Educação popular em saúde

Este livro faz parte dos materiais didáticos dos cursos de especialização para trabalhadores vinculados à Atenção Básica ofertados pela UFPE. O objetivo é proporcionar a reflexão dos estudantes sobre a educação em saúde articulada às atividades do cotidiano do trabalhador da saúde. Para isso, são trabalhados conceitos referentes às metodologias ativas de aprendizagem e também são apresentadas estratégias para trabalho com grupos

Position-based kinematics for 7-DoF serial manipulators with global configuration control, joint limit and singularity avoidance

This paper presents a novel analytic method to uniquely solve inverse kinematics of 7 degrees-of-freedom manipulators while avoiding joint limits and singularities. Two auxiliary parameters are introduced to deal with the self-motion manifolds: the global configuration (GC), which specifies the branch of inverse kinematics solutions; and the arm angle (ψ) that parametrizes the elbow redundancy within the specified branch. The relations between the joint angles and the arm angle are derived, in order to map the joint limits and singularities to arm angle values. Then, intervals of feasible arm angles for the specified target pose and global configuration are determined, taking joint limits and singularities into account. A simple metric is proposed to compute the elbow position according to the feasible intervals. When the arm angle is determined, the joint angles can be uniquely calculated from the position-based inverse kinematics algorithm. The presented method does not exhibit the disadvantages inherent to the use of the Jacobian matrix and can be implemented in real-time control systems. This novel algorithm is the first position-based inverse kinematics algorithm to solve both global and local manifolds, using a redundancy resolution strategy to avoid singularities and joint limits.This work was partially supported by the NETT Project [FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN-289146]; and Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal [grant number SFRH/BD/86499/2012].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quality of Life Following Liver Transplantation in Patients With Familial Amyloid Neuropathy

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the change in quality of life 12 months following liver transplantation in patients with Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP).MethodIn this study 150 transplant candidates, attending the outpatient clinic of a Liver Transplantation Centre in Lisbon, were assessed between March 1, 2006 and December 1, 2007. From these, 84 were transplanted, and 62 finished the study; 20 with FAP and 42 with Liver Disease (LD). These patients were assessed before, and 12 months after, transplantation. The patients that remained waiting for transplantation originated the control group. First, transplanted (study group) and non-transplanted (control group) patients were compared regardless of their diagnosis, and then only FAP patients were compared between both groups.Results12 months after transplantation the score on the Quality of Life’s Physical and Mental Component of the SF-36 was significantly higher in transplanted versus non-transplanted patients (concerning the whole group FAP and LD patients). However, significant differences were only found for the Quality of Life’s Physical Component subscale between both FAP groups (study and control group).ConclusionIn sum, liver transplantation does not have a significant impact in FAP patients’ Mental Quality of Life score. One possible reason to this is the fail in acquiring adaptive coping strategies after transplantation

Bullying escolar: proposta de um programa educativo de intervenção mediado pelos círculos de cultura

A violência escolar vem travando intensos debates atuais que extrapola o cenário escolar, requerendo o envolvimento de outros setores. Modelos de intervenção vem sendo desenvolvidos com o intuito de fomentar políticas anti-bullying e ações que contribuem para ressignificar o ambiente escolar enquanto local seguro, agradável e que é capaz de enfrentar os problemas sociais e desenvolver competências nas crianças. Este projeto de investigação faz parte da tese de doutorado a ser desenvolvida no Brasil com a contribuição de pesquisadores do CIEC-UM. O objetivo geral será implementar e avaliar um programa de intervenção anti-bullying em uma comunidade escolar. O desenho de pesquisa será alicerçado pelo modelo de métodos mistos, pois pretende combinar os métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, de modo a oferecer um olhar global do problema. O desenvolvimento do programa, será embasado numa estratégia de educação e saúde guiada pelo referencial teórico e metodológico freireano em diálogo com o modelo da Community-based participatory research (CBPR) uma prática de pesquisa orientada para o desenvolvimento de intervenções participativas objetivando mudanças na realidade. A avaliação da efetividade do programa será realizada por mensuração antes e após a intervenção, fazendo uso do questionáro de autorrelato sobre o bullying, escala de apoio social e ajustamento escolar. Pretende-se com este estudo defender a seguinte Tese: A construção e implementação de um programa anti-bullying, baseado em uma ação educativa dialógica, problematizadora, criativa e que destaca o papel dos adolescentes enquanto protagonistas para transformações no contexto social, poderá favorecer a diminuição da agressividade e da vitimização no cenário escolar. Este modelo de intervenção baseado na, e, com a escola visa agregar um conjunto de componentes que poderão se comportar de forma favorável para a minimização do comportamento agressivo e da vitimização entre os pares. Além disso, poderá fortalecer uma ação intersetorial para a promoção à saúde do escolar.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT

Automatic Denavit-Hartenberg parameter identification for serial manipulators

An automatic algorithm to identify Standard Denavit-Hartenberg parameters of serial manipulators is proposed. The method is based on geometric operations and dual vector algebra to process and determine the relative transformation matrices, from which it is computed the Standard Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters (ai, ai, di, θi). The algorithm was tested in several serial robotic manipulators with varying kinematic structures and joint types: the KUKA LBR iiwa R800, the Rethink Robotics Sawyer, the ABB IRB 140, the Universal Robots UR3, the KINOVA MICO, and the Omron Cobra 650. For all these robotic manipulators, the proposed algorithm was capable of correctly identifying a set of DH parameters. The algorithm source code as well as the test scenarios are publicly available.FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(SFRH/BD/86499/2012

Effects of an exercise training program in physical condition after liver transplantation in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a case report

