Post-Weaning Protein Malnutrition Increases Blood Pressure and Induces Endothelial Dysfunctions in Rats

Malnutrition during critical periods in early life may increase the subsequent risk of hypertension and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in aortic rings (conductance artery) and isolated-perfused tail arteries (resistance artery) from control (fed with Labina®) and post-weaning protein malnutrition rats (offspring that received a diet with low protein content for three months). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. In the aortic rings, reactivity to phenylephrine (10−10–3.10−4 M) was similar in both groups. Endothelium removal or L-NAME (10−4 M) incubation increased the response to phenylephrine, but the L-NAME effect was greater in the aortic rings from the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. The protein expression of the endothelial nitric oxide isoform increased in the aortic rings from the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. Incubation with apocynin (0.3 mM) reduced the response to phenylephrine in both groups, but this effect was higher in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats, suggesting an increase of superoxide anion release. In the tail artery of the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats, the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (0.001–300 µg) and the relaxation to acetylcholine (10−10–10−3 M) were increased. Post-weaning protein malnutrition increases blood pressure and induces vascular dysfunction. Although the vascular reactivity in the aortic rings did not change, an increase in superoxide anion and nitric oxide was observed in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. However, in the resistance arteries, the increased vascular reactivity may be a potential mechanism underlying the increased blood pressure observed in this model

O ensino de vigilância à saúde do trabalhador no Curso de Enfermagem La enseñanza de la vigilancia a la salud del trabajador en el Curso de Enfermería Teaching surveillance to workers' health in nursing courses

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência de ensino de vigilância à saúde do trabalhador, desenvolvida na disciplina obrigatória de Enfermagem na Saúde do Trabalhador no Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Como estratégia de ensino foi desenvolvida a análise epidemiológica de todas as Comunicações de Acidentes de Trabalho registradas junto ao Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social, agência São Carlos, referentes ao município de São Carlos e ao ano de 2000. Foram desenvolvidos conteúdos relativos à vigilância à Saúde do Trabalhador e temas correlacionados. Com base no sistema de informações construído, foram realizadas pelos alunos atividades práticas relativas à sistematização das informações e à utilização do software empregado para inserção, consolidação e análise dos dados. São discutidos os resultados obtidos pelos alunos com as atividades realizadas, as dificuldades apresentadas e as possibilidades de utilização dessas estratégias para o ensino.<br>Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia de enseñanza de vigilancia a la salud del trabajador dentro de la disciplina obligatoria de Enfermería del Trabajador en el Curso de Graduación en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de São Carlos. Como estrategia de educación en enfermería se desarrolló el análisis epdemiológica de las Comunicaciones de Accidentes de Trabajo registradas junto al Instituto de la Seguridad Social, agencia São Carlos, referentes al Municipio de São Carlos, y al año de 2000. Fueron desarrollados contenidos relativos a la vigilancia de la Salud del Trabajador y temas correlacionados. A partir del sistema de informaciones construido fueron realizadas por los alumnos actividades prácticas relacionadas a la sistematización de las informaciones y a la utilización de software empleado para inserción, consolidación y análisis de los datos. Son discutidos los resultados obtenidos por los alumnos con las actividades realizadas, las dificultades presentadas y las posibilidades de utilización de estrategias para la educación.<br>The objective of this study is to describe the experience at the Federal University of São Carlos concerning the mandatory discipline Nursing and Workers' Health, taught at the undergraduate course in Nursing, which focuses on the activities that concern workers' health surveillance. As a teaching strategy, an epidemiological analysis of all labor accidents registered at the local agency of the social security system referring to the municipality of São Carlos, State of São Paulo, in the year of 2000 was carried out. Based on this information system the students developed practical activities related to the organization of the data and the use of the software to insert, consolidate and analyze the information. Besides this, themes concerning workers' health surveillance and related issues have been developed. The results obtained in these activities have been evaluated and are discussed in this article