Clinical oxidative stress during leprosy multidrug therapy:impact of dapsone oxidation

This study aims to assess the oxidative stress in leprosy patients under multidrug therapy (MDT; dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin), evaluating the nitric oxide (NO) concentration, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and methemoglobin formation. For this, we analyzed 23 leprosy patients and 20 healthy individuals from the Amazon region, Brazil, aged between 20 and 45 years. Blood sampling enabled the evaluation of leprosy patients prior to starting multidrug therapy (called MDT 0) and until the third month of multidrug therapy (MDT 3). With regard to dapsone (DDS) plasma levels, we showed that there was no statistical difference in drug plasma levels between multibacillary (0.518±0.029 μg/mL) and paucibacillary (0.662±0.123 μg/mL) patients. The methemoglobin levels and numbers of Heinz bodies were significantly enhanced after the third MDTsupervised dose, but this treatment did not significantly change the lipid peroxidation and NO levels in these leprosy patients. In addition, CAT activity was significantly reduced in MDT-treated leprosy patients, while GSH content was increased in these patients. However, SOD and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity levels were similar in patients with and without treatment. These data suggest that MDT can reduce the activity of some antioxidant enzyme and influence ROS accumulation, which may induce hematological changes, such as methemoglobinemia in patients with leprosy. We also explored some redox mechanisms associated with DDS and its main oxidative metabolite DDS-NHOH and we explored the possible binding of DDS to the active site of CYP2C19 with the aid of molecular modeling software

Uso da Classificação Internacional para as Práticas de Enfermagem na assistência a mulheres mastectomizadas Uso de la Clasificación Internacional para las Prácticas de Enfermería en el cuidado a mujeres con mastectomía Using the International Classification for Nursing Practice in the care of women with mastectomy

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia participantes de um Programa de Reabilitação; identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais comuns e elaborar as intervenções para cada diagnóstico, utilizando a Classificação Internacional para as Práticas de Enfermagem - CIPE/versão1.0. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo realizado em hospital de referência para Oncologia em Vitória - ES. A amostra abrangeu 239 prontuários sorteados aleatoriamente e os dados, coletados em maio de 2008, focaram os registros das consultas de enfermagem às mulheres mastectomizadas. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 239 participantes, 64,8% tinham entre 40 e 59 anos, 55%, eram casadas, 48,2% cursaram o ensino fundamental incompleto, 60,7% eram da região metropolitana do Estado do ES e 34,3% exerciam atividades do lar. Os diagnósticos registrados não possuíam relação exclusiva com o câncer de mama e podem ser verificados em clientes com outras alterações de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: A CIPE utiliza métodos práticos para elaboração do diagnóstico e seleção das intervenções que facilitam a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem.<br>OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el perfil de las mujeres sometidas a mastectomía que participan de un programa de rehabilitación, con la finalidad de identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería más comunes y elaborar intervenciones para cada diagnóstico, utilizando la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE), versión1.0. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo realizado en un hospital de referencia de Oncología en la ciudad de Vitoria, ES. La muestra consistió de 239 expedientes seleccionados al azar y los datos fueron recolectados en mayo de 2008, el estudio se concentró en los registros de consultas de enfermería para mujeres con mastectomía. RESULTADOS: Entre las 239 participantes, 64.8% tenían entre 40 y 59 años, 55% estaban casadas, 48,2% terminaron la escuela primaria completa, 60,7% eran de la región metropolitana del estado de ES y 34,3 % ejercían las tareas del hogar. Los diagnósticos registrados no tenían relación exclusiva con el cáncer de mama y pueden ser verificados en clientes con otras alteraciones de salud. CONCLUSIÓN: La CIPE utiliza métodos prácticos para hacer el diagnóstico y la selección de las intervenciones que facilitan la sistematización de los cuidados de enfermería.<br>OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of women that underwent mastectomy and participated in a rehabilitation program, to identify the most common nursing diagnoses and interventions for each diagnosis, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), versión1.0. METHODS: It was a descriptive study conducted in a referral hospital for Oncology in the city of Vitoria, ES. The sample consisted of 239 randomly selected records and the data was collected in May 2008; the research focused on the records of nursing visits to women with mastectomies. RESULTS: Among the 239 participants, 64.8% were between 40 and 59 years, 55% were married, 48.2% finished the elementary school, 60.7% were from the metropolitan region of the ES state, and 34.3 % were housewives. The diagnoses recorded did not have exclusive relationship with breast cancer and may be found in clients with other health alterations. CONCLUSION: The ICNP uses practical methods for making the diagnosis and selection of interventions that facilitate the systematization of nursing care