Caracterización molecular y serológica de Escherichia coli en Quesos artesanales de seis departamentos de Honduras

In a study conducted in 2015, the quality and safety of artisanal cheeses from six departments of Honduras were evaluated (that are within the cheese producing regions of the country). The results of this microbiology quality study in this type of food are somewhat alarming since the total bacteria count and fecal coliforms were higher than 1 x 103 CFU / g (exceeding the limits established in regulations for this type of products). This is due to poor manufacturing practices that small and medium producers may have. Escherichia coli is a pathogen that serves as an indicator of fecal contamination in water and food. This bacterium has evolved to be a versatile intestinal pathogen that can harbor several virulence genes that create lesions in intestinal cells. The main objective was to classify molecularly the pathotypes and phylogenetic groups of E. coli from strains obtained from cheese samples. Additionally, the classification of strains in serotypes was achieved, which provided more information and epidemiological coincidences with other studies from other sources. The study comprised the year 2016 where the whole experimental part was carried out and 2017, the analysis of all the data obtained was concluded. A total of 48 strains obtained from the 2015 study where 86% (n = 41) were obtained from semi-dry cheese, and the rest from fresh and dry cheese. 58% (n = 28) amplified for two main EPEC pathotypes (in 54%) and ETEC (46%). The predominant phylogenetic group was B1 with 50% (n = 24). The predominant serogroups in the strains were O6, O8, O159. It can be concluded that there are pathotypes which harbor virulence factors that cause intestinal pathologies. In high-consumption foods such as artisan cheeses, it is a food safety problem that must be taken seriously. There are many questions to answer after this description of the situation of a pathogen that can cause outbreaks at any time.Un estudio realizado durante el año 2015 donde se evaluó la calidad e inocuidad en quesos artesanales de seis departamentos de Honduras que están dentro de las regiones productoras de quesos del país. Los resultados de este estudio de calidad microbiología en este tipo de alimentos son algo alarmantes ya que el recuento de bacterias totales y coliformes fecales fueron superiores a 1 x 103 UFC/g lo cual supera los límites establecidos en reglamentos para este tipo de productos. Esto debido a malas prácticas de manufactura que puedan tener los pequeños y medianos productores. Escherichia coli es un patógeno que sirve como indicador de contaminación fecal en agua y alimentos. Esta bacteria ha evolucionado a ser un versátil patógeno intestinal que puede albergar varios genes de virulencia que crean lesiones en células intestinales. Objetivos: El objetivo principal fue clasificar molecularmente los patotipos y grupos filogenéticos de E. coli de cepas obtenidas a partir de muestras de quesos. Adicionalmente se logró la clasificación de las cepas en serotipos lo cual brindo más información y coincidencias epidemiológicas con otros estudios de otras fuentes. El estudio comprendió el año 2016 donde se realizó toda la parte experimental y 2017 se concluyó el análisis de todos los datos obtenidos. Resultados: Un total de 48 cepas obtenidas del estudio del 2015 donde un 86% (n=41) fueron obtenidas de queso semiseco, y el resto de ellas de queso fresco y seco. Un 58% (n=28) amplificaron para dos patotipos principales EPEC (en un 54%) y ETEC (46%). El grupo filogenético predominante fue el B1 con un 50% (n=24). Los serogrupos predominantes en las cepas fueron O6, O8, O159. Conclusiones: El saber que existen patotipos que albergan factores de virulencia causantes de patologías intestinales; en alimentos de alto consumo como los quesos artesanales, es un problema de inocuidad alimentaria que debe tomarse en serio. Existen muchas preguntas que responder después de esta descripción de situación de un patógeno que puede causar brotes en cualquier momento

Coronavirus awareness, confinement stress, and mental health: Evidence from Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain

