Workplace discipline and the right to privacy.

Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.No abstract available

Measuring Regional Policy Change and Pro-Poor Health Policy Success: A PRARI Toolkit of Indicators for the Southern African Development Community (SADC)

PRARI is a social development research project that looks at world-regional social governance, politics, and policy. PRARI brings together an international team of researchers studying the scope for enhancing the effectiveness of the contributions of Southern regional organisations to poverty reduction. It receives funding from the ESRC

Monitoring Pro-Poor Health-Policy Success in the SADC Region

Policy Conclusions Monitoring pro-poor health policies at the regional level can support both the countries and the regional bodies themselves by identifying gaps in addressing poverty and health, strengthening the link between regions and member states, holding actors accountable to their commitments and identifying better mechanisms for data sharing, monitoring and evaluation of activities. In the area of health, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has conducted important work in understanding how poor health and poverty coincide, are mutually reinforcing, and socially-structured by gender, age, class, ethnicity and location, demonstrated by the key health policy documents that have been facilitated by the secretariat. Yet the time lapse between the formulation of guidelines and policies and their implementation has at times been uneven. The “Poverty Reduction and Regional Integration” (PRARI) project seeks to support the development of a monitoring system to measure the contribution of regional governance in the development of pro-poor health policies in collaboration with key stakeholders in the region. This system will build on existing efforts in the region and focus on policy areas such as the social determinants of health; HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria; non-communicable diseases; maternal and child health; human resources for health; pharmaceuticals; among others. Global developments such as those related to the incoming Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will also be considered. In order for this indicator-based monitoring system to be effective and to have an impact, it requires ‘regional ownership’, active participation of national and regional experts throughout the process of indicator development, implementation and evaluation, and evidence that it will be addressing health priorities for the region. For this, the institutional leadership from the SADC secretariat and the support from its Member States that are the main beneficiaries of the process is crucial. The strength of a regional body lies in the relevance that member-states see in it addressing their needs and managing the disparities between regional and national priorities. Monitoring existing processes would demonstrate the value-added by such integration efforts

Monitoreo del éxito de las políticas de salud en favor de los pobres en la región de la SADC

El monitoreo de las políticas de salud en favor de los pobres a nivel regional puede apoyar tanto a los países como a los organismos regionales identificando brechas en cuanto al tratamiento de la pobreza y la salud, lo cual fortalece el vínculo entre las regiones y los estados miembro; hace que los actores se responsabilicen por sus compromisos; e identifica mecanismos más eficaces para el intercambio de datos, el monitoreo y la evaluación de actividades. En el área de la salud, la Comunidad de Desarrollo de África Austral (SADC) ha llevado a cabo trabajos importantes para comprender cómo la mala salud y la pobreza coinciden, se agravan mutuamente y están estructuradas socialmente por género, edad, clase, etnia y ubicación, lo cual está demostrado por los documentos clave de políticas de salud que la Secretaría ha facilitado. Sin embargo, los plazos entre la formulación de las pautas y las políticas y su implementación han sido irregulares. El proyecto “Reducción de la pobreza e integración regional” (PRARI/REPIR) busca apoyar el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo para medir la contribución de la gobernanza regional en el desarrollo de políticas de salud en favor de los pobreza en colaboración con las partes interesadas clave de la región. Este sistema se creará sobre la base de los esfuerzos existentes en la región y se centrará en áreas de la política como los determinantes sociales de la salud; el VIH/SIDA, la tuberculosis y la malaria; las enfermedades no contagiosas; la salud maternal e infantil; los recursos humanos para la salud; los medicamentos; entre otras. Los desarrollos globales, como los relacionados con los próximos Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) también se tendrán en cuenta. Para que este sistema de monitoreo basado en indicadores sea eficaz y tenga un impacto, se requieren un “compromiso y responsabilidad regional”, una participación activa de los expertos nacionales y regionales a través del proceso de desarrollo de indicadores, una implementación y evaluación de este y pruebas de evidencia que abordará las prioridades de salud de la región. Para esto, son esenciales el liderazgo institucional de la Secretaría de la SADC y el apoyo de los estados miembro que son los beneficiarios principales del proceso. La fuerza de un organismo regional yace en la relevancia que los estados miembros ven en el abordaje de sus necesidades y en la gestión de las disparidades entre las prioridades regionales y las nacionales. El monitoreo de los procesos existentes demostraría el valor agregado de dichos esfuerzos de integración

Male Violence against Women in Botswana: A Discussion of Gendered Uncertainties in a Rapidly Changing Environment

No Abstract Available African Sociological Review 8, (1), 2004, pp. 118-13

"We are struggling" Gender, poverty and the dynamics of survival within low-income households in Botswana

grantor: University of TorontoThe examination of the characteristics of poverty and life chances, focusing on the gender of the head of the household, has been the subject of increasing academic research in recent years in developing countries. The study of domestic units primarily headed/supported by women in Botswana is of particular interest, given their exceptionally high incidence. Census and household surveys reveal that almost half of all households in Botswana are headed by women, and that a significant proportion of them fall in the lowest income categories. This study examines the causes and manifestations of poverty among female-headed households in Botswana. At the macro-level, the analysis of secondary sources assessed the manifestations of gender inequality and poverty within the context of economic and cultural change. The empirical study was situated at the micro-level, investigating the implications of household organisation and individual gender relations of economic production and social reproduction on the life chances of women and their dependants. The study was conducted within a pool of low-income female and male headed/supported households in a rural village and the Capital City, comparing similarities and differences in their composition, sources of income and survival strategies employed by women and men within them. The discussions with women and men pointed to the complexity of domestic organisation and the significance of gender hierarchies that are often obscured by focusing on discrete notions of 'household' and'headship', and economic measures, of poverty. The findings show that while poverty among households that are primarily supported by women may be due to high age dependency ratios and the paucity of income earners, it is also due to the contradictory implications of the social construction of gender, and relations of extra-marital parenting in contemporary Botswana.Ph.D

LIMING FOR IMPROVED NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND WEED MANAGEMENT

Major yield setbacks due to invasive weed species population and soil acidity have been recorded in various regions of the United States. Estimated yield loss due to weed competition was approximately 12.3% in the Pacific Northwest. Similarly, it is estimated that there is a 40 to 70% reduction in yield when small grains are grown on acidic soils worldwide. One way to simultaneously improve the productivity of Idaho soils while increasing crop competitiveness is through liming. Agricultural lime applications increase soil pH which may improve crop competitiveness and make soil conditions unsuitable for certain weed species. Lime requirement (LR) analyses can be performed by reacting varying concentrations of lime with soil to provide calibrated equations for estimating how much lime is required to increase the pH of that soil to the desired level. Unfortunately, no known calibration testing has been conducted using soils from southern Idaho. The current University of Idaho and soil testing lab lime recommendations are based on testing mostly done in the 1980s on soils from Midwestern states, Washington, and northern Idaho. These calibrations do not reflect the climate or chemical and physical properties of acidic and trending acidic soils in southern Idaho. The overall aim for this paper was to evaluate the effect of liming acidic soils on soil properties, crop growth, and weed density, and b) to develop lime requirement equations for Idaho soils using lab incubations and field trial results. Generally, linear soil pH and Al responses were observed to lime rates, but there were no recorded significant effects on grain quality metrics or weed growth. Sikora (R2=0.99) and the Adams-Evans buffer (R2=0.92 to 0.97) methods were best suited for predicting the LR for Idaho soils compared to the calcium hydroxide buffer method (R2=0.02 to 0.11). The insights gained from this thesis on the potential benefits of lime application can be of great value to farmers and other stakeholders in Idaho's agricultural industry who seek to optimize crop yield and improve soil health.masters, M.S., Plant Sciences -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2023-0