New record of Phaeocollybia jennyae in Spain

Phaeocollybia jennyae (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycetes) was found in Spain growing in a Fagus sylvatica forest in Catalonia. The species is known to inhabit northern Europe, but it don't had been recorded fi-om Spain yet. A description and illustrations of the catalan material is presented. The type collection from Finnland, as well as two samples collected by P. Karsten, were also studied. The microscopic observations on these collections are included.Phaeocollybia jennyae (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycetes) fue encontrada en Cataluña en un bosque de Pagos sylvatica. La especie es conocida en distintas localidades de Europa pero no había sido registrada en la Península lberica. Se presenta una descripción e ilustraciones de la recolección catalana. También se incluyen observaciones del estudio microscópico efectuado sobre el ejemplar tipo procedente de Finlandia, así como de dos muestras recolectadas por P. Karsten

New record of Phaeocollybia jennyae in Spain

Phaeocollybia jennyae (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycetes) fue encontrada en Cataluña en un bosque de Pagos sylvatica. La especie es conocida en distintas localidades de Europa pero no había sido registrada en la Península lberica. Se presenta una descripción e ilustraciones de la recolección catalana. También se incluyen observaciones del estudio microscópico efectuado sobre el ejemplar tipo procedente de Finlandia, así como de dos muestras recolectadas por P. Karsten.Phaeocollybia jennyae (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycetes) was found in Spain growing in a Fagus sylvatica forest in Catalonia. The species is known to inhabit northern Europe, but it don't had been recorded fi-om Spain yet. A description and illustrations of the catalan material is presented. The type collection from Finnland, as well as two samples collected by P. Karsten, were also studied. The microscopic observations on these collections are included

Nota sobre Phaeocollybia (Agaricales) de España

Note on Pliaeocollybia (Agaricales) from Spain. Phaeocollybia lugubris (Fr.) Heim is reported from northem Spain. It occurs in forests of Fagus sylvatica L. from Catalonia and Quema Robur L. from País Vasco. These reports are the most southem known for this species in Europe. A complete description of the species is presented.Se estudian colecciones de Phaeocollybia lugubris (Fr.) Heim del norte de España, procedentes de bosques de Fagus svlvatica L. en Cataluña y de Quercus robur L. del País Vasco. La presencia de la especie en España amplia el conocimiento de su distribución en Europa. Se ilustra, y se presenta una descripción completa

Actualización de la circunscripción taxonómica de Tricholoma mesoamericanum que incluye a Tricholoma colposii (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae)

Background and Aims: The species recorded in Mexico (state of Veracruz) in the 1980s as “Tricholoma magnivelare” (or under its synonym, T. ponderosum) changed over the years from being a fungus not considered to be edible in this country, to a subject of international commercialization when Asian sellers became aware of its occurrence in Mexico and for its relationship with the group of T. matsutake. The collections supporting these previous records from different regions of the country (and identified under the same name) were studied only morphologically. Based on morphological and molecular information (ITS), T. mesoamericanum was described from Oaxaca state (southern Mexico) (type), while T. colposii was more recently described from Veracruz state, both related to the group of species around T. matsutake. The aim of this study was to determine, with morphological characters and sequences (ITS) obtained from fresh samples, the taxonomic identity of specimens morphologically resembling those species.Methods: Field work was carried out during 2009 and 2018 in two Pinus-forested sites in the states of Puebla and Veracruz (eastern Mexico). Fruit bodies acquired in a popular market in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, were also studied. Measurements, color and the morpho-anatomical and organoleptic characteristics of the samples were recorded. DNA extraction, PCR, sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, and a phylogenetic analysis were conducted.Key results: Molecular and morphological studies presented here reveal that Mexican populations of “T. magnivelare” sampled in the states of Veracruz and Puebla are grouped in a clade including T. mesoamericanum and T. colposii type specimens, separate from T. magnivelare s. str. from USA. Conclusions: The identity of the material studied corresponds to T. mesoamericanum, which is consistent with previous studies showing that the “matsutake” mushrooms in the country represent T. mesoamericanum, and as shown here, with T. colposii as a synonym.Antecedentes y Objetivos: La especie registrada en México (estado de Veracruz) en la década de 1980 como “Tricholoma magnivelare” (bajo su sinónimo, T. ponderosum) de ser un hongo no utilizado como comestible en el país, pasó a ser objeto de comercialización internacional, cuando vendedores asiáticos conocieron su presencia en México y su relación con el grupo de T. matsutake. Los especímenes en los que se basaron registros previos en el país (identificados con el mismo nombre), fueron estudiados solo morfológicamente. Con base en información morfológica y molecular (ITS), recientemente se describieron a T. mesoamericanum del estado de Oaxaca (sur de Mexico) (tipo), y a T. colposii del estado de Veracruz, ambas relacionadas al grupo de especies alrededor de T. matsutake. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, con base en caracteres morfológicos y secuencias de (ITS) obtenidas a partir de muestras frescas, la identidad taxonómica de especímenes con similitudes con ambas especies. Métodos: Durante 2009 y 2018 se recolectaron especímenes en dos bosques de Pinus en los estados de Puebla y Veracruz (este de México). Se estudiaron fructificaciones adquiridas en un mercado popular en Xalapa, Veracruz. Se registraron las características morfo-anatómicas y organolépticas de las muestras. Se efectuó la extracción del ADN, PCR, secuenciación de la región del espaciador transcrito interno (ITS) del ADN ribosomal, y un análisis filogenético.Resultados clave: Estudios moleculares y morfológicos aquí presentados revelan que poblaciones mexicanas de “T. magnivelare” recolectadas en los estados de Veracruz y Puebla se identifican con T. mesoamericanum y el tipo de T. colposii, en un clado independiente de T. magnivelare s. str. de EUA.Conclusiones: El material estudiado se identifica con T. mesoamericanum, consistente con estudios previos que muestran que los hongos del grupo “matsutake” en el país están representados por T. mesoamericanum y, como se demuestra aquí, con T. colposii como un sinónimo

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality