Facilitative Leadership: One Approach to Empowering Staff and Other Stakeholders

This article defines facilitative leadership as advocated by Roger Schwarz and describes the use of this relatively new leadership approach in a public library system. It lists and defines the four core values followed in Schwarz???s approach: valid information, free and informed choice, internal commitment, and compassion. It further describes the use of left-hand column cases as developed by Chris Argyris to identify one???s own theory in use. Model one and model two theories in use as developed by Argyris are discussed. The article then briefly describes the experiences of using the Schwarz principles in a library organization.published or submitted for publicatio

Urodynamic pressure sensor

A transducer system was developed for measuring the closing pressure profile along the female urethra, which provides up to five sensors within the functional length of the urethra. This new development is an improvement over an earlier measurement method that has a smaller sensor area and was unable to respond to transient events. Three sensors were constructed; one of them was subjected to approximately eight hours of use in a clinical setting during which 576 data points were obtained. The complete instrument system, including the signal conditioning electronics, data acquisition unit, and the computer with its display and printer is described and illustrated

Flush mounting of thin film sensors

Flush mounting of a sensor on a surface is provided by first forming a recessed area on the surface. Next, an adhesive bonding mixture is introduced into the recessed area. The adhesive bonding mixture is chosen to provide thermal expansion matching with the surface surrounding the recessed area. A strip of high performance polymeric tape is provided, with the sensor attached to the underside thereof, and the tape is positioned over the recessed area so that it acts as a carrier of the sensor. A shim having flexibility so that it will conform to the surface surrounding the recessed area is placed over the tape, and a vacuum pad is placed over the shim. The area above the surface is then evacuated while holding the sensor flush with the surface during curing of the adhesive bonding mixture. After such curing, the pad, shim, and tape are removed from the sensor, electrical connections for the sensor are provided, after which the remaining space in the recessed area is filled with a polymeric foam

US space flight experience. Physical exertion and metabolic demand of extravehicular activity: Past, present, and future

A review of physical exertion and metabolic demands of extravehicular activity (EVA) on U.S. astronauts is given. Information is given on EVA during Gemini, Apollo and Skylab missions. It is noted that nominal EVA's should not be overstressful from a cardiovascular standpoint; that manual-intensive EVA's such as are planned for the construction phase of the Space Station can and will be demanding from a muscular standpoint, primarily for the upper extremities; that off-nominal unplanned EVA's can be physically demanding both from an endurance and from a muscular standpoint; and that crewmembers should be physically prepared and capable of performing these EVA's at any time during the mission

Farm policy: justifications, failures and the need for reform

Agriculture ; Agricultural prices

The history of in-flight exercise in the US manned space program

A historical perspective on in-flight exercise in the U.S. manned space program is given. We have learned a great deal in the 25 years since the inception of Project Mercury. But, as we look forward to a Space Station and long-duration space flight, we must recognize the challenge that lies ahead. The importance of maintenance of the crewmember's physical condition during long stays in weightlessness is a prime concern that should not be minimized. The challenge lies in the design and development of exercise equipment and protocols that will prevent or minimize the deleterious sequelae of long-duration space flight while maximizing valuable on-orbit crew time

Practical approaches for application of resistance type strain gages on high temperature composites

Four major areas of interest with respect to utilizing strain gages on carbon/carbon (with SiC surfaces) and titanium matrix composites are addressed. Strain gage and adhesive combinations on carbon/carbon (C/C) at temperatures from minus 190 C to to 540 C, half-bridge gaging for reducing apparent strain on C/C using Poisson's ratio and bending configurations, a review of the 'field installation' techniques developed for gaging a C/C hypersonic generic elevon, and results of initial strain gaging efforts on titanium matrix composites are discussed. Current research in developing techniques for increasing the maximum temperature for strain gages on carbon/carbon are reviewed

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, studies and fishery management in Tomales Bay 1992-93, with notes on Humboldt Bay and Crescent City area landings

The 1992-93 spawning biomass estimate for Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in Tomales Bay increased for the fourth year in a row to 4,078 tons. This is the highest estimate since the 1986-87 season. The December spawning biomass total of 1,346 tons was the second highest December escapement total since surveys began in 1972-73. A total of 3.58 million m2 of eelgrass, Zostera marina, was measured in Tomales Bay this season. Eelgrass density increased in the majority of beds. The commercial catch of 222 tons was taken entirely from Tomales Bay since outer Bodega Bay was closed to herring fishing during the season. Gill net mesh size was increased to 2.125 inches from 2.0 inches this season. Herring aged 4,5, and 6 comprised 92% by number of the season's herring catch. Mean weight of herring for each age decreased while mean length for all ages combined increased slightly. Tomales Bay herring samples indicated that older year-classes, missing in commercial catch samples, were present prior to the January start of the commercial fishery. The abundance of 4-yr-old herring was low in samples from variable-mesh and commercial gill nets, indicating less than average recruitment of the 1989 year-class. In Humboldt Bay the 1992-93 season commercial herring catch totalled 28.6 tons, less than half of the 60-ton quota. Crescent City area herring fishermen nearly caught their 30-ton quota with a total of 28.5 tons landed. No spawning biomass estimate is available for the 1992-93 season for either area. (29pp.