14 research outputs found
Temporal dynamics of the response to Al stress in Eucalyptus grandis Ă Eucalyptus camaldulensis
- Author
- ABREU CH
- ACHARY VMM
- Arruda MAZ
- ARRUDA SCC
- AZEVEDO RA
- BASU U
- Berenice K. de AlcĂąntara
- Boaretto LF
- BOSCOLO PRS
- Bulbovas P
- CAKMAK I
- CIA MC
- DALAL M
- Daniel Pizzaia
- DONNELLY R
- DROST W
- Ezaki B
- EZAKI B
- Fernando A. Piotto
- GIANNAKOULA A
- GIANNAKOULA A
- Gilvano E. Brondani
- GratĂŁo PL
- GRATĂO PL
- HOAGLAND DR
- JONES DL
- KOCHIAN LV
- Kolaei EA
- LAMB C
- LIDON F
- Lucélia Borgo
- MARSCHNER H
- Medici LO
- Monteiro CC et al
- MOURA JCMS
- Muneer S
- NGUYEN NT
- NGUYEN NT
- PURCELL LC
- RAD MH
- REIS GG
- RIBEIRO C
- Ricardo A. Azevedo
- SILVA IR
- Silva JDC
- SILVA LG
- Silva S
- SIVAGURU M
- SMITH E
- Soares BL
- Soares MP
- TAHARA K
- TAHARA K
- THUMMA BR
- TRABADO GI
- Vendrame PRS
- VITORELLO VA
- YAMAMOTO Y
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Trisulfate Disaccharide Decreases Calcium Overload and Protects Liver Injury Secondary to Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion
- Author
- A Amberger
- A Kukner
- A Tsung
- AL Seabra
- AM Coelho
- AM Coelho
- Ana Maria Mendonca Coelho
- AR Teixeira
- AĂ Yener
- B Chance
- C Quireze
- C1 Maack
- Carl P. Dietrich
- Carlos M. G. Godoy
- CC Chan
- CR CĂĄmara-Lemarroy
- Eleazar Chaib
- Emilio Elias Abdo
- Enio Rodrigues Vasques
- ER Figueira
- ET Chouchani
- F Serracino-Inglott
- FG Soriano
- Helena B. Nader
- IB Nicoud
- Ivarne L. S. Tersariol
- J Li
- J Schwartz
- JA Kim
- Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Jose Eduardo Monteiro Cunha
- JW Kupiec-Weglinski
- K Sakamoto
- K Yamanaka
- LF Canedo
- LH Toledo-Pereyra
- Luiz A. C. DâAlbuquerque
- M Bilzer
- M.D Wheeler
- MA Nogueira
- Marcelo Andrade Lima
- ME Moussa
- MO Taha
- N Harada
- OH Lowry
- OM Abdel-Salam
- P Chattopadhyay
- PA Clavien
- PR Crisostomo
- R Carini
- RF Van Golen
- Rosely Antunes Patzina
- RW Estabrook
- S Jancar
- Sandra N. Sampietre
- SK Shinjo
- T Luedde
- T Zhou
- Tiago Rodrigues
- WJ Chang
- WJ Xing
- WX Zhang
- Yuan Yan
- Publication venue
- 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Products and Distinctions
- Author
- A Nosrat
- AA Eid
- AA Eid
- AA Hashem
- AC Oliveira
- AL Gomes Cornelio
- AL Perez
- AN Sawyer
- AP Leiendecker
- B Ber
- B Storm
- B Tabarsi
- BA Loushine
- BP Huffman
- C Hutcheson
- C Kao
- C Monteiro Bramante
- CC Chen
- CM Primus
- D Hess
- D Richard Steffen
- DC Bird
- EA Bortoluzzi
- EA Bortoluzzi
- EA Bortoluzzi
- EJ Silva
- ET Souza De
- F Iacono
- FG Aguilar
- FG Aguilar
- FM Lea
- FR Tay
- G De-Deus
- G Krastl
- GT Candeiro
- H Chng
- H-M Zhou
- I Belobrov
- I Islam
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Camilleri
- J Hebling
- JE Gomes-Filho
- JE Gomes-Filho
- JF Reyes-Carmona
- JT Washington
- K Coomaraswamy
- K-P Seong
- KC Tay
- KS Appelbaum
- LA Dreger
- LD Garcia
- LM Formosa
- M Froughreyhani
- M Gandolfi
- M Gandolfi
- M Rawtiya
- M Schembri
- M Tanomaru-Filho
- M Valles
- MA Hungaro Duarte
- MG Gandolfi
- MG Gandolfi
- MG Gandolfi
- MG Gandolfi
- MG Gandolfi
- ML Porter
- N Wongkornchaowalit
- NB Faria-Junior
- NV Viola
- P Kogan
- P Lenherr
- P Neelakantan
- RK Scarparo
- RN Weller
- S Asgary
- S Asgary
- S Asgary
- S Asgary
- S Asgary
- S Shahi
- SJ Ding
- SS Hakki
- T Charland
- T Komabayashi
- T Komabayashi
- W Wei
- Y-C Hwang
- Z Mohammadi
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Systems Oncology: Bridging Pancreatic and Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer
- Author
- A Chou
- A Jemal
- A Jo
- A Latil
- A Rojas
- A Salonia
- A So
- A Takeuchi
- A Vermeulen
- A. Aghajanyan
- A. Fucic
- AE Becker
- AH Ko
- AY Xiao
- B Daka
- B Greenway
- B Song
- B Szende
- B Terris
- C Cai
- C FernĂĄndez-del Castillo
- C Monteiro
- C Shao
- CC Collins
- CG Leon
- CJ Hirst
- CL Hsieh
- CP Chuu
- D Hoare
- D Paladino
- DE Linn
- DV Matei
- E Zazzo Di
- EA Mostaghel
- F Ma
- F Sun
- G Kovvali
- G Robles-Diaz
- G Zhu
- GM Bernardo
- GS Prins
- H Lepor
- H Ono
- H Parikh
- H Ren
- H Rhee
- HJ Choi
- HJ Jin
- HM Behnsawy
- HM Lam
- HP Ma
- I Fyssas
- I Heidegger
- I Raju
- J Morote
- J Shevach
- J Wang
- J Xu
- JA Locke
- JC Tien
- JF Habener
- JH Pinthus
- JP Glass
- JY Chun
- JY Park
- K Mahajan
- K Polireddy
- KM Block
- Konrad Sarosiek
- L Deng
- L Schweizer
- LC Murtaugh
- M Komoto
- M Nakamoto
- M Sen-Yo
- M Shiota
- M Shiota
- M Shiota
- M Verras
- M Yu
- MJ Iqbal
- MJ Mayer
- MJ Schiewer
- MP Steinkamp
- MS Kim
- N Bardeesy
- N Craft
- N NovĂšre Le
- N Yanagisawa
- N. Le Novere
- Nima Sharifi
- NP Murray
- NS Nagathihalli
- P Buchler
- P Christoforou
- PJ Cozzi
- Q Su
- Q Wang
- R Drivdahl
- R Hemi
- R Jansa
- RB Montgomery
- RJ Barnard
