Trajetória de crescimento para microempreendedores: diferencial de gênero dos clientes do programa crediamigo

Resumo Os programas de microcrédito vêm se expandindo em diversos países como alternativa para inserção produtiva dos microempreendedores de baixa renda. Na maioria dos casos, os programas possuem um viés na alocação dos empréstimos em favor das mulheres, assumindo que estas absorvem os compromissos de pagamentos como o fazem com suas responsabilidades familiares e sociais. Desta forma, as mulheres microempreendedoras teriam trajetórias de crescimento mais conservadoras. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se existe uma trajetória de crescimento para esse tipo de clientela, e se ela é diferenciada em relação ao gênero. Para isto, estimam-se equações de crescimento para os microempreendimentos dos clientes do Programa Crediamigo para o período de 2005 a 2009. Utilizam-se modelos lineares de efeitos mistos, como proposto por Rabe-Hesketh e Skrondal (2012). Os resultados mostram que existe uma trajetória de crescimento, mas com retornos decrescentes. Adicionalmente, as taxas médias de retorno são um pouco maiores para os homens; porém as mulheres possuem menores riscos em suas trajetórias

Marine and coastal environmental education in the context of global climate changes - synthesis and subsidies for ReBentos (Coastal Benthic Habitats Monitoring Network)

Abstract As changes in coastal and marine environments are expected to negatively affect Brazilian ecosystems, the importance of Marine Environmental Education (MEE) comes to the fore. However, so far only 32 contributions related to this issue have been published in Brazil. The MEE workgroup of ReBentos aims at promoting EE and the communication of marine ecological research to the scholastic public as a whole, as well as to groups which exert an influence on general perception, such as the media, politicians, and scientists. This paper presents an overview of the initiatives of MEE in Brazil, with emphasis on the ReBentos projects and guidelines. The conceptual background of action is based on the Rio'92 Treaty on Environmental Education, thereby implying an MEE with Transdisciplinar, emancipatory and reflexive characteristics, directed to changes in values, principles and attitudes. During the period 2011 to 2015, 10 projects were developed from Alagoas to Santa Catarina States, involving the development, implementation and testing through scientific research of 16 MEE activity-models. The didactic material subsequently produced comprised three books and 21 book-chapters. A public of around 6,500 Conservation Unit visitors, 250 public school teachers and 800 high school students have been impacted to date. To act as monitors and multipliers, 250 undergraduate students and professionals were trained. Research project evaluation generated the publication of nine papers. As a further step, the need for protocol elaboration for each model is placed in evidence, in order to direct and facilitate future initiatives