Jules Lavirotte (1864-1929) ou l’Art nouveau symboliste

Construits de 1898 à 1901 à Paris, les immeubles de l’avenue Rapp de Jules Lavirotte (1864-1929) sont aussi connus que peu étudiés. L’étude d’archives familiales inédites en provenance de l’épouse de l’architecte, l’artiste peintre Jane de Montchenu (1857-1924) permet l’écriture d’une biographie sensible, plus à même d’appréhender l’exubérance d’une signature architecturale idéaliste. Son inscription dans un symbolisme "fin de siècle" ouvre de nouveaux champs de recherche prometteurs par la prise en compte du sacré dans l’architecture privée et par le rôle émancipateur joué par la femme artiste. Elle illustrerait la diffusion à l’œuvre des idées théosophiques dans l’épanouissement formel du premier courant de l’Art nouveau, le Modern Style.Built from 1898 to 1901 in Paris, the buildings of Avenue Rapp by Jules Lavirotte (1864-1929) are as well known as little studied. Although rehabilitated since the 1960s, Art Nouveau remains a formidable moment of aesthetic and social utopia whose spiritual foundations remain unclear, due in particular to the lack of primary sources. The study of unpublished family archives from the architect’s wife, the painter Jane de Montchenu (1857-1924) allows the writing of a sensitive biography, more able to grasp the exuberance of an idealistic architectural signature. Its inscription in a late-century symbolism opens up promising new fields of research by taking into account the sacred in private architecture and by the emancipatory role played by female artist. It would illustrate the dissemination at work of theosophical ideas in the formal development of the first current of Art Nouveau, Modern style

How increasing tobacco prices affects the decision to star and quit smoking: evidence from Argentina

We study empirically the role of cigarettes prices on smoking onset and quitting in Argentina, using a continuous-time split population model. The findings in this paper suggest that increasing cigarettes prices, using taxes, has a larger effect on the starting age of smoking than on the quitting age. In particular, at the mean starting age of 15 years an increase of 20% in real cigarettes prices is expected to delay smoking onset by 3 years. On the other hand, the same policy is less effective to reduce the duration of the habit because, while negative, the relationship between the duration of the smoking habit and the real price of cigarettes is weak. A policy recommendation that emerges from this evidence is that for people with a developed addiction a combination of an increment in taxes and other public health policies, like cessation therapies, could be implemented to accelerate the time of quitting smoking

Combinador de información primaria y secundaria para extractor digital de datos de radar en sistemas de vigilancia

Tesis (Magister en Sistemas de Radar e Instrumentación)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, 2015.Maestría conjunta con el Instituto Universitario AeronáuticoUn extractor digital de datos de radar (E.D.D.R.) es un subsistema -de hardware y software- del Sistema de Radar, que permite la representación visual de las aero-naves detectadas. A nivel de software, puede considerarse al E.D.D.R. compuesto de una serie de aplicaciones interactuantes: los procesadores de información primaria y secundaria, la aplicación de asociación primaria y secundaria (o Combinador) y la aplicación de seguimiento de objetivos o Tracker, en inglés. En el presente trabajo se muestra el proceso de rediseño, implementación y validación de la aplicación de software de asociación de información primaria y secundaria de un E.D.D.R. perteneciente a un Sistema de Radar militar de vigilancia de largo alcance de la Fuerza Aérea Argentina (FAA)

sciCSR infers B cell state transition and predicts class-switch recombination dynamics using single-cell transcriptomic data

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is an integral part of B cell maturation. Here we present sciCSR (pronounced 'scissor', single-cell inference of class-switch recombination), a computational pipeline that analyzes CSR events and dynamics of B cells from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. Validated on both simulated and real data, sciCSR re-analyzes scRNA-seq alignments to differentiate productive heavy-chain immunoglobulin transcripts from germline 'sterile' transcripts. From a snapshot of B cell scRNA-seq data, a Markov state model is built to infer the dynamics and direction of CSR. Applying sciCSR on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination time-course scRNA-seq data, we observe that sciCSR predicts, using data from an earlier time point in the collected time-course, the isotype distribution of B cell receptor repertoires of subsequent time points with high accuracy (cosine similarity ~0.9). Using processes specific to B cells, sciCSR identifies transitions that are often missed by conventional RNA velocity analyses and can reveal insights into the dynamics of B cell CSR during immune response