- RP Gajula
- S Azzopardi
- S Chen
- S Gao
- S Kasina
- S Kimbara
- S Konduri
- S Yeh
- SA Navarro Silvera
- SH Lee
- Sinha et al
- SJ Ellem
- SK Kim
- SL Holder
- SP Balk
- SR Hustinx
- T Chandrasekar
- T Kanda
- T Kolodecik
- T Muniraj
- T Sugiyama
- TC Chang
- The Cancer Genome Atlas Research
- TP Corbishley
- TS Yeh
- UH Jin
- Ulka Vaishampayan
- V Iakovlev
- V Parimi
- V Sandhu
- W Duan
- WS Chung
- X Wu
- X Zhu
- Y Deng
- Y Dong
- Y Mao
- Y Qu
- Y Tursynbay
- Y Zhang
- YA Yang
- YL Yip
- Z Culig
- Z Zhang
- Z. Culig
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Erzeugung von KrankheitszustĂ€nden durch SproĂpilze und Schimmelpilze
- Author
- A Avram
- A Buschke
- A Buschke
- A Campourcy
- A Castellaisti
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Catanei
- A Crosti
- A Csillag
- A Dubois
- A Dubois
- A Giardini
- A Gonzalez-Ochoa
- A Gonzalez-Ochoa
- A Hinton
- A Hinton
- A Honorato
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Howell
- A Lucet
- A Lucet
- A Lutz
- A Matsuda
- A Mitze
- A Nannizzi
- A Neisser
- A Nordén
- A Palmer
- A Penn
- A Pesce de Ruiz Holdago
- A Plehn
- A Salazar Leite
- A Sartory
- A Sartory
- A Symeonidis
- A Trejos
- AA Padhye
- AB Shields
- AC Batista
- AE Area Leao de
- AE Area Leao de
- AE Area Leao de
- AE Cronkite
- AE Oxford
- AF Blakeslee
- AF Bonk
- AF Salvo di
- AK Perceval
- AL Braude
- AL Pates
- AM Breslau
- AM Kligman
- AM Kligman
- AM Kligman
- AM Kligman
- AM Kligman
- AM Kligman
- AP Ley
- AR Martin
- AS Sussman
- ASM Zijden van der
- AT Henrici
- AY El-Fiki
- AZ Joffe
- B Bloch
- B Gerstl
- B Henry
- B Kesten
- B Levy
- B Torre Della
- B Torre Della
- B Torre Della
- B Urso
- B.A. Steinberg
- BA Steinberg
- Ballin
- BF Davis
- BF Nesbitt
- BJ Wilson
- BM Levy
- BM Partridge
- BS Fine
- C Baena-Cagnani
- C Bruhns
- C Capretti
- C Fava Netto
- C Fava Netto
- C Fleury
- C Halde
- C Halde
- C Joyeux
- C Magarinos Torres
- C Nicolle
- C Schirren
- C Schirren
- C Schirren
- C Thom
- C Weiss
- C.C. Campbell
- C.C. Campbell
- C.W. Emmons
- CA Fuentes
- CA Fuentes
- CA Fuentes
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Campbell
- CC Randall
- CC Randall
- CC Randall
- CC Randall
- CD Burda
- CD Smith
- CE Forney
- CE Sonck
- CH Drake
- CH Whittle
- CJ Kao
- CJ Touche La
- CJ Touche La
- CJK Wang
- CJK Wang
- CL Hoff
- CL Taschdjian
- CL Taschdjian
- CL Taschdjian
- CO Dawson
- CR Cole
- CR Cole
- CS Lacaz
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- D Artis
- D Borelli
- D Borelli
- D Gale
- D Gale
- D Janke
- D Janke
- D Janke
- D Janke
- D Janke
- D Pappagianis
- D Pappagianis
- D Pappagianis
- D Pappagianis
- D PeryassĂș
- D PeryassĂș
- D Symmers
- D.B. Louria
- DA Rowley
- DA Rowley
- DA Rowley
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- DB Louria
- DB Louria
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- DC OâMeara
- DH Hoffmann
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- DH Howard
- DH Howard
- DH Howard
- DJ Guidry
- DM Pillsbury
- DR Cordy
- DW Hill
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- DWR Mackenzie
- DWR Mackenzie
- E Brumpt
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- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
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- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Drouhet
- E Fischer
- E Friedrich
- E Goldstein
- E Grunberg
- E Hazen
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- E Mankiewicz
- E MarĆĄĂĄlek
- E Meyer
- E Meyer
- E Musso
- E Pezenburg
- E Pinoy
- E Pinoy
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- E Seligmann
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- E Tsubura
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- GW Fischer
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- H Bauer
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- M Akbarian
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- M Huppert
- M Jessner
- M Kominami
- M Kong
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- M Kuroda
- M Langeron
- M Langeron
- M Langeron
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- O Busse
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- P Wenk
- PB Bland
- PC Eismann
- PC Underwood
- PG Hugenholtz
- PG Kozinn
- PJ Hare
- PJ Kozinn
- PM Stockdale
- PQ Edwards
- PR Beamer
- PV Forni
- PV Forni
- PV Forni
- PW Höer
- PW Höer
- R AkĂŒn
- R Allen
- R Baylet
- R Blaschke-Hellmessen
- R Brown
- R Camain
- R Day
- R Debré
- R Duval
- R Evolceanu
- R Evolceanu
- R Evolceanu
- R Evolceanu
- R Hurley
- R Hurley
- R Hurley
- R Hörter
- R Kashima
- R Laethem van
- R Lomanitz
- R Lubarsky
- R Morquer
- R Morquer
- R Sabouraud
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Vanbreuseghem