Introduction: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to sensory and motor polyneuropathies as well as functional limitations. So far, liver transplantation is the only treatment for FAP because the mutated protein causing the disease is mainly produced in the liver. With the increasing survival of transplant recipients, functional and cardiovascular problems as consequences of immunosuppressant side effects are increasing associated with sedentary lifestyles and/or retransplantation status. We sought to analyze the impact of exercise training programs on 1 FAP patient’s course long-term after liver transplantation. Methodology. A FAP patient (female; 49 years of age; body mass index 18.8 kg/m2) underwent a liver transplantation 133 months before assessment. She was assessed for body composition, isometric quadriceps muscle strength, functional capacity, fatigue, and levels of physical activity before and after a 6-month period of combined exercise training. Results: After the exercise training program, almost all variables were improved, namely, total body skeletal muscle mass, proximal femoral bone mineral density, quadriceps strength, maximal oxygen consumption on 6 minutes walk test (6mwt) or VO2peak, total ventilation on 6mwt, and fatigue. The improvement in distance on 6mwt (69.2 m) was clinically significant. Preintervention the levels of physical activity were below international recommendations for health; after the program they achieved the recommendations. Conclusion: The results showed an improvement in functional capacity with a decrease in future disability risk associated with a better lifestyle with respect to physical activity levels in 1 patient

Grip strength changes in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy

Introdução: A polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar (PAF) é uma doença autossómica dominante neurodegenerativa relacionada com a deposição sistémica de fibras de amiloide essencialmente a nível do sistema nervoso periférico. Clinicamente, caracteriza-se por uma neuropatia sensitivo-motora iniciando-se quase sempre nos membros inferiores e comprometendo subsequentemente as mãos. Até agora, o único tratamento conhecido com efeitos positivos no atrasar da progressão da doença é o transplante hepático com medicação com efeitos negativos para o metabolismo muscular e consequentemente para a capacidade de produção de força. Do nosso conhecimento, não existem caracterizações quantitativas dos níveis de força nestes indivíduos nem comparações com a população saudável. Este conhecimento seria extremamente importante para verificar a evolução clínica e funcional desta doença e para a eventual prescrição adequada de um programa de reabilitação. Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo foi descrever e comparar os níveis de força de preensão (peak force) entre doentes PAF com ou sem transplante de fígado (PAFTx e PAFNTx, respectivamente) com um grupo de indivíduos saudáveis (GC). Material e métodos: A amostra total foi constituída por 206 indivíduos, divididos em três grupos: 59 indivíduos PAFNTx (23 homens, 36 mulheres; idade 35 ± 8 anos); 85 indivíduos PAFTx (52 homens, 33 mulheres; idade 34 ± 8 anos) e 62 GC (30 homens, 32 mulheres; idade 33 ± 9 anos). A força de preensão foi avaliada com um dinamómetro de preensão portátil E-Link (Biometrics Ltd, UK). Tanto as posições de medição como as ordens fornecidas foram estandardizadas. O valor de força máxima considerado foi classificado de acordo com as normas do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) para a força de preensão. Resultados: Os três grupos são diferentes (p < 0,05) no peso, no IMC e na força de preensão em ambas as mãos, bem como na resistência da mão esquerda. Foram encontradas correlações negativas entre a força e a idade, para os grupos PAFNTx e PAFTx, mas não para o grupo GC. Conclusões: De acordo com os nossos resultados, os indivíduos portadores de PAF apresentaram valores mais baixos para a força de preensão em ambas as mãos do que os indivíduos aparentemente saudáveis e consequentemente uma pior classificação nas normas do ACSM. A maioria dos doentes apresenta valores de força de preensão abaixo da média ou mesmo precária. Estes resultados poderão mostrar as implicações negativas na funcionalidade destes indivíduos e indicam também a necessidade de um programa de reabilitação com especificidade ao nível da motricidade da mão

Phenolic Compounds Profile of Brazilian Commercial Orange Juice

Orange juice is largely produced, exported and consumed in Brazil. It is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which are beneficial to the health of consumers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic compounds profile of commercial orange juice from Brazil using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-ESI-MS, and multivariate analysis. Forty-five phenolic compounds and one precursor were identified: cinnamic acid, 19 cinnamic acid derivatives, 8 flavanones and 18 flavones. Rutin, eriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, naringenin, nobiletin and tangeritin as well as caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were present in juices from all brands. Hesperidin and narirutin presented the highest levels considering all brands, while tangeretin and ferulic acid had the lowest levels in all juices. Principal component analysis of the phenolic compounds profile showed a wide variety among juices within the same brands, making it hard to perceive major differences among the brands

Follow up of the Legislation Advancement Along the Implementation of the Brazilian Telehealth Programme

Purpose: Brazil has adopted e-Health as a national policy applied to healthcare and education since 2006. The aim of the present study is to present the evolution of the legislation as it reflects the evolution of the Brazilian Telehealth Program along this period of time, as well as some learned lessons. Methods: To describe the evolution of the program, a model was adopted, and analysed  in parallel to the three main edicts that oriented the evolution of the  program. Results: The life cycle stages of e-health implementation were identified in the evolution of the 3 different stages of the Brazilian Telehealth Program and also reflected in the evolution of its legislation. The results of pilot project from the first stage was followed and guided the implementation of the National Program applied to primary health care in the second stage. The Program has been implemented all over the country, developed new concepts, became integrated to the Unified Health Systems not only in primary health care, but also include median and high complexity level of care. Conclusion: The Brazilian Telehealth Program, along his implementation and consolidation, established new concepts and had telehealth included in its roll of services. These accomplishments are reflected in the Brazilian legislation, which considers and applies e-Health as a national policy