Relationship between quality of work life and job satisfaction in the primary health care team

Artículo original[ES] Introducción: Los funcionarios de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) enfrentan altas demandas laborales y no siempre cuentan con las mejores condiciones de trabajo, lo que podría incidir en su Calidad de Vida Laboral (CVL) y Satisfacción Laboral (SL). Ambos constructos, se encuentran relacionados con la calidad de atención prestada y satisfacción del usuario de APS. Objetivo: Relacionar las dimensiones de CVL y SL en el equipo de APS.Material y Método: Estudio correlacional de corte transversal, en una muestra de 71 individuos. Se aplicaron las escalas “CVT–GOHISALO” y S20/23. Se realizaron análisis de correlación y modelo de regresión lineal múltiple usando SPSS v.15.0.Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta principalmente por mujeres con antigüedad laboral < 5 años, que desempeñaron funciones asistenciales. La correlación evidenció que todas las dimensiones de CVL se relacionaron con las dimensiones de la SL. La regresión lineal múltiple mostró que la seguridad en el trabajo y la satisfacción con el puesto de trabajo se encontraron asociadas significativamente con la SL global del equipo de APS. Conclusión: Las dimensiones de la CVL se relacionan directamente con las dimensiones de SL, y dos constructos de CVL se asociaron significativamente con la SL global del equipo de APS. [EN] Introduction: Primary Health Care (PHC) functionaries face high job demands and do not always have the best working conditions, which could affect their Quality of Work Life (QWL) and Job Satisfaction (JS). Both constructs are related to the quality of care provided and satisfaction of the PHC user. Objective: To relate the dimensions of QWL and JS in the PHC team.Methodology: Cross-sectional correlational study, in a sample of 71 individuals. The “CVT – GOHISALO” and S20 / 23 scales were applied. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were performed using SPSS v.15.0. Results: The sample consisted mainly of women with <5 years of employment, who executed care functions. The correlation showed that all the QWL dimensions were related to the JS dimensions. Multiple linear regression showed that job security and job satisfaction were significantly associated to the overall JS of the PHC team. Conclusions: QWL dimensions are directly related to JS dimensions, and two QWL constructs were significantly associated to the overall JS of the PHC team.N

Leadership style in nursing professionals within a public healthcare system

Artículo original[ES] Introducción: El liderazgo implica influir, motivar y organizar a otros para alcanzar metas y objetivos de manera efectiva. En el ámbito de la salud, se requiere enfermeros líderes flexibles que fomenten la participación en la toma de decisiones y conduzcan discusiones. Objetivo: Identificar el estilo de liderazgo de los profesionales de enfermería del sector público de la región de Ñuble, 2022.Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra fueron 62 enfermeros el sector público de la región de Ñuble Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y otro que describe la conducta del supervisor elaborado por investigadores de la Universidad de Ohio. Fue autorizado por el Comité Ético Científico de la Universidad Adventista de Chile. Se aplicaron frecuencias absolutas y tablas dinámicas en Microsoft Excel. Resultados: El estilo de liderazgo predominante es delegar, con un 33,9 %, y el menos utilizado es dirigir, con un 14,5 %. La muestra fue constituida mayoritariamente por mujeres de 23 a 33 años que realizan trabajo diurno y presentan una alta motivación laboral. Conclusiones: Se notó un predominio del liderazgo delegativo, posiblemente relacionado con el nivel de madurez de los profesionales de enfermería, destacando que este estilo está estrechamente ligado al nivel más bajo de ma-durez, como se evidencia en la muestra mayoritaria de individuos de 23 a 33 años. [EN] Introduction: Leadership involves influencing, motivating, and organizing others to achieve goals and objectives effectively. In the healthcare field, flexible nursing leaders are required to encourage participation in decision-mak-ing and lead discussions.Objective: To identify the leadership style of nursing professionals in the public sector of the Ñuble region in 2022. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 62 nurses in the public sector of the Ñuble region. A sociodemographic questionnaire and another describing supervisor behavior, developed by re-searchers from the University of Ohio, were administered. The study was authorized by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Adventist University of Chile. Absolute frequencies and pivot tables were applied using Microsoft Excel. Results: The predominant leadership style is delegation, at 33.9%, and the least used is directing, at 14.5%. The sample consisted mainly of women aged 23 to 33 who work during the day and exhibit high work motivation. Conclusions: A predominance of delegative leadership was observed, possibly related to the maturity level of nurs-ing professionals. This style is closely linked to the lowest level of maturity, as evidenced by the majority of individ-uals in the sample aged 23 to 33.N

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en adultos mayores diabéticos tipo 2 y sus factores asociados

Resumen: Los adultos mayores diabéticos tienen condiciones y necesidades que requieren de mayor atención. Un factor importante en el control de esta enfermedad es el tratamiento farmacológico. Identificar la adherencia al tratamiento y sus factores asociados es fundamental para orientar a los equipos de salud en la planificación de estrategias que promuevan el mejoramiento del control metabólico. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y sus factores asociados en adultos mayores con diabetes tipo 2. Estudio transversal. Se aplicó el test Morisky Green, el cuestionario de Apoyo Familiar al diabético y APGAR familiar. Conclusión: El tratamiento farmacológico es influenciado por factores sociodemográficos que permiten caracterizar a este tipo de sujetos y desarrollar estrategias para su mejor control y monitoreo en el tiempo