Atomically thin three-dimensional membranes of van der Waals semiconductors by wafer-scale growth

We report wafer-scale growth of atomically thin, three-dimensional (3D) van der Waals (vdW) semiconductor membranes. By controlling the growth kinetics in the near-equilibrium limit during metal-organic chemical vapor depositions of MoS2 and WS2 monolayer (ML) crystals, we have achieved conformal ML coverage on diverse 3D texture substrates, such as periodic arrays of nanoscale needles and trenches on quartz and SiO2/Si substrates. The ML semiconductor properties, such as channel resistivity and photoluminescence, are verified to be seamlessly uniform over the 3D textures and are scalable to wafer scale. In addition, we demonstrated that these 3D films can be easily delaminated from the growth substrates to form suspended 3D semiconductor membranes. Our work suggests that vdW ML semiconductor films can be useful platforms for patchable membrane electronics with atomic precision, yet large areas, on arbitrary substrates.11Ysciescopu

Lateral approach of exploratory laparotomy through the open chest wall injury

A combined laparotomy and thoracotomy is required in a few trauma patients. The anterior approach is a standard procedure used in such cases; however, a different approach may be required. Recently, we managed a patient who presented with a crush injury to the left side of his chest with associated bowel herniation. We performed the operation with the lateral approach, and even the laparotomy was performed though the rupture wound in the diaphragm. The operation could be successfully completed without changing the patient's position or creating an additional incision. Although the patient recovered well postoperatively, lateral approach for laparotomy had some limitations. Keywords: Wounds and injuries, Laparotomy, Diaphragm, Thora

Collaborative Multi-dimensional Dataset Processing with Distributed Cache Infrastructure in the Cloud

As modern large scale systems are built with a large number of independent small servers, it is becoming more important to orchestrate and leverage a large number of distributed buffer cache memory seamlessly. Several previous studies showed that with large scale distributed caching facilities, traditional resource scheduling policies often fail to exhibit high cache hit ratio and to achieve good system load balance. A scheduling policy that solely considers system load results in low cache hit ratio, and a scheduling policy that puts more emphasis on cache hit ratio than load balance suffers from system load imbalance. To maximize the overall system throughput, distributed caching facilities should balance the workloads and also leverage cached data at the same time. In this work, we present a distributed job processing framework that yields high cache hit ratio while achieving good system load balance, the two of which are most critical performance factors to improve overall system throughput and job response time. Our framework is a component-based distributed data analysis framework that supports geographically distributed multiple job schedulers. The job scheduler in our framework employs a distributed job scheduling policy -- DEMA that considers both cache hit ratio and system load. In this paper, we show collaborative task scheduling can even further improve the performance by increasing the overall cache hit ratio while achieving load balance. Our experiments show that the proposed job scheduling policies outperform legacy load-based job scheduling policy in terms of job response time, load balancing, and cache hit ratio

Reducing the CIE colorimetric matching failure on wide color gamut displays

Color matching experiments were conducted for 11 pairs of displays, using 7 displays with different spectral characteristics. The color matching results between the LCD display and displays that have a narrowband spectrum, such as a laser projector, QLED, or OLED, demonstrated a significant color difference between two matched colors. The maximum difference was 18.52 increment E00, which indicates the white color difference between the LCD and laser projector. There was also a clear observer variability of 2.27 increment E00. The new cone fundamental function derived from 757 metameric pairs showed good performance compared to CIE standard observers reducing the display color mismatching significantly. This function also demonstrated a better performance when evaluating color matching in color chart image

EM-KDE: A locality-aware job scheduling policy with distributed semantic caches

In modern query processing systems, the caching facilities are distributed and scale with the number of servers. To maximize the overall system throughput, the distributed system should balance the query loads among servers and also leverage cached results. In particular, leveraging distributed cached data is becoming more important as many systems are being built by connecting many small heterogeneous machines rather than relying on a few high-performance workstations. Although many query scheduling policies exist such as round-robin and load-monitoring, they are not sophisticated enough to both balance the load and leverage cached results. In this paper, we propose distributed query scheduling policies that take into account the dynamic contents of distributed caching infrastructure and employ statistical prediction methods into query scheduling policy. We employ the kernel density estimation derived from recent queries and the well-known exponential moving average (EMA) in order to predict the query distribution in a multi-dimensional problem space that dynamically changes. Based on the estimated query distribution, the front-end scheduler assigns incoming queries so that query workloads are balanced and cached results are reused. Our experiments show that the proposed query scheduling policy outperforms existing policies in terms of both load balancing and cache hit ratio. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reservedclose0

