Prison of Nations? An Examination of the Ideological Roots of Contemporary Ethiopia\u27s Nationality Policy

Modern Ethiopia has a long history of ethnic/nationalist ideology incorporated into its political structure. Being a post-Soviet state, Ethiopia has been influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideas concerning nationalism and national identity as well as the unique history and political conditions of Ethiopia itself. This paper seeks to examine the ideological roots of modern Ethiopia following the 1991 revolution by the EPRDF and the subsequent institution of Ethnic Federalism through the lens of comparative politics

The Dixie Mission, Patrick J. Hurley, and America\u27s Diplomatic Failure in China, 1944-45

This paper examines the American diplomatic effort in China in 1944-45 including the attempts at military coordination with Chiang Kai-shek\u27s Nationalist government as well as the Dixie Mission, which was the first official American contact with the Chinese Communist Party. I argue that the personalities of the American diplomats, the structural issues endemic to the China-Burma-India Theater, the fractured and complex Chinese political situation, and the lack of clear and rational foreign policy on China all culminated in the diplomatic efforts failing. While acknowledging the numerous contributing factors that led to diplomatic failure, this paper also suggests ways in which negotiations could have been more productive

Eduarda Mansilla’s Mestizo Argentina: Orphanhood, Transnationalism, and Race in \u3ci\u3eLucía Miranda\u3c/i\u3e (1860)

The first known writing of the Lucía Miranda legend, a story of Argentine national origins, dates to 1612 with a work by Spanish soldier Ruy Díaz de Guzmán. Though apparently fictional, the episode appears as a chapter in an otherwise fact-based account of early European activity in the River Plate region known as La Argentina manuscrita.1 Later writers reworked the legend in their own ways, adapting it to the circumstances of their own historical moment, but the consistent points of the storyline focus on irremediable interethnic conflict: Lucía was a young, virtuous Spanish woman who accompanied her husband on an early expedition to the area, around 1532; she is kidnapped by the indigenous people, whose chief falls in love with her; she and her husband refuse to renounce their marital vows and die tragically as martyrs to conjugal love. The legend, highlighting the exchange of women in what Mary Louise Pratt calls the “contact zone,” where two cultures meet in an unequal relationship of power, keeps the point of view firmly on the side of the white settlers and what they considered their moral imperative to colonize indigenous spaces.2 María Rosa Lojo points out that “[e]l relato atribuye las causas de la Guerra interétnica (guerra de conquista, por la ocupación de suelo) a la pelea entre varones por una mujer” (32).3 The legend also functions as an attempt at justification for white, creole society’s occupation of collectively-held indigenous lands, with women’s bodies standing in as a metaphor of the territory to be usurped and dominated.

Automated Data Type Identification and Localization Using Statistical Analysis Data Identification

This research presents a new and unique technique called SÁDI, statistical analysis data identification, for identifying the type of data on a digital device and its storage format based on data type, specifically the values of the bytes representing the data being examined. This research incorporates the automation required for specialized data identification tools to be useful and applicable in real-world applications. The SÁDI technique utilizes the byte values of the data stored on a digital storage device in such a way that the accuracy of the technique does not rely solely on the potentially misleading metadata information but rather on the values of the data itself. SÁDI provides the capability to identify what digitally stored data actually represents. The identification of the relevancy of data is often dependent upon the identification of the type of data being examined. Typical file type identification is based upon file extensions or magic keys. These typical techniques fail in many typical forensic analysis scenarios, such as needing to deal with embedded data, as in the case of Microsoft Word files or file fragments. These typical techniques for file identification can also be easily circumvented, and individuals with nefarious purposes often do so

Mathematical Functions: An Interactive eModule

The National Library of Virtual Manipulatives (NLVM, http://nlvm.usu.edu/) is a widely used and highly praised teaching/learning resource for school mathematics. The NLVM is the result of a four-year USU project, funded primarily by the National Science Foundation, Award #9819107, to create a web-based, freely accessible, library of interactive virtual manipulatives to help students learn basic mathematics concepts. During a typical school day, the NLVM server receives more than 3 million hits

The Fate and Composition of In-Stream Organic Carbon

The northern peatlands cover only 3% of the Earth, and store between 20 and 30% of the terrestrial carbon pool. In the UK, 15% of the land is covered in peatland, which is estimated to store 2.3 Pg of carbon. Recently, a trend of increasing DOC concentrations in surface waters has been observed in the northern hemisphere, and the in-stream processing and degradation of DOC to CO2 could represent a major and increasing source of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. This thesis measured net DOC loss in unfiltered river water samples across different catchment scales, ranging from 0.005 to 1086 km2, with the peat content varying from 0 to 100%, and over time scales from 30 hours to 10 days. Experiments were carried out monthly for three years, and considered total loss, photo and aphotic degradation and the rate of each process. The composition of DOC and various source materials was analysed. There was a clear diurnal cycle in the degradation of DOC, with the rates of decline being much higher during the day and lower over night. The initial rates of DOC degradation were higher in source waters than from large downstream sites. Adding nutrients to the water decreased the initial rate, whereas exposing the water to light increased the rate, compared with water kept in the dark. The apparent quantum yield and activation energy of the degradation were calculated. The initial rate of DOC degradation was found to be related to the oxidation state of the material, with samples that were more reduced being degraded faster. The total DOC loss was estimated to be 76%, which equates to a loss of up to 14678 Gg CO2eq/yr from UK peat-covered catchments, which is 2.5% of the UK total GHG emissions, or 0.7% of the global CO2 emissions from inland waters

Rochester in Support of Everyone Focus Group Summaries and List of Resources.

