ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF IMPULSE COMMUTATED SOFT-SWITCHING CURRENT-FED CONVERTERS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Differentiation of lysozyme activity in the fast, slow and cardiac muscles of chick

Lysosomal activity did not vary in embryonic muscles, whereas adult posterior latissimus dorsi muscles (PLD) of the wing of White Leghorn chicks showed greater activity than adult anterior latissimus dorsi muscles (ALD)​. Cardiac muscle showed very low lysosomal activity, that of embryo as well as of adult exhibiting the same specific activity. These results suggested that lysosomal activity was initially the same in all 3 embryonic muscles but, as the skeletal muscles differentiated into the adult types, they synthesized more active lysozyme than the heart. Among the skeletal muscles, the PLD synthesized more active enzyme than the ALD. Since greater lysozyme activity implied a well-​organized lysosomal activity existing in the muscle, from the standpoint of pathophysiol. significance, it was suggested that the adult skeletal muscles had to synthesize more lysozyme for protection, whereas the embryonic muscles were well-​protected by the lysozyme of the egg albumin

Re-ethnicization of Second Generation Non-Muslim Asian Indians in the U.S.

When discussing Asian Indian population in the U.S. their economic success and scholastic achievement dominates the discourse. Despite their perceived economic and scholastic success and their status as a “model minority”, Asian Indians experience discrimination, exclusion, and marginalization from mainstream American society. These experiences of discrimination and perceived discrimination are causing second generation Asian Indians to give up on total assimilation and re-ethnicize. They are using different pathways of re-ethnicization to re-claim and to create an ethnic identity. This thesis provides evidence, through secondary sources, that Asian Indians in the U.S. do experience discrimination or perceived discrimination, and it is historic, cultural, and systemic. This thesis also uses secondary sources to explain several pathways of re-ethnicization utilized by second generation Asian Indians who have given up on complete assimilation. The process of re-ethnicization provides second generation Asian Indians agency, positionality, and placement in American society. Asian Indians through re-ethnicization occupy and embrace the margins that separate mainstream American society and the Asian Indians community in the U.S. It allows them to act as “go –betweens”

Anti-hyperglycemic compound (GII) from fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> Linn.) seeds, its purification and effect in diabetes mellitus

1111-1118An anti-hyperglycemic compound named GII was purified from the water extract of the seeds of fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) and shown to be different from trigonelline and nicotinic acid isolated earlier from the same plant. GII (50 mg/kg body weight, po) reduced blood glucose in glucose tolerance test (GTT) in the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits and significantly reduced the area under the curve (AUC) of GTT. Treatment for 7 days of the sub-diabetic rabbits with GII (50 mg/kg body weight, po) improved glucose tolerance without reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG) which was nearly normal. The results suggest that there is no risk of hypoglycemia in near normal animals (may be humans also) with abnormal GTT. Treatment of the moderately diabetic rabbits with GII (100 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks) reduced FBG to nearly normal value and improved GTT. GII was more effective than the standard drug tolbutamide. Intermittent therapy given on days 1–5, 11–15, 26–30 and 56–60 to moderately diabetic rabbits leaving in between days without treatment brought down FBG to normal and AUC during GTT was normal. After 15 days treatment with GII (100 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks) glycosylated hemoglobin came down and insulin increased to normal values in the sub-diabetic, moderately diabetic and severely diabetic rabbits. GII treatment (100 mg/kg body weight for 15 days) brought down all the altered serum lipids (TC, HDLC, TAG, PLs and FFAs) to normal levels. The results suggest that intermittent therapy, instead of daily therapy is possible and GII has good potential as an oral anti-diabetic drug with intermittent therapy

Mechanism of anti-diabetic action, efficacy and safety profile of GII purified from fenugreek (<i style="">Trigonella foenum-graceum </i>Linn.) seeds in diabetic animals

1119-1122Mechanism of action of GII (100 mg/kg body weight, po for 15 days) purified from fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) seeds was studied in the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits. In the sub-diabetic rabbits it did not change much the content of total lipids, glycogen and proteins in the liver, muscle and heart (glycogen was not studied in the heart). However, in the moderately diabetic rabbits same treatment decreased total lipids more in the liver (21%) than those in the heart and muscle. Total protein content increased (14%) in the liver but negligible change (5-7%) was observed in heart and muscle. Glycogen increased (17%) in the liver but not in the muscle of the moderately diabetic rabbits (glycogen was not estimated in the heart). Among the enzymes of glycolysis, activity of glucokinase was not affected in the liver of both the sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits. Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activity in both sub-diabetic and moderately diabetic rabbits increased (13-50%) indicating stimulation of glycolysis. The activity of gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase of the sub-diabetic rabbits decreased in the liver (15-20%) but not in the kidneys. In the moderately diabetic rabbits after treatment with GII, glucokinase in the liver was not affected much (-9%) but increased well in the muscle (40%). Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were moderately increased both in the liver and the muscle (18-23%). The gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase decreased reasonably well in the liver and kidneys (22, 32%). Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase decreased only slightly (10, 9%) in the moderately diabetic rabbits. Thus GII seems to decrease lipid content of liver and stimulate the enzymes of glycolysis (except glucokinase) and inhibit enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the liver of the diabetic especially moderately diabetic rabbits

Deacetylase activities of rHos2 and dose response curves of rHos2 inhibition by standard HDAC inhibitors: UPDATE 1

<p>Dose response curve of rHos2 enzyme inhibition by MS275: Fluorimetric deacetylase assay with rHos2 protein using Boc-Lys(ac)-AMC substrate in presence of different concentrations of MS-275.</p> <p>Dose response curve of rHos2 enzyme inhibition by SAHA: Fluorimetric deacetylase assay with rHos2 protein using Boc-Lys(ac)-AMC substrate in presence of different concentrations of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).</p> <p>Dose response curve of rHos2 enzyme inhibition by TSA: Fluorimetric deacetylase assay with rHos2 protein using Boc-Lys(ac)-AMC substrate in presence of different concentrations of trichostatin.</p> <p>rHos2 conc_Enzyme activity: Fluorimetric deacetylase assay with rHos2 protein using Boc-Lys(ac)-AMC substrate. Updated from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.841655</p

Sirtuin assay of purified Hos2 preparations using resveratrol: UPDATE 1

<p>Fluorimetric Sirtuin1 like deacetylase assay with rHos2 protein using Fluor de Lys®−Sirt1 substrate in presence of Sirtuin1 activator Reserveratrol. This experiment is carried out in presence of HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin to inhibit any residual Histone deacetylase activity. Updated from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.841658.</p

Tubulin deacetylation and rHos2 protein blots

<p>Western blot analysis of rHos2 protein polyclonal anti-sera: Western blot analysis of rHos2 protein using polyclonal antisera raised from mice.</p> <p>Tubulin Deacetylation Blot data_F1000: Western blot analysis for tubulin Deacetyation by rHos2 protein.</p