Personality profile and Stressful Life Events in Alcohol Relapse Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol dependence is characterised by craving, compulsion, primacy Of drinking over other activities and a state of neuronal adaptation leading to Physical and mental disturbances on withdrawal. One of the most important Problems in recovery from alcohol and substance abuse is relapse. Clinicians Must always realize and be aware that relapse is a distinct possibility which can Happen to anyone who is and has been dependent on alcohol. About 70 to 90% Of clients with alcohol dependence relapse within three months. (Mc Lellan Et al., 2000). Relapse can be better understood as resulting from an interaction of Client-,family-,social-, and treatment related factors. Researches into the causes Of relapse led to classifying relapse determinants into two broad categoriesintrapersonal And interpersonal determinants. Personality traits are an important Intrapersonal determinant of relapse (Sandahl C, 1984). PERSONALITY AND ALCOHOL RELAPSE Allport defined personality as “the dynamic organization within the Individual of those psychosocial systems that determine his unique adjustment To his environment”. Since long it has been hypothesized that personality bears a two way Relationship with relapse. This relationship has been a topic of continuing Debate and has led to varied and inconclusive results. Theories favouring the existence of a separate ‘alcoholic personality’ Have not stood the test of time. However persons with certain personality traits Are more prone for relapse. Neuroticism, novelty seeking, low ego strength and High ergic tension are the variables commonly associated with alcohol relapse When compared with abstaining individuals albeit inconsistently. Adherence to psychosocial interventions, coping skills, attitude towards Recovery and self perception of the ability to withstand stress are important Variables which depend heavily on personality traits of the individuals. Relapse prevention and its treatment form an integral part of Management of alcohol dependence as relapse is a part of the chronic course of The illness. Relapse prevention strategies incorporate various psycho social Interventions and specific coping skills training in the treatment modality. STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS AND ALCOHOL RELAPSE Stress is considered a major contributor to the continuation of alcohol Use as well as relapse. The notion that stressful life events can cause susceptible People to relapse to alcohol use has an intuitive appeal. Many studies that have Determined an association between substance use and stress have been unable To establish a causal relationship between the two. While theoretical and Methodological ambiguities have resulted in inconsistent empirical support of The relationship between personally experienced stress and return to drinking (Allan and Cooke, 1985; Hall et al., 1990), findings indicate that personally Threatening and chronic life stressors elevate the risk for relapse (Brown et al., 1990). Studies are inconsistent regarding the ‘tension reduction hypothesis’ Which posits that people use and relapse to alcohol in order to reduce stress. However alcohol dependent individuals frequently experience stress related to Occupational, legal, social and financial problems and negative events in their Life predicted relapse to alcohol use more than positive life events. Hence the Study of interactions between stressful life events and alcohol relapse has Widespread implications for both assessment and treatment of the patients

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ECO-FRIENDLY FACTORS THAT INSPIRE CONSUMERS' PURCHASING INTENTION IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA

This study focuses on the influence of eco-friendly factors that impacts consumer purchasing intention in Klang Valley. The population of Klang Valley is 8 million, ranked as the region in the nation with the fastest growth and highest level of development. This area has also had the most severe urbanization and environmental issues. They have been made worse by the enormous impact of unregulated expansion during the last two decades. The factors affecting consumer behaviour involving eco-friendly awareness, distribution, advertising, and packaging were scrutinized. For this study, the residents in the Klang Valley were targeted as the respondents. The convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. Questionnaires were distributed via social media. 432 responses contributed to this study's findings, discussion, and conclusion. This study revealed that eco-friendly awareness, distribution, and packaging significantly influenced the consumer's purchase intention. However, this study disclosed that eco-friendly advertising does not influence consumer purchase intention in Klang Valley, Malaysia.  Article visualizations

Organocatalytic Michael addition reactions of nitrostyrenes and application in the synthesis of selected indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids

The organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles and heteroatom nucleophiles to electron deficient nitroalkenes is an important tool for the synthesis of highly functionalized building blocks for applications in medicinal and synthetic organic chemistry. Although the enantioselective conjugate addition reactions of -nitrostyrenes are well known, the corresponding conjugate addition reactions of - nitrostyrenes are not reported. The present study examines the organocatalytic asymmetric, enamine-mediated conjugate addition reaction of aldehydes or cyclic ketones to -nitrostyrenes that were generated in situ from the corresponding nitroacetates. The details of this study are described in Chapter 2 of this thesis. The utility of the above methodology was demonstrated by application in the formal total synthesis of 4-aryl indolizidine alkaloids, (+)-lasubine II and (-)-subcosine II. The organocatalytic Michael addition of 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal to an appropriate -nitrostyrene which were generated in situ from the corresponding nitroacetate gave the key -nitroketone which was used as the starting material in the alkaloid synthesis. The details of this study are described in Chapter 3. Finally, an enantiomerically enriched -nitroketone obtained from the organocatalytic Michael addition of 1,4-cyclohexanedione monoethylene ketal to a - nitrostyrene has been utilized in the synthesis of a recently isolated indolizidine alkaloid, (+)-fistulopsine B, which is of interest due to its anticancer activity. Details of this investigation are described in Chapter 4