Prepared in partnership with Rochester Diversity Council by the Community Assistantship Program (CAP) administered by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota

Our Buddies, Ourselves: The Role of Sexual Homophily in Adolescent Friendship Networks

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147776/1/cdev13052_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147776/2/cdev13052.pd

Gettysburg College Sustainability Proposal

In the fall of 2011, the Environmental Studies capstone class led by Professor Rutherford Platt was asked to write Gettysburg College’s first Sustainability Plan. The goal of the plan was to develop specific sustainable practices for the campus that were related to the three pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental, and how integrating diligent sustainable practices into each of these respected pillars will result in a more conscious campus, community, and future. In 2010, Gettysburg College turned to the Sustainability Tracking Assessment and Rating System (STARS) to quantify the institution’s sustainability efforts, providing a self-check mechanism to encourage sustainability applications to all aspects of the College. The American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment was signed in 2007 by former Gettysburg College President Katherine Haley Will, declaring that Gettysburg College would become carbon neutral by 2032. Gettysburg College has made large strides in the search for sustainability, and aims to continue its dedication to furthering sustainable practice. The following plan outlines the six priority areas identified by the Capstone class: progress of the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment, Dining Services, campus green space, community outreach, integration of sustainability into the Gettysburg College Curriculum, and the Sustainability Advisory Committee. The first priority area identified was monitoring and upholding the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). Though creating new sustainability initiatives on campus is the driving force towards an increasingly sustainable college and community, it is imperative that these goals be carried out in full to maximize beneficial returns. In order to reach carbon neutrality, Gettysburg College hopes to increase energy efficiency in buildings, incorporate renewable energy sources on campus, and mitigate remaining emissions through the purchase of carbon offsets. To further the College’s progress, it is proposed that Gettysburg College continue its energy-efficient appliance purchasing policy, as well as create a policy to offset all greenhouse gas emissions generated by air travel for students study abroad. As stated by the ACUPCC, a Sustainability Committee should take responsibility for the updates and progress reports required to meet the goal of carbon neutrality. The second priority area identified was sustainability in Dining Services. Gettysburg College is home to 2,600 students, all of whom require three full meals a day. Dining Services accounts for a large fraction of Gettysburg College’s sustainability efforts, already implementing sustainability through composting, buying local produce, and using biodegradable products. The proposed on-campus sales cuts of non-reusable to-go items, a change in campus mentality on food waste, and improved composting practices will translate to an increasingly sustainable campus, as well as a well-fed campus body. The third priority was maintaining green space on campus. Ranked as the 23rd most beautiful campus in the United States by The Best Colleges, Gettysburg College utilizes campus green space to create an atmosphere that is conducive to activity as well as tranquility. The plan proposes that Gettysburg College and its grounds facilities continue their exceptional efforts, focusing on increasing the use of the student garden, creating a new rain garden or social area on campus, and converting unnecessary parking lots into green space. As these additions are completed, they must be introduced to the student body and faculty alike to assure these areas are known and utilized. The fourth priority was utilizing community outreach to spread awareness of sustainability initiatives on and off campus. To connect the sustainability-geared changes proposed in this plan, community outreach at Gettysburg College is assessed to estimate how well these initiatives are communicated and promoted to both potential and enrolled students, faculty, and other concerned parties. To evaluate the efficiency of communication at Gettysburg College, a quantitative assessment is presented to measure the ease of finding the sustainability webpage, the quality of sustainability-related topics available on the webpage, and quality of webpage design. The webpage is in need of improved text to image ratios, locations of sustainability topics, and data displays. Despite not having a link to the sustainability webpage on the Gettysburg College homepage, sustainability events should be covered and presented on the rotational news feed found on the homepage to maximize outreach to interested parties or simply to add to the definition of Gettysburg College. The fifth priority was integrating sustainability into the Curriculum to build a culture on campus that values academic rigor, supports students as they cultivate intellectual and civic passions, and promotes the development of healthy social relationships and behaviors. The proposed Sustainability Committee on Sustainability in the Curriculum (SCC) will hold sustainability workshops for faculty with the aim to instill sustainability into all academic disciplines, providing all Gettysburg graduates with a means to approach their professional careers in a fashion that is conscious of sustainability. The sixth and last priority was the Sustainability Advisory Committee. Established in 2007, the Sustainability Advisory Committee is currently under review, but it is recommended that the committee restructure itself in accordance with the new Sustainability Committee Bylaws. These bylaws aim to define the purposes, membership, governance, and involvement with the college. With a clearly defined set of goals and methodology, the Sustainability Advisory Committee will be able to improve the solidarity of the sustainability movement on campus as a whole. By following the propositions laid out in the Gettysburg College Sustainability Plan, the student body, faculty, and community alike will become a part of a multi-faceted progression toward a more sustainable future

Incorporating Nutrition Education Classes into Food Pantry Settings: Lessons Learned in Design and Implementation

The project reported here evaluated the effectiveness of nutrition education at food pantries. We offer best practices for future Extension-based nutrition programming with this clientele. Three classes were offered at food pantries through the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Entry and exit surveys were collected for each series, including 24-hour food recalls. Seventy-three percent of participants reported an increase in vegetable consumption, and 82% reported positive changes in consumption of at least one food group. Nutrition education in food pantries is promising, particularly for Extension-led programs like SNAP-Ed and EFNEP, to address nutrition behaviors among food insecure populations