- R Virchow
- R Viswanathan
- RA Gortner
- RA Knight
- RA Schofield
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Vogel
- RA Welsh
- RC Burke
- RC Burke
- RC Hurd
- RC Ritter
- RD Azulay
- RD Azulay
- RD Baker
- RD Baker
- RD Baker
- RD Hartley
- RE Strauss
- RF Norris
- RH Diven
- RH Smith
- RJ Parsons
- RJ Weeks
- RL Farrel
- RL Farrel
- RL Mayer
- RL Mayer
- RN Nye
- RP Tewari
- RS Sandhu
- RV Talice
- RW Benham
- RW Benham
- RW Benham
- RW Edwards
- RW Johnson
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- RW Menges
- S Ata
- S Ballagi
- S Bartnicki-Garcia
- S Bartnicki-Garcia
- S Bartnicki-Garcia
- S Epstein
- S Hosoya
- S Kawatsure
- S Kelemen
- S Landi
- S Levine
- S Marcus
- S McKeever
- S Milochevitch
- S Milochevitch
- S Mourad
- S Mourad
- S Saslaw
- S Saslaw
- S Saslaw
- S Saslaw
- S Szathmary
- S Takahashi
- S Tanaka
- S Winsten
- S Yonekura
- S Yonekura
- SA Rosenthal
- SA Rosenthal
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Salvin
- SB Tripathy
- SG Kahn
- SG Kahn
- SH Paplanus
- SL Silberg
- SM Adriano
- SMS Jeoffery
- SMS Jeoffery
- SR Rosenthal
- SR Rosenthal
- SS Dhaliwal
- SS Dhaliwal
- SS Mizuba
- T Abe
- T Benedek
- T Benedek
- T Cooper
- T Fujino
- T Hashimoto
- T Karasaki
- T Kuroda
- T Kuroda
- T Lawless
- T Morikawa
- T Sternberg
- T Tanaka
- T Tung
- T Wada
- T Wada
- Takahashi
- TD Elder
- TF Schlaegel Jr.
- TH Sternberg
- TJ Hage
- TJ Kurotchkin
- TS Zabalueva
- TW Williams Jr.
- U Haufe
- U Schtjlze-Bader
- V Cilli
- V Marais
- VD Newcomer
- VD Newcomer
- VD Newcomer
- VD Newcomer
- VD Newcomer
- VM Pastorino
- VN Damodaran
- VT Andriole
- W Bisping
- W Bisping
- W Blyth
- W Blyth
- W Blyth
- W Eger
- W Giese
- W Hoffmeister
- W Jadassohn
- W Kaplan
- W Kaplan
- W Kaplan
- W Kaplan
- W Kaplan
- W Kaplan
- W Knoth
- W Kovac
- W Lindt
- W Masshoff
- W Mohr
- W Oehlert
- W Oehlert
- W Schneider
- WA Collier
- WA Monbrensr de
- WA Monbreun de
- WA Monbreun de
- WB Cooke
- WB Sharp
- WD Stovall
- WD Winter Jr.
- WE Maldonado
- WG Roessler
- WH Sheldon
- WH Sheldon
- WR Gilbert
- WR Hinshaw
- WR Piggott
- WT Carll
- WV Showalter
- WW Taylor
- Y Goto
- Y Kawamura
- Y Morioka
- Y Nakano
- Y Ohashi
- Y Shimazono
- Y Shirata
- Z Farid
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- ZT Mankowski
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1967
- Field of study
Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways
- Author
- A Baban
- A Brunmeier
- A Egbe
- A Fung
- A Khalil
- A Kumar
- A Mani
- A Polito
- A Safari-Arababadi
- A Tomita-Mitchell
- A Yazigi
- AA Karatza
- AD Hoffmann
- AD Mori
- AF Zakariyah
- AH Kovacs
- AJ Agopian
- AL Penton
- AM Ades
- AM Eiring
- AM Mohr
- Angel Dueñas
- AT Tankeu
- AV Postma
- AV Postma
- B Kloesel
- B Oneda
- BS Marino
- C Garcia-Padilla
- C Liu
- C Misra
- C Ratti
- C Yang
- CA Bondy
- CB Arrington
- CC Sucharov
- CE Schulkey
- CX Liu
- CX Lu
- D Abid
- D Ilardi
- D Li
- D MacGrogan
- D MacGrogan
- D Sedmera
- D Warburton
- DA Elliott
- DB McElhinney
- DJ McCulley
- DJ Radford
- E Goldmuntz
- E Leirgul
- E Shanshen
- ED Cohen
- EG Behiry
- ES McLaughlin
- ET Mutlu
- F Bevilacqua
- F Liu
- F Solorzano-Santos
- G Calcagni
- G Costain
- G D'Amato
- G Luxan
- G Song
- H Dolk
- H Han
- HX Chen
- IE Amarillo
- J Chen
- J Geng
- J Guo
- J Huang
- J Kim
- J Kobayashi
- J Kobylinska
- J Perez-Lescure Picarzo
- J Tian
- JA Lim
- JB Huang
- JC Scheuermann
- JD Steimle
- JH Sanz
- JI Hoffman
- JM Schleich
- JR Cowan
- JT Glessner
- JT Granados-Riveron
- JT Shieh
- JW Vincentz
- JW Wei
- K Kodo
- K Lata
- K Ryan
- K Shiota
- Kate E. Best
- Kazuki Kodo
- KE Roberts
- KL McBride
- KM Anderson
- L Cao
- L Klouda
- L Li
- L Liu
- L Miquerol
- L Wang
- L Zhang
- LJ Rios-Serna
- LT Chen
- M Basu
- M Beghetti
- M Dressen
- M Gu
- M Iascone
- M Maitra
- M Mei
- M Nemir
- M Rohit
- M Sylva
- M Tyagi
- MA Hill
- Marisol Delea
- MC Digilio
- ME Pierpont
- ML Watkins
- MR Sailani
- MW Chen
- N Mohammad
- N Muthialu
- N Oyen
- N Oyen
- N Xin
- NK Bhat
- NL Madsen
- P Marantz
- P Nazari
- P Trevisan
- Q Deng
- Q Liu
- R Bhardwaj
- R Guo
- R Ionescu-Ittu
- R Soemedi
- RAC Monteiro
- Rachel Nicoll
- RG Ohye
- RT Huang
- RU Garcia
- S Almesned
- S Benhaourech
- S Das
- S Gupta
- S Klaassen
- S Malik
- S Pang
- S Pikkarainen
- S Pulignani
- S Roodpeyma
- S Vasudevan
- S. Bergstro m
- SC Hoelscher
- SC Materna
- SE Antonarakis
- SE Fischer
- SG Ellesoe
- SJ Pont
- SJ Yeh
- SL Ameres
- SM Gilboa
- SM Lehmann
- SM Matos
- SM Reamon-Buettner
- SM Reamon-Buettner
- T Bom van der
- T Brand
- T Jiang
- T Peng
- T Smith
- T Treiber
- TA Andersen
- TL Butler
- TR Mercer
- V Miranovic
- VC Garside
- W Drenthen
- W Su
- W Zhao
- W Zhu
- WE Sadoh
- WQ Xie
- X Chen
- X Zhang
- X Zhu
- X Zhu
- XH Qiao
- XH Qiao
- XL Wu
- XL Zhou
- Y Morikawa
- Y Yan
- Y Yang
- Y Zhou
- YH Ching
- YJ Wei
- YM Sun
- Z Cheng
- ZN Al-Hassnan
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Targeting protein aggregation for the treatment of degenerative diseases
- Author
- A Aguzzi
- A Aguzzi
- A Attar
- A Ben-Zvi
- A Goate
- A Hall
- A Hornberg
- A Laganowsky
- A Rydh
- A Sittler
- AJ Stangou
- AK Ghosh
- AL Miller
- AL Mougenot
- AM Wang
- AR Hurshman
- AR Hurshman Babbes
- AR La Spada
- AS Cohen
- AT Villella
- AV Kristen
- B Calamini
- B Caughey
- B De Strooper
- B De Strooper
- B De Strooper
- B De Strooper
- B Frost
- B Ng
- B Winner
- BB Holmes
- BH Lee
- BJ Bacskai
- BK Arendt
- BM Hovey
- BO Olofsson
- C Andrade
- C Duran-Aniotz
- C Haass
- C Holmes
- C Janus
- C Rapezzi
- C Sahlin
- CA Ross
- CB Cooley
- CC Blake
- CC Rowe
- CE Bulawa
- Cecilia Monteiro
- CM Dobson
- Colleen Fearns
- CR Jack Jr
- D Boche
- D Eisenberg
- D Morgan
- D Ron
- D Schenk
- D Schenk
- D Schenk
- DE Ehrnhoefer
- DJ Irwin
- DJ Selkoe
- DL Castillo-Carranza
- DM Holtzman
- DM Walsh
- DR Booth
- DR Borchelt
- DR Shimshek
- DW Colby
- DW Sanders
- E Check
- E Cohen
- E Ihse
- E Kastritis
- E Kastritis
- E Masliah
- E Masliah
- E Masliah
- EA Craig
- EJ Bae
- ET Powers
- ET Powers
- Evan T. Powers
- F Bard
- F Clavaguera
- F Clavaguera
- F Clavaguera
- F Ferrone
- F Langer
- F Meng
- F Schneider
- F Wang
- FA Ferrone
- FL Palhano
- FU Hartl
- G Antoni
- G Drewes
- G Heilbronner
- G Herlenius
- G Holmgren
- G Holmgren
- G Merlini
- G Palladini
- GF Monis
- GG Glenner
- GG Glenner
- GJ Miroy
- H Kanemitsu
- H Olzscha
- H Razavi
- HA Lashuel
- HA Lashuel
- HE Purkey
- HE Wilczek
- HI Miller
- HJ Dyson
- HJ Lachmann
- HL Monaco
- I Rappley
- I Simsek
- IH Cheng
- J Abisambra
- J Bieschke
- J Bieschke
- J Burre
- J Collinge
- J Hardy
- J Hardy
- J Hofrichter
- J Lee
- J Safar
- J Shi
- J Stohr
- J Stohr
- J Theuns
- J Winkler
- J Zhou
- JA Hamilton
- JA Hardy
- JA Nicoll
- JA Nicoll
- JC Genereux
- JC Watts
- JD Gillmore
- JD Harper
- JD Sipe
- Jeffery W. Kelly
- JF Morley
- JL Berk
- JL Guo
- JL Guo
- JM Warrick
- JP Lee
- JT Jarrett
- K Bersuker
- K Dharmarajan
- K Garai
- K Hasegawa
- K Johan
- K Lundmark
- K Sambamurti
- K Sathasivam
- K Tojo
- K Yanamandra
- KC Luk
- KC Luk
- KM Danzer
- KM Pan
- KS Kosik
- L Amaducci
- L Bonar
- L Bousset
- L Obici
- L Wang
- LJ Page
- LM Young
- LS Hornstrup
- M Arrasate
- M DeJesus-Hernandez
- M DeTure
- M Herbst
- M Iba
- M Jucker
- M Matsuda
- M Meyer-Luehmann
- M Munar-Ques
- M Neumann
- M Ohno
- M Polymenidou
- M Schroder
- M Udan-Johns
- MA Denis
- MA Gertz
- MA Leissring
- MC Chartier-Harlin
- MC Smith
- MD Benson
- MD Benson
- MD Benson
- MD Kane
- MD Shoulders
- MD Shoulders
- ME Jackrel
- ME Jackrel
- MF Knauer
- MG Hong
- MH Polymeropoulos
- MJM Saraiva
- MM Sousa
- MP Gavilan
- MP Mayer
- MR Hurle
- MS Wolfe
- MS Wolfe
- MT Ferretti
- N Delahaye
- N Iwata
- N Kfoury
- N Lorenzen
- N Takeda
- OB Suhr
- P Aridon
- P Cao
- P Casacciabonnefil
- P Giannakopoulos
- P Hammarstrom
- P Hammarstrom
- P Hammarstrom
- P Tsaytler
- P Westermark
- P Zhou
- PH Ren
- PJ Muchowski
- PK Auluck
- PW Baures
- Q Lesnyak
- Q Wang
- R Gupta
- R Kisilevsky
- R Singh
- R Sitia
- R Vidal
- R Yan
- R. Luke Wiseman
- RA Bessen
- RA Nixon
- RB DeMattos
- RD Terry
- RE Tanzi
- RH Falk
- RI Morimoto
- RJ Bateman
- RK Graham
- RL Comenzo
- RP Linke
- S Chen
- S Connelly
- S Eleuteri
- S Lindquist
- S Oddo
- S Pemberton
- S Srinivasan
- SA Planque
- Sandra E. Encalada
- SB Prusiner
- SJ Dearmond
- SJ Hyung
- SM Chafekar
- SM Doyle
- SM Johnson
- SM Johnson
- T Bartels
- T Coelho
- T Coelho
- T Coelho
- T Coelho
- T Hamaguchi
- T Hidvegi
- T Klabunde
- T Kuroda
- T Kuroda
- T Nakamura
- T Nakamura
- T Wisniewski
- T Yamashita
- TA Shelkovnikova
- TE Golde
- TR Serio
- TW Mu
- UK Jinwal
- V Lindstrom
- W Colon
- W Ishii
- W Yang
- WB Zigman
- WE Balch
- WJ Meilandt
- X Chai
- X Jiang
- Y Miyata
- Y Nishiyama
- Y Sekijima
- Y Sekijima
- YQ Zhang
- YS Eisele
- YS Eisele
- YS Eisele
- YS Eisele
- Yvonne S. Eisele
- Z Ahmed
- Z Lai
- Z Zhang
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Lipopolysaccharide Core Oligosaccharide Biosynthesis and Assembly
- Author
- A Banerjee
- A Bateman
- A Bateman
- A Endo
- A Finke
- A Finke
- A Hanuszkiewicz
- A Krupa
- A Preston
- A Sonesson
- A Zamyatina
- AA Lindberg
- AD Cox
- AG Allen
- AG Walsh
- AK Sau
- AL Erwin
- AM Burroughs
- AP Moran
- AX Tran
- B Jann
- B Kneidinger
- B Kneidinger
- B Ma
- C Martinez-Fleites
- C Noah
- C Rosenow
- C Stead
- C Whitfield
- CA Schnaitman
- CC De
- CE Bode
- CH Lin
- CJ Belunis
- CJ Belunis
- CL Marolda
- CM Kahler
- CM Reynolds
- CM Stead
- CM Tsai
- CR Raetz
- CR Raetz
- CT Parker
- D Monreal
- D Zhou
- DE Heinrichs
- DE Heinrichs
- DE Heinrichs
- DE Heinrichs
- DJ Heyes
- DJ Krosky
- DM Sirisena
- DM Sirisena
- DW Hood
- DW Hood
- E Frirdich
- E Frirdich
- E Muller
- E Nudler
- E Pinta
- E Pradel
- E Vinogradov
- E Vinogradov
- E Vinogradov
- EA Austin
- EC Gotschlich
- EF Petricoin III
- EK Schweda
- EL Kannenberg
- ES Drazek
- ET OâConnor
- ET Schwan
- EV Vinogradov
- EV Vinogradov
- EV Vinogradov
- EV Vinogradov
- EV Vinogradov
- F Kona
- F Kona
- F McArthur
- F St Michael
- FC Cochrane
- FE Nano
- FG Mackinnon
- G Cortes
- GA Belogurov
- GA Belogurov
- GB Pier
- GD Dotson
- GD Dotson
- GO Aspinall
- H Brade
- H Brade
- H Cock de
- H Heine
- H Masoud
- H Moll
- H Nikaido
- H Sahly
- H Schneider
- H Strohmaier
- HH Nguyen
- HH Yildirim
- HJ Yoon
- HS Chung
- HS Duewel
- HS Duewel
- I Artsimovitch
- I Faglin
- I Sadovskaya
- I Stojiljkovic
- J Andra
- J Geurtsen
- J Hoffman
- J Li
- J Li
- J Qu
- J Seetharaman
- J Wu
- J Zhao
- JA Yethon
- JA Yethon
- JA Yethon
- JC Levin
- JC Wright
- JD King
- JD Klena
- JF Parsons
- JL Kadrmas
- JL Kadrmas
- JM Griffiss
- JM Nieto
- JM Schwingel
- JN Weiser
- JP Morrison
- JP Morrison
- JP Putten van
- JS Brooke
- JS Brooke
- JV Hankins
- K Hiratsuka
- K Persson
- KA Brozek
- KA White
- KA White
- KJ Edwards
- KN Allen
- L Chen
- L Eidels
- L Izquierdo
- L Tan
- L Wang
- LS Forsberg
- M Caroff
- M Cieslewicz
- M Gilbert
- M Harper
- M Harper
- M Hobbs
- M Karow
- M Mansson
- M Provost
- M Ramjeet
- M Regue
- M Regue
- M Regue
- M Skurnik
- M Skurnik
- M SĂŒsskind
- MA Monteiro
- MA Valvano
- MA Valvano
- MD Leipold
- MD Leipold
- MD Suits
- ME Deadman
- MI Kanipes
- MI Kanipes
- MI Kanipes
- MJ Filiatrault
- MJA Bailey
- MP Jennings
- MR Birck
- MT Kingsley
- MV Tullius
- N Coderch
- N Jimenez
- N Jimenez
- N Ruiz
- NA Kaniuk
- NG Lee
- NJ Phillips
- NJ Phillips
- O Holst
- O Holst
- O Kooistra
- OV Bystrova
- P Carstenius
- P Edebrink
- P Edebrink
- P Sperandeo
- P Sperandeo
- P Sperandeo
- PH Ray
- PH Ray
- PJ Rothwell
- PL Taylor
- PL Taylor
- PR MacLachlan
- R Vainer
- RG Wilkinson
- RW Carlson
- S Fresno
- S Fresno
- S Grizot
- S Gronow
- S Gronow
- S Gronow
- S Gronow
- S Jelakovic
- S Jelakovic
- S Jelakovic
- S Kanjilal-Kolar
- S Kanjilal-Kolar
- S Kondo
- S Lebbar
- S Löbau
- S Narita
- S Radaev
- S Radaev
- S Rund
- S Rund
- S Shulami
- S Shulami
- S Sommaruga
- SA Loutet
- SK Kadam
- SO Hagge
- SS Chng
- T Biswas
- T Isobe
- T Niedziela
- T Niedziela
- T Wagner
- TC Meredith
- TC Meredith
- TC Meredith
- TM Allison
- TR Kievit de
- U Mamat
- U Mamat
- UH Jin
- UH Stroeher
- V Nizet
- W Brabetz
- W Brabetz
- W Brabetz
- W Brabetz
- W Wakarchuk
- WA Nichols
- WB Severn
- WE Kohlbrenner
- X Ortega
- X Zhao
- Y Isshiki
- YA Knirel
- YL Tzeng
- Z Lu
- Z Oliynyk
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Mortality from esophagectomy for esophageal cancer across low, middle, and high-income countries: An international cohort study
- Author
- Abbassi N
- Abdulrahman M
- Achiam MP
- Ackroyd R
- Afzal Z
- Agasiev M
- Ahmad A
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed HA
- Ahmed HH
- Ahmed ME
- Ainswort AP
- Akbari K
- Akhtar K
- Akkapulu N
- Al Khyatt W
- Al-Bahrani A
- Alasmar MMA
- Albadawi F
- Albanese G
- Alderson D
- Alghunaim E
- Allison F
- Allum WH
- AlShehab D
- Alvarez LS
- Alvarezt LS
- Amalesh T
- Andreollo NA
- Apostu R
- Arias-Amezquita F
- Ariyarathenam A
- Arndt AT
- Asti E
- Athanasiou A
- Azagra JS
- Azizian A
- Baban C
- Babic T
- Babor R
- Bagajevas A
- Baig M
- Bailon CM
- Baker C
- Baki BE
- Balalis D
- Ball C
- Barbosa J
- Bardini R
- Basave HNL
- Bassari R
- Bastidas A
- Beardsmore D
- Beban G
- Beenen E
- Bekele A
- Bekele A
- Beltran-Garcia TC
- Ben-Younes H
- Bennett D
- Bennett J
- Berger AC
- Bernardes A
- Bernardi D
- Berrisford R
- Beuran M
- Bhojwani EC
- Bianchi A
- Bianchini S
- Birla RD
- Bjelovic M
- Blackshaw G
- Blanco R
- Blencowe N
- Boddy A
- Boecher U
- Bolca C
- Bolger J
- Bonavina L
- Bouras G
- Bouwense S
- Braga T
- Brandt B
- Brewer H
- Bromley G
- Brown R
- Bryce G
- Buduhan G
- Bui H
- Bundred J
- Butt Z
- Byrne B
- Byrom R
- Cabalag C
- Cabral F
- Caceres S
- Campos JC
- Campos PV
- Carrera MST
- Carroll P
- Carter N
- Casaca R
- Castilla L
- Cecconello I
- Cecconello I
- Cerdeira MP
- Cervellera M
- Cetares C
- Chan B
- Chan D
- Chaparala R
- Charalabopoulos A
- Chaudry A
- Cheah S
- Cheong E
- Chin TS
- Chmielewski G
- Choh C
- Ciubotaru C
- Ciuce C
- Ciuce C
- Coelho JD
- Colak E
- Collins C
- Colucci N
- Concepcion MV
- Constantinoiu S
- Corcoles JAM
- Cordos I
- Cords C
- Correia AM
- Cortes N
- Cortes-Gonzalez R
- Costa RCT
- Couch J
- Cowen M
- Cox M
- Craig C
- Crnjac A
- da Rocha JRM
- Da Roit A
- da Silva R
- Dal Cero M
- Damburaci N
- Darling G
- Das N
- Davies A
- Davies N
- Davis P
- Dawas K
- de Maat M
- De Manzoni G
- De Pasqual CA
- Del Val ID
- Devadas M
- Dexter S
- Di Maggio F
- Diaz LC
- Dikinis S
- Dingle A
- Dobson G
- Donlon N
- Drasovean R
- Duarte S
- Duong C
- Dwerryhouse S
- Dzhendov T
- Ebeling M
- Eckardt J
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- Elhadi A
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- Kamarajah SK
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- Liakakos T
- Liem H
- Lindberg F
- Liptay MJ
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- Lopes LR
- Lorenzi B
- Loureiro C
- MacCormick A
- Macdonald A
- MacKay C
- Magadan AC
- Mahendran HA
- Mahendran HA
- Makey IA
- Makkai-Popa ST
- Makuuchi R
- Manatakis DK
- Manby P
- Martijnse I
- Martinez ET
- Martins PC
- Mastrosimone A
- Matos H
- Matthijsen R
- Maynard N
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- McAnena O
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- McGregor R
- McKay S
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- McLaughlin E
- McQuillan P
- Medina-Franco H
- Meguid RA
- Mehta S
- Mejia-Fernandez L
- Melhadot R
- Memon AH
- Menon V
- Mercer S
- Merigliano S
- Merilainen S
- Michalinos A
- Mickael C
- Migliore M
- Miravalles JLR
- Mirza ZU
- Mistry P
- Mitchell JD
- Mitton D
- Mogoanta SS
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed I
- Monig S
- Monteiro C
- Moreno GM
- Moreno JI
- Morten B
- Mortensen PB
- Mosse C
- Moussa O
- Mpali E
- Mpoura M
- Mukherjee D
- Mukherjee S
- Murphy T
- Mwachiro E
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- Naeem A
- Naqi SA
- Nasir I
- Nega B
- Negoi I
- Negoi I
- Negoita V
- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
- Niebisch S
- Niihara M
- Nijjar R
- Nino-Torres L
- Noaman I
- Noor MA
- Obleaga CV
- Odera A
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- Ortega J
- Owera A
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- Pais SA
- Paitici S
- Pal KMI
- Palazzo F
- Palser T
- Pang WS
- Pascual MAC
- Patel K
- Patel R
- Patil P
- Pazdro A
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- Pinho AC
- Pomar AP
- Powell A
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- Predescu D
- Provenzano L
- Pucher P
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- Pursnani K
- Qudus SBA
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- Qureshi AU
- Racu AE
- Ramon JM
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- Rosero G
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- Salmaso B
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- Sanchez DP
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- Santos EPG
- Sarela A
- Sartarelli L
- Sarwar MZ
- Sayyed RH
- Sayyed RH
- Scarpa M
- Schiller M
- Schizas D
- Schneider PM
- Schnider A
- Scott CD
- Scurtu RR
- Seder CW
- Sekhniaidze D
- Sevcikova M
- Sevinc B
- Sgromo B
- Shabbir A
- Shaikh K
- Shakeel O
- Sharp C
- Shea P
- Shebani AO
- Shehzadi A
- Shetty V
- Shneider V
- Shrotri M
- Siaw-Acheampong K
- Siemsen M
- Singh A
- Singh M
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- Singh P
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- Skipworth R
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- So JBY
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- Spillane J
- Srinathan S
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- Stoica B
- Sue LH
- Suilleabhain CBO
- Sujendran V
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- Syed AA
- Takeda FR
- Takeda FR
- Talbot M
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- Tan B
- Tan JH
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- Tan YR
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- Tercioti V
- Tewari N
- Tez M
- Thannimalai S
- Theodorou D
- Theophilidou E
- Thomas M
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- Thorsteinsson M
- Tinoco CC
- Tirnaksiz MB
- Tizazu A
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- Tomsa R
- Tonini V
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- Turkyilmaz A
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- van Workum F
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- Viswanath YKS
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- Wijnhoven BPL
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- Zakir Z
- Zanotti D
- Zheng R
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Background: No evidence currently exists characterising global outcomes following major cancer surgery, including esophageal cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise impact of high income countries (HIC) versus low and middle income countries (LMIC) on the outcomes following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.Method: This international multi-center prospective study across 137 hospitals in 41 countries included patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, with 90-day follow-up. The main explanatory variable was country income, defined according to the World Bank Data classification. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality, and secondary outcomes were composite leaks (anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis) and major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade III-V). Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%).Results: Between April 2018 to December 2018, 2247 patients were included. Patients from HIC were more significantly older, with higher ASA grade, and more advanced tumors. Patients from LMIC had almost three-fold increase in 90-day mortality, compared to HIC (9.4% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001). On adjusted analysis, LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day mortality (OR: 2.31, CI95%: 1.17-4.55, p = 0.015). However, LMIC were not independently associated with higher rates of anastomotic leaks (OR: 1.06, CI95%: 0.57-1.99, p = 0.9) or major complications (OR: 0.85, CI95%: 0.54-1.32, p = 0.5), compared to HIC.Conclusion: Resections in LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day postoperative mortality, likely reflecting a failure to rescue of these patients following esophagectomy, despite similar composite anastomotic leaks and major complication rates to HIC. These findings warrant further research, to identify potential issues and solutions to improve global outcomes following esophagectomy for cancer. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd, BASO similar to The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.
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- Abdalla Fc
- Abeliovich H
- Abraham Rt
- Acevedo-Arozena A
- Adeli K
- Agholme L
- Agnello M
- Agostinis P
- Aguirre-Ghiso Ja
- Ahn Hj
- Ait-Mohamed O
- Ait-Si-Ali S
- Akematsu T
- Akira S
- Al-Younes Hm
- Al-Zeer Ma
- Albert Ml
- Albin Rl
- Alegre-Abarrategui J
- Aleo Mf
- Alirezaei M
- Almasan A
- Almonte-Becerril M
- Amano A
- Amaravadi R
- Amarnath S
- Amer Ao
- Anantharam V
- Andrieu-Abadie N
- Ann Dk
- Anoopkumar-Dukie S
- Aoki H
- Apostolova N
- Arancia G
- Aris Jp
- Asanuma K
- Asare Ny
- Ashida H
- Askanas V
- Askew Ds
- Auberger P
- B\ue1nhegyi G
- B\ue9chet Dm
- Baba M
- Backues Sk
- Baehrecke Eh
- Bahr Ba
- Bai Xy
- Bailly Y
- Baiocchi R
- Baldini G
- Balduini W
- Ballabio A
- Bamber Ba
- Bampton Et
- Bartholomew Cr
- Bassham Dc
- Bast RC Jr
- Batoko H
- Bay Bh
- Beau I
- Begley Tj
- Behl C
- Behrends C
- Bekri S
- Bellaire B
- Bendall Lj
- Benetti L
- Berliocchi L
- Bernardi H
- Bernassola F
- Besteiro S
- Bhatia-Kissova I
- Bi X
- Biard-Piechaczyk M
- Blum Js
- Boise Lh
- Bonaldo P
- Boone Dl
- Bornhauser Bc
- Bortoluci Kr
- Bossis I
- Bost F
- Bourquin Jp
- Boya P
- Boyer-Guittaut M
- Bozhkov Pv
- Brady Nr
- Brancolini C
- Brech A
- Brenman Je
- Brennand A
- Bresnick Eh
- Brest P
- Bridges D
- Bristol Ml
- Brookes Ps
- Brown Ej
- Brumell Jh
- Brunetti-Pierri N
- Brunk Ut
- Bulman De
- Bultman Sj
- Bultynck G
- Burbulla Lf
- Bursch W
- Butchar Jp
- Buzgariu W
- Bydlowski Sp
- Cadwell K
- Cahov\ue1 M
- Cai D
- Cai J
- Cai Q
- Calabretta B
- Calvo-Garrido J
- Camougrand N
- Campanella M
- Campos-Salinas J
- Candi E
- Cao L
- Caplan Ab
- Carding Sr
- Cardoso Sm
- Carew Js
- Carlin Cr
- Carmignac V
- Carneiro La
- Carra S
- Caruso Ra
- Casari G
- Casas C
- Castino R
- Cebollero E
- Cecconi F
- Celli J
- Chaachouay H
- Chae Hj
- Chai Cy
- Chan Dc
- Chan Ey
- Chang Rc
- Che Cm
- Chen Cc
- Chen Gc
- Chen Gq
- Chen M
- Chen Q
- Chen Ss
- Chen W
- Chen X
- Chen X
- Chen X
- Chen Y
- Chen Y
- Chen Yg
- Chen Yj
- Chen Z
- Cheng A
- Cheng Ch
- Cheng Y
- Cheong H
- Cheong Jh
- Cherry S
- Chess-Williams R
- Cheung Zh
- Chevet E
- Chiang Hl
- Chiarelli R
- Chiba T
- Chin Ls
- Chiou Sh
- Chisari Fv
- Cho Ch
- Cho Dh
- Choi Am
- Choi D
- Choi Ks
- Choi Me
- Chouaib S
- Choubey D
- Choubey V
- Chu Ct
- Chuang Th
- Chueh Sh
- Chun T
- Chwae Yj
- Chye Ml
- Ciarcia R
- Ciriolo Mr
- Clague Mj
- Clark Rs
- Clarke Pg
- Clarke R
- Codogno P
- Coller Ha
- Colombo Mi
- Comincini S
- Condello M
- Condorelli F
- Cookson Mr
- Coombs Gh
- Coppens I
- Corbalan R
- Cossart P
- Costelli P
- Costes S
- Coto-Montes A
- Couve E
- Coxon Fp
- Cregg Jm
- Crespo Jl
- Cronj\ue9 Mj
- Cuervo Am
- Cullen Jj
- Czaja Mj
- D'Amelio M
- D\uedaz-Araya G
- D\uedaz-Laviada I
- Darfeuille-Michaud A
- Davids Lm
- Davies Fe
- De Felici M
- de Groot JF
- de Haan CA
- De Martino L
- De Milito A
- De Tata V
- Debnath J
- Degterev A
- Dehay B
- Delbridge Lm
- Demarchi F
- Deng Yz
- Dengjel J
- Dent P
- Denton D
- Deretic V
- Desai Sd
- Devenish Rj
- Di Gioacchino M
- Di Paolo G
- Di Pietro C
- Diaz-Meco Mt
- Diaz-Nido J
- Dikic I
- Dinesh-Kumar Sp
- Ding Wx
- Distelhorst Cw
- Diwan A
- Djavaheri-Mergny M
- Dokudovskaya S
- Dong Z
- Dorsey Fc
- Dosenko V
- Dowling Jj
- Doxsey S
- Dreux M
- Drew Me
- Duan Q
- Duchosal Ma
- Duff K
- Dugail I
- Durbeej M
- Duszenko M
- Edelstein Cl
- Edinger Al
- Egea G
- Eichinger L
- Eissa Nt
- Ekmekcioglu S
- El-Deiry Ws
- Elazar Z
- Elgendy M
- Ellerby Lm
- Eng Ke
- Engelbrecht Am
- Engelender S
- Erenpreisa J
- Escalante R
- Esclatine A
- Eskelinen El
- Espert L
- Espina V
- F\ue9s\ufcs L
- Fan H
- Fan J
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- Fanto M
- Fanzani A
- Farkas T
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- Faure M
- Fechheimer M
- Feng Cg
- Feng J
- Feng Q
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- Feuer R
- Figueiredo-Pereira Me
- Fimia Gm
- Fingar Dc
- Finkbeiner S
- Finkel T
- Finley Kd
- Fiorito F
- Fisher Ea
- Fisher Pb
- Flajolet M
- Florez-McClure Ml
- Florio S
- Fon Ea
- Fornai F
- Fortunato F
- Fotedar R
- Fowler Dh
- Fox Hs
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- Frankel Lb
- Fransen M
- Fuentes Jm
- Fueyo J
- Fujii J
- Fujisaki K
- Fujita E
- Fukuda M
- Furukawa Rh
- Gaestel M
- Gailly P
- Gajewska M
- Galliot B
- Galy V
- Ganesh S
- Ganetzky B
- Ganley Ig
- Gao Fb
- Gao Gf
- Gao J
- Garcia L
- Garcia-Manero G
- Garcia-Marcos M
- Garmyn M
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- Gautel M
- Gawriluk Tr
- Gegg Me
- Geng J
- Germain M
- Gestwicki Je
- Gewirtz Da
- Ghavami S
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- Giammarioli Am
- Giatromanolaki An
- Gibson Sb
- Gilkerson Rw
- Ginger Ml
- Ginsberg Hn
- Golab J
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- Golstein P
- Gomez-Manzano C
- Goncu E
- Gongora C
- Gonz\ue1lez-Est\ue9vez C
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- Gottlieb Ra
- Gozuacik D
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- H\uf6hfeld J
- H\uf8yer-Hansen M
- Halayko Aj
- Hale An
- Halonen Sk
- Hamasaki M
- Han F
- Han T
- Hancock Mk
- Hansen M
- Harada H
- Harada M
- Hardt Se
- Harper Jw
- Harris Al
- Harris J
- Harris Sd
- Hashimoto M
- Haspel Ja
- Hayashi S
- Hazelhurst La
- He C
- He Yw
- Heidenreich Ka
- Helfrich Mh
- Helgason Gv
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- Hofman P
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- Hung Th
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- Hur Gm
- Hurley Jb
- Hussain Sn
- Hussey Pj
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- Ichihara A
- Ilkhanizadeh S
- Inoki K
- Into T
- Iovane V
- Iovanna Jl
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- Isaka Y
- Ishida H
- Isidoro C
- Isobe K
- Iwasaki A
- Izquierdo M
- Izumi Y
- J\ue4\ue4ttel\ue4 M
- Jaakkola Pm
- Jackson Gr
- Jackson Wt
- Janji B
- Jendrach M
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- Kanamori H
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- Kaushik S
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- Kerkhoff C
- Kessel Dh
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- Kiel Ja
- Kiger Aa
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- Kirkin V
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- Klimecki Wt
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- Korolchuk Vi
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- Kr\ue4mer H
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- Kroemer G
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- Ktistakis Nt
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- Kucharczyk R
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- Lieberman A
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- Lim K
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- Lin Jd
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- Lippincott-Schwartz J
- Lisanti Mp
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- Liu B
- Liu Cf
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- Liu L
- Liu Qa
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- Lonial S
- Loos B
- Lopez-Berestein G
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- Luciano F
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- Macian F
- MacKeigan Jp
- Macleod Kf
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- Malagoli D
- Malicdan Mc
- Malorni W
- Man N
- Mandelkow Em
- Manon S
- Manov I
- Mao K
- Mao X
- Mao Z
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field