Stenosis in single coronary artery originating from right sinus of valsalva: asymptomatic upto sixth decade of life

Among all coronary anomalies, the prevalence of single coronary artery (SCA) originating from right sinus of Valsalva is 1.3%. Here, we report a rare case of a 60-years-old male serendipitously diagnosed with SCA originating from right aortic sinus with pre-pulmonic course of anomalous left coronary artery (LCA). His angiogram revealed 90% stenosis in distal right coronary artery with normal anomalous LCA. Thus, the patient was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention using a stent and was found stable post-procedure

An Observational study on Siddha Diagnostic Tools including Line of Treatment and Dietary Regimen in the Patients of Sileththuma Vippuruthi (Lung Cancer)

The Aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of the disease SILETHTHUMA VIPPURUTHI (Lung Cancer) with help of siddha parameters Ennvagai thervu, Manikkadai Nool, Yaakkai Ilakkanam and Panchapatchi Sasthiram, Jothidam. From Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani – 800, Sileththuma Vippuruthi is one type of Vippuruthi Noigal, characterized by cough with or without blood, weight loss, Anaemia, Frequent respiratory disorders, Fatigue, Swollen lymph nodes, Swollen face and neck, clubbing and cyanosis. The author had collected review of literature, definition, aetiology and classifications from various texts. For the clinical study 40 cases (OPD) were for the observational per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the informed consent were obtained from the patients. Case sheet proforma were maintained for 40 cases. The author took the study in his OPD under the guidance of guide and other faculties. Laboratory investigations also were carried out during the study. Ennvagai thervu, Yaakkaii lakkanam, Manikkadai nool, Jothidam and Panchapatchi sasthiram of the patients were evaluated in the study. In this study, following data were observed and discussed for the 40 cases. Among 40 cases, 18% cases had cough with blood, 83% cases had cough without blood, 63% cases had weight loss, 90% cases had anaemia, 5% cases had fatigue, 100% cases had frequent respiratory disorders, 75% cases had swollen lymph nodes, 55% cases had swollen face and neck, 33% cases had clubbing, 38% of cases were between 40 to 50 years old. 78% of cases were taking mixed diet. 50% of cases were lower class patients. 65% of cases had Melivu udalvanmai. 65% of cases were Piththa Kaba dhegi. 50% of cases were from Marutha nilam. 38% of cases came in Pinpani Kaalam. 100% of cases, Praanan (Uyir kaatru), Viyaanan (Thozhil Kaatru) and Samaanan (Niravu Kaatru) was affected. 100% of cases, Ranjagam (VannaEri Anal); Saathagam (Aatralangi Anal) was affected. 100% of cases, Avalambagam (Ali Iyyam) were affected. 100% of cases, Saaram, Senneer, Oon and Kozhuppu was affected. 75% of cases had Kaba Pithham Naadi. 80% of cases had Midhaveppam and 100% of cases had Kazhalai in Sparisam. 75% of cases had MaaPadithal present in tongue. 75% of cases had ThaazhnthaOli. 65% of cases had pale yellowish coloured urine; 83% of cases had ammonia odour urine; 75% of urine had Deposits. 70% of cases had Kaba Piththam Neikuri. 70% of cases had 7½ fbs wrist circumference. 55% of cases shows Kabam in panjapatchi saasthiram. 53% of cases shows association of guru with 6th baavagam. CONCLUSION: By this study, the cases of Sileththuma vippuruthi (lung cancer) were examined through siddha diagnostic parameters also with parallel modern diagnosis was derived through routine blood tests, routine urine tests and special investigations such as CT, PET scan, FNAC. From the measured values, 75% of Sileththuma vippuruthi could be examined through Siddha diagnostic parameters. This study would provide the documentary data of various parameters including eight fold examinations, Nei kuri, Manikkadai nool, Jothidam and Panjapatchi saasthiram to measure the occurrence and seviority of the disease. It would be helpful for the future reference and low cost effective to diagnose the lung cancer. It may encourage the future siddha physicians to rule out the diseases with the siddha diagnostic parameter itself. By diagnosing the disease it helps to treat by choosing medicines and helpful in noticing the prognosis of the disease. It shows the way of development of the Siddha medicine in diagnostic aspects