Rationale: The purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of coronavirus awareness, psychological stress responses, and sociodemographic variables on mental health indicators (somatization, depression, and anxiety) in residents of Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Spain. Methods: The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional approach. Data was collected online using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18); the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-6 (CAS-6) and a questionnaire that included psychological and sociodemographic questions. The total sample size consisted of 1559 respondents from Honduras (34%), Chile (29%), Costa Rica (17%), Mexico (11%), and Spain (9%). Results: The most common stress domains correspond to family (22.97%), financial (22.53%), academic (16.47%), leisure time constraints (14.23%), health (12.48%), peer group (7.63%), and religious concerns (3.69%). These domains are significantly associated with the respondent’s country, sex, employment status, and being or not a health worker. Respondents who reported confinement stress also reported higher scores in anxiety, depression, and somatization. The Global Severity Index was significantly predicted by confinement stress, health, academic, and leisure time-related stress, sex, age, being a health worker, COVID-19 Personal Concern, and Perceived Seriousness. Non-significant predictors were employment status, the number of people at home, presence of older adults and children at home, financial, peer group, family, and religious concerns; the regression model had an R2 of 0.26. Similar analyses were conducted for somatization, depression, and anxiety subscales. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has adverse effects on the mental health of the general population, particularly regarding anxiety, depression, and somatization. Specific populations, such as women and health care workers, are at particular risk of suffering a deterioration in mental wellbeing. The implications of the study for public policy are discussed.Justificación: El propósito del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia de la conciencia del coronavirus, las respuestas psicológicas al estrés y las variables sociodemográficas en los indicadores de salud mental (somatización, depresión y depresión). psicológicas y las variables sociodemográficas en los indicadores de salud mental (somatización, depresión y ansiedad) ansiedad) en residentes de Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, México y España. Métodos: El estudio utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal. Los datos se recogieron en línea utilizando el Brief de síntomas 18 (BSI-18), la Escala de Conciencia del Coronavirus 6 (CAS-6) y un cuestionario que incluía preguntas psicológicas y sociodemográficas. preguntas psicológicas y sociodemográficas. El tamaño total de la muestra consistió en 1559 encuestados de Honduras (34%), Chile (29%), Costa Rica (17%), México (11%) y España (9%). Resultados: Los dominios de estrés más comunes corresponden a la familia (22,97%), financiero (22,53%), académico (16,47%), las limitaciones de tiempo libre (14,23%), la salud (12,48%), el grupo de iguales (7,63%) y las preocupaciones religiosas (3.69%). Estos dominios están significativamente asociados con el país del encuestado, el sexo, la situación laboral y ser o no trabajador sanitario. Los encuestados que informaron de estrés por confinamiento también informaron de puntuaciones más altas en ansiedad, depresión y somatización. El Índice de Gravedad Global se predijo de forma significativa por el estrés de confinamiento estrés relacionado con el confinamiento, el estrés relacionado con la salud, los estudios y el tiempo libre, el sexo, la edad, el hecho de ser trabajador sanitario, la COVID-19 Preocupación personal y la Seriedad percibida. preocupación personal y la gravedad percibida. Los predictores no significativos fueron la situación laboral, el número de personas en de personas en el hogar, la presencia de adultos mayores y de niños en el hogar, las preocupaciones financieras, del grupo de pares, de la familia y de la religión; el modelo de regresión tuvo un R2 de 0,5. modelo de regresión tenía un R2 de 0,26. Se realizaron análisis similares para las subescalas de somatización, depresión y ansiedad. ansiedad. Conclusiones: La pandemia del COVID-19 tiene efectos adversos en la salud mental de la población general, especialmente en lo que respecta a la ansiedad, la depresión y la somatización. Poblaciones específicas, como las mujeres y el personal sanitario, corren un riesgo especial de sufrir un deterioro del bienestar mental. Las implicaciones del estudio para las políticas públicas.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, HondurasUniversidad de Navarra, EspañaNeurolectura LTDA, ChileUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila, MéxicoUniversidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Costa RicaEscuela de Medicina Veterinari

XVII International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Advanced Science, Technology and Innovation to move towards a new socio-technical system: Sustainable Social Transformation"

Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of batsContent: Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of bat