Unemployed and scarred for life? : Longitudinal Analyses of How Unemployment and Policy Changes Affect Re-employment Careers and Wages in the Netherlands, 1980-2000

Ganzeboom, H.B.G. [Promotor]Bruijn, J.G.M. de [Promotor]Mills, M.M. [Copromotor

Retrenchments in unemployment insurance benefits and wage inequality: Longitudinal evidence from the Netherlands, 1985–2000

This study includes retrenchments in unemployment insurance (UI) benefits as an understudied mechanism to investigate possible explanations for wage inequality in the labor market. Using longitudinal data from the Dutch Labor Supply Panel (OSA) over the period 1985-2000, and adopting a quasi-experimental design, we not only extend current research by asking if restrictive changes in UI benefits affect re-employment wages, but also explore variation by the level, and eligibility conditions of UI benefits across gender and over time. Results from a series of fixed-effects models show that lower and shorter UI benefits lead to persisting wage inequalities over time. When investigating whether wage penalties vary across gender, we find that women experience the largest penalties. These findings provide evidence that these particular types of restrictions in UI benefits have likely increased rather than decreased wage inequalities between men and women. © 2011 The Author 2011

Het effect van werk op de criminele carrière van jeugdige zedendelinquenten

In this paper delinquent development from age 12 to 29 of 498 juvenile sex offenders is analyzed. Fixed and random effects models are used to determine the effect of employment and of the stability of employment on the criminal career. We first show that juvenile sex offenders have limited access to the labor market, with stagnating participation rates from age 25 on, many different and short contracts. In spite of this, employment reduces offending, and having stable employment has an additional reducing effect on crime. We also looked at three types of sex offenders (child abusers, peer abusers and group offenders), who have a different background and for whom therefore effects could differ. We found no difference for offender types in the effect of employment on offending. The effects of employment stability, however, were due to only child abusers experiencing significant effects of continuity. We conclude that for juvenile sex offenders employment impacts similarly on offending as was found in previous studies among high-risk groups. Met behulp van een fixed- en random-effectsmodel onderzochten wij het effect van werk op de criminele carrière van 498 jeugdige zedendelinquenten van 12 tot gemiddeld bijna 29 jaar. Wij laten allereerst zien dat de transities van jeugdige zedendelinquenten naar de arbeidsmarkt beperkt zijn: vanaf 25 jaar stagneert participatie, en veel jeugdige zedendelinquenten werken in wisselende en korte contracten. Desondanks vonden wij zowel voor het hebben als voor de continuïteit van een baan een significant remmend effect op delinquentie. Gezien de verschillen in probleemachtergrond onderzochten wij vervolgens of deze effecten verschillen voor diverse typen zedendelinquenten (kindmisbruiker, leeftijdgenootmisbruiker en groepsdader). Wij vonden dat de effecten niet verschilden. Het additioneel dempend effect van werkcontinuïteit werd alleen gevonden bij de kindmisbruikers: bij deze groep zien we dat de kans op criminaliteit bij langere contractduur verder afneemt. Wij concluderen dat - net als in andere hoogrisicogroepen - werk bij jeugdige zedendelinquenten een remmend effect heeft op de criminele carrière

Market Research

This book introduces market research, using commonly used quantitative techniques such as regression analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. These statistical methods have generated findings that have significantly shaped the way we see the world today. Unlike most market research books, which use SPSS (we’ve been there!), this book uses Stata. Stata is a very popular statistical software package and has many advanced options that are otherwise difficult to access. It allows users to run statistical analyses by means of menus and directly typed commands called syntax. This syntax is very useful if you want to repeat analyses or find that you have made a mistake. Stata has matured into a user-friendly environment for statistical analysis, offering a wide range of features

Dual-Parent Joblessness, Household Work and Its Moderating Role on Children's Joblessness as Young Adults

Using data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we examine whether living in jobless families where parents devote more time to household work shields children against their own joblessness in the future. We draw on a representative sample of young adults who were aged between 4 and 17 years in 2001 and lived with both parents through to 2007 (N = 1,852). A series of mixed-effect regression models suggest that dual-parent joblessness is associated with an increase in families’ overall household production..

The cumulative disadvantage of unemployment: Longitudinal evidence across gender and age at first unemployment in Germany

Unemployment is an important predictor of one’s future employment success. Yet, much about the endurance of unemployment effects on workers’ careers remains poorly understood. Our study complements this knowledge gap by examining the rate of recovery in the quality of careers following an unemployment spell among a representative sample of previously unemployed workers with different socio-demographic characteristics in Germany. We apply a new dynamic measure that quantifies the quality of binary sequences, distinguishing between “good” (i.e., employment) from “bad” labor force status activities (i.e., unemployment and inactivity). We use longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) before the Great Financial Recession over the period 1984–2005 and deploy a series of hybrid models that control for unobserved heterogeneity. We find a non-linear recovery process after unemployment across gender and age groups. That is, after a period of recovery, career quality worsens. Least impacted are men experiencing unemployment when aged between 25–34 years, while men 55–66 have rather stable, though stronger, penalties. Furthermore, we find that recovery processes are contingent upon when respondents experience unemployment

The gendered consequences of unemployment insurance reforms

This study examines whether a series of unemployment insurance benefit reforms that took place over a 20-year period in the Netherlands had a gendered effect on the duration of unemployment and labor market outcomes. Using longitudinal data from the Dutch Labor Supply Panel (OSA) over the period 1980-2000, and adopting a quasi-experimental design, we test whether seemingly 'gender neutral' institutional reforms result in a structural disadvantage for women in particular. Our results demonstrate a striking gender similarity in terms of shorter unemployment durations and ultimately less favorable labor market outcomes (lower occupational class, lower wage, part-time and temporary contracts) among both men and women affected by these reforms. Findings also indicate that disadvantaged groups (older and low-skilled female workers) are the most likely to experience a negative effect from state interventions. These findings provide support for the long-term gains of unemployment benefits and their role in operating as "bridges" to better employment. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. All rights reserved