Secondary Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Recognized in Operating Room in Severely Injured Patients

For trauma patients with severe shock, massive fluid resuscitation is necessary. However, shock and a large amount of fluid can cause bowel and retroperitoneal edema, which sometimes leads to abdominal compartment syndrome in patients without abdomino-pelvic injury. If other emergent operations except intraabdomen are needed, a distended abdomen is likely to be recognized late, leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Herein, we report two cases of a 23-year-old woman who was in a car accident and a 53-year old man who was pressed on his leg by a pressing machine; severe brain swelling and popliteal vessel injury were diagnosed, respectively. They were both in severe shock and massive fluid resuscitation was required in the emergency department. Distended abdomen was recognized in both the female and male patients immediately after neurosurgical operation and immediately before orthopaedic operation in the operating room, respectively. Decompressive laparotomy revealed massive ascites with retroperitoneal edema

Photoluminescence Path Bifurcations by Spin Flip in Two-Dimensional CrPS4

Ultrathin layered crystals of coordinated chromium-(III) are promising not only as two-dimensional (2D) magnets but also as 2D near-infrared (NIR) emitters due to long-range spin correlation and efficient transition between high-and low-spin excited states of Cr3+ ions. In this study, we report on the dual-band NIR photoluminescence (PL) of CrPS4 and show that its excitonic emission bifurcates into fluorescence and phosphorescence depending on thickness, temperature, and defect density. In addition to the spectral branching, the biexponential decay of PL transients, also affected by the three factors, could be well described within a three-level kinetic model for Cr(III). In essence, the PL bifurcations are governed by activated reverse intersystem crossing from the low- to high-spin states, and the transition barrier becomes lower for thinner 2D samples because of surface-localized defects. Our findings can be generalized to 2D solids of coordinated metals and will be valuable in realizing groundbreaking magneto-optic functions and devices.11Nsciescopu

The Best Prediction Model for Trauma Outcomes of the Current Korean Population: a Comparative Study of Three Injury Severity Scoring Systems

Background: Injury severity scoring systems that quantify and predict trauma outcomes have not been established in Korea. This study was designed to determine the best system for use in the Korean trauma population. Methods: We collected and analyzed the data from trauma patients admitted to our institution from January 2010 to December 2014. Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were calculated based on the data from the enrolled patients. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the prediction ability of each scoring system was obtained, and a pairwise comparison of ROC curves was performed. Additionally, the cut-off values were estimated to predict mortality, and the corresponding accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were obtained. Results: A total of 7,120 trauma patients (6,668 blunt and 452 penetrating injuries) were enrolled in this study. The AUCs of ISS, RTS, and TRISS were 0.866, 0.894, and 0.942, respectively, and the prediction ability of the TRISS was significantly better than the others (p < 0.001, respectively). The cut-off value of the TRISS was 0.9082, with a sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 92.0%; mortality was predicted with an accuracy of 91.2%; its positive predictive value was the highest at 46.8%. Conclusions: The results of our study were based on the data from one institution and suggest that the TRISS is the best prediction model of trauma outcomes in the current Korean population. Further study is needed with more data from multiple centers in Korea

Timing and Associated Factors for Sepsis-3 in Severe Trauma Patients: A 3-Year Single Trauma Center Experience

Background We hypothesized that the recent change of sepsis definition by sepsis-3 would facilitate the measurement of timing of sepsis for trauma patients presenting with initial systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Moreover, we investigated factors associated with sepsis according to the sepsis-3 definition. Methods Trauma patients in a single level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2016. Exclusion criteria were younger than 18 years, Injury Severity Score (ISS) <15, length of stay <8 days, transferred from other hospitals, uncertain trauma history, and incomplete medical records. A binary logistic regression test was used to identify the risk factors for sepsis-3. Results A total of 3,869 patients were considered and, after a process of exclusion, 422 patients were reviewed. Fifty patients (11.85%) were diagnosed with sepsis. The sepsis group presented with higher mortality (14 [28.0%] vs. 17 [4.6%], P<0.001) and longer intensive care unit stay (23 days [range, 11 to 35 days] vs. 3 days [range, 1 to 9 days], P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, in men, high lactate level and red blood cell transfusion within 24 hours were risk factors for sepsis. The median timing of sepsis-3 was at 8 hospital days and 4 postoperative days. The most common focus was the respiratory system. Conclusions Sepsis defined by sepsis-3 remains a critical issue in severe trauma patients. Male patients with higher ISS, lactate level, and red blood cell transfusion should be cared for with caution. Reassessment of sepsis should be considered at day 8 of hospital stay or day 4 postoperatively