Antioxidant activity and health effects from Malpighia emarginata fruit – a systematic review

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) is considered a superfruit due to high vitamin C content and the presence of phenolics that confer antioxidant potential. Increasing of chronic disorders and results of oxidative stress-related diseases has encouraged the search of new pharmacological strategies to face them. The present review discusses the available knowledge on health effects of Malpighia emarginata, including both in vivo and in vitro studies. Records in 1945–2022 were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases to get the bibliometric index of the published articles. In spite of bibliometric analysis advantages to knowing about the trends in a subject, this research requires methods to support the investigation process through the selection of a relevant bibliographic portfolio. This study also applied the Methodi Ordinatio which provides an approach to rank 29 relevant publications. Fifty-one research articles were reviewed. Much knowledge comes from in vitro explorations, such as chemical assays evaluating radical scavenging properties, glycemic and lipid oxidation inhibition, and reducing capacity of acerola fruit; similarly, research on cellular substrates and animal models generally measures antioxidant enzymes levels and other antioxidant markers, such as α-glycosidase and advanced glycation end products. Reviewed data suggest that some acerola fruit compounds are deserving of further investigation and more useful understanding of their antioxidant and neuroprotective potentials

Proximate composition and quantification of fatty acids in five major Brazilian chocolate brands Composição centesimal e quantificação de ácidos graxos nas cinco maiores marcas de chocolates do Brasil

Proximate composition and quantification of fatty acids in five major Brazilian chocolate brands Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos

Proximate composition and quantification of fatty acids in five major Brazilian chocolate brands

The objective of the present study was to characterize the centesimal composition and quantify fatty acids in regular and diet chocolate brands with emphasis on trans fatty acids. Regular and diet dark chocolate samples from the major brands analyzed were purchased from different local supermarkets in the city of Maringá. The brands were labeled with letters and five lots of each brand with three chocolate units per lot were analyzed in triplicate. We observed that the diet chocolates from the same brands presented larger lipid contents. The main fatty acids observed were saturated fatty acids (SFA), myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and estearic acid (18:0). Among the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and trans fatty acids, oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and elaidic acid (18:1-9t) predominated. The trans fatty acid contents found in the analyzed samples were lower than and/or in accordance with the limits proposed by the Brazilian regulation

Quantification of fatty acids in salmon fillets conserved by different methods

 Lipid contents and the composition of fatty acids of fillets from Chilean salmon (Salmo salar) were determined under different conservation methods: fresh salmon, frozen salmon, water-conserved canned salmon and frozen salmon in long-term storage. Fatty acid contents were determined by gas chromatography. The fillets had high lipid levels, ranging between 9.71 and 12.86%. All samples presented high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, between 363.69 and 425.30 mg g-1 of total lipids, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (294.46 - 342.45 mg g-1 of total lipids) and saturated fatty acids (203.32 - 223.17 mg g-1 of total lipids). Although samples revealed different lipid contents, all proved to be great sources of omega-3 fatty acids, regardless of the manner of conservation.

Incorporation and fatty acid composition in liver of Nile tilapia fed with flaxseed oil - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v33i2.7970

One of the most consumed freshwater fish in South America is Nile tilapia. The present study examined the effects of flaxseed oil (FO), source of alfa-linolenic acid (LNA), on the total lipid composition and polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-3 PUFA, contents on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver. Tilapias were given diets with increasing levels 0.00, 1.2, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00% (w w-1) of FO as a replacement of sunflower oil for five months. Fatty acids analysis of methyl esters revealed 45 fatty acids common to all treatments. The increase of flaxseed oil resulted in a decrease in total n-6 PUFA (35.1 to 21.1%) and an increase in n-3 PUFA (3.3 to 18.5%). The diet with LNA underwent sequential desaturation and elongation in liver, leading to an increase in all n-3 PUFA and a decrease in n-6/n-3 ratios (10.7 to 1.1). The manipulation of fatty acids with FO may be used to increase n-3 PUFA and to help balance n-6/n-3 PUFA in dietary supplements, thus, the liver tilapia becomes one product with major nutritional value.One of the most consumed freshwater fish in South America is Nile tilapia. The present study examined the effects of flaxseed oil (FO), source of alfa-linolenic acid (LNA), on the total lipid composition and polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-3 PUFA, contents on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) liver. Tilapias were given diets with increasing levels 0.00, 1.2, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00% (w w-1) of FO as a replacement of sunflower oil for five months. Fatty acids analysis of methyl esters revealed 45 fatty acids common to all treatments. The increase of flaxseed oil resulted in a decrease in total n-6 PUFA (35.1 to 21.1%) and an increase in n-3 PUFA (3.3 to 18.5%). The diet with LNA underwent sequential desaturation and elongation in liver, leading to an increase in all n-3 PUFA and a decrease in n-6/n-3 ratios (10.7 to 1.1). The manipulation of fatty acids with FO may be used to increase n-3 PUFA and to help balance n-6/n-3 PUFA in dietary supplements, thus, the liver tilapia becomes one product with major nutritional value