFLG AS compared with HG AS. Therefore, the findings of the present study showed LFLG AS to have an intermediate clinical risk profile betwee the HG and NFHG group