Volatile profiles of sparkling wines obtained by three extraction methods and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis

8 pages, 1 figure.Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and closed-loop stripping analysis (CLSA) show great capacity for organic compound extraction. Here we used these techniques to obtain and characterize a wide range of volatile compounds from aged cava sparkling wine. We also explored the potential application of head space-solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) to determine the distinctive volatile compounds of aged cava as this technique is a common extraction method in quality flavour control. For SDE, 50 mL of cava were extracted with pentane/dichloromethane during 4 h in a Likens–Nickerson (LN) extraction apparatus; while for CLSA, 25 mL of cava were stirred during 1 h into a CLSA apparatus with an adsorbent trap of granulated activated carbon. HS-SPME was performed at 35ºC using 2 ml of sample for 30 min. The 20-mm SPME fibber was coated with a 50/30-lm layer of divinylbenzene–carboxen–polydimethylsiloxane (DVB–CAR–PDMS). All the extraction methods were followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. SDE and CLSA allowed the identification of 84 volatile compounds. Almost 40% of the volatiles from these two techniques were obtained by HS-SPME. Moreover, here we provide the first description of several tentatively identified compounds such as lilial, octanal, 2-octanone, isopropyl disulfide, methylthiophen-3-one, a-amyl-cinnamaldehyde, ethyl 2-furancarboxylate, 2-acetylfuran, and 5-methylfurfural in cava.We are grateful to Segura Viudas S.A., Castellblanch S.A. and Freixenet S.A. wineries for providing samples. This study was made possible thanks to financial assistance from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) (Spain) AGL2005-03451, from Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain), Project 2005SGR-00156 and through a Grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya to the PhD student J. Bosch-Fusté.Peer reviewe

Validación de una versión reducida en español del cuestionario de actividad física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota

Fundamentos: con el fin de disponer de una versión breve y en españoldel Cuestionario de Actividad Física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota (CAFM) para poder utilizarlo en atención primaria, el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la elaboración de la versión reducida (VREM) y su validación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de validación del cuestionario, realizada en cinco centros de Atención Primaria de Barcelona. Se seleccionaron 200 sujetos igual o mayores de 50 años que consultaron por cualquier motivo, con una distribución por edad y sexo similar a la de la población de Cataluña . Dos fases: primera, se construyó el VREM mediante reducción del número de ítems. Segunda, se evaluó su validez de criterio respecto al CAFM (referencia) y la fiabilidad test-retest mediante el índice kappa y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: Los 6 ítems incluidos en el VREM fueron: caminar, trabajar el huerto, hacer deporte o bailar, subir escaleras, ir a comprar a pie y limpiar la casa. La duración de la entrevista mediante el VREM fue de 5 minutos (desviación estándar 2). La validez de criterio entre ambos cuestionarios, usando 4 categorías de actividad física, fue del 95,5% (kappa=0,93). La fiabilidad test-retest del cuestionario fue del 92,5% (kappa=0,88). Usando un resultado continuo en forma de metabolic energy turnover (MET) el VREM también mostró una alta validez y fiabilidad (CCI=0,95 y CCI=0,96 respectivamente). Conclusiones: La versión reducida del CAFM es válida y fiable en población mayor o igual a 50 años

Effects of Physical Activity Interventions in the Elderly with Anxiety, Depression, and Low Social Support: A Clinical Multicentre Randomised Trial

The percentage of older people is increasing worldwide. Loneliness and anxious–depressive states are emerging health conditions in this population group, and these conditions give rise to higher morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) and social relationships have been linked to physical and mental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a 4-month programme of moderate PA in a group would improve the emotional state, levels of social support, and quality of life in a sample of individuals >64 years of age. A multicentre randomised clinical trial was designed in primary care. Ninety (90) participants were selected. After the intervention, there were positive differences between the groups, with significant improvements in the intervention group (IG) in depression, anxiety, health status perception, and social support. Walking in a group two days per week for 4 months reduced clinical depression and anxiety by 59% and 45%, respectively. The level of satisfaction was very high, and adherence was high. In conclusion, the moderate group PA programme improved clinical anxiety, depression, social support, and perceptions of health status in the patients studied