Characterization of the CD4+ T Cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus during Primary and Persistent Infection

The CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is well characterized. Much less is known about the evolution of the CD4+ T cell response. Here we show that EBV stimulates a primary burst of effector CD4+ T cells and this is followed by a period of down-regulation. A small population of EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells survives during the lifelong persistent phase of infection. The EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells accumulate within a CD27+ CD28+ differentiation compartment during primary infection and remain enriched within this compartment throughout the persistent phase of infection. Analysis of CD4+ T cell responses to individual epitopes from EBV latent and lytic cycle proteins confirms the observation that the majority of the effector cells express both CD27 and CD28, although CD4+ T cells specific for lytic cycle antigens have a greater tendency to express CD45RA than those specific for the latent antigens. In clear contrast, effector CD4+ T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) accumulate within the CD27− CD28+ and CD27− CD28− compartments. There are striking parallels in terms of the differentiation of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV and CMV. The results challenge current ideas on the definition of memory subsets

Differences in antigen-specific CD4+ responses to opportunistic infections in HIV infection

HIV-infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency are at risk of opportunistic infection (OI). Tuberculosis (TB) may occur without substantial immune suppression suggesting an early and sustained adverse impact of HIV on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI). This prospective observational cohort study aimed to observe differences in OI-specific and MTB-specific CMI that might underlie this. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we compared CD4+ responses to MTB, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Candida albicans in individuals with and without HIV infection. MTB-specific CD4+ T-cells were more polyfunctional than virus specific (CMV/EBV) CD4+ T-cells which predominantly secreted IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) only. There was a reduced frequency of IFN-γ and IL-2 (IL-2)-dual-MTB-specific cells in HIV-infected individuals, which was not apparent for the other pathogens. MTB-specific cells were less differentiated especially compared with CMV-specific cells. CD127 expression was relatively less frequent on MTB-specific cells in HIV co-infection. MTB-specific CD4+ T-cells PD-1 expression was infrequent in contrast to EBV-specific CD4+ T-cells. The variation in the inherent quality of these CD4+ T-cell responses and impact of HIV co-infection may contribute to the timing of co-infectious diseases in HIV infection

Comparison of screening strategies to improve the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in the HIV-positive population: a cohort study

Background HIV is the most important risk factor for progression of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB). Detection and treatment of LTBI is necessary to reduce the increasing burden of TB in the UK, but a unified LTBI screening approach has not been adopted. Objective To compare the effectiveness of a TB risk-focused approach to LTBI screening in the HIV-positive population against current UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Two urban HIV treatment centres in London, UK. Participants 114 HIV-infected individuals with defined TB risk factors were enrolled prospectively as part of ongoing studies into HIV and TB co-infection. Outcome measures The yield and case detection rate of LTBI cases within the research study were compared with those generated by the NICE criteria. Results 17/114 (14.9%, 95% CI 8.3 to 21.5) had evidence of LTBI. Limiting screening to those meeting NICE criteria for the general population (n=43) would have detected just over half of these, 9/43 (20.9%, 95% CI 8.3 to 33.5) and those meeting criteria for HIV co-infection (n=74) would only have captured 8/74(10.8%, 95% CI 3.6 to 18.1) cases. The case detection rates from the study and NICE approaches were not significantly different. LTBI was associated with the presence of multiple TB risk factors (p=0.002). Conclusion Adoption of a TB risk-focused screening algorithm that does not use CD4 count stratification could prevent more cases of TB reactivation, without changing the case detection rate. These findings should be used to inform a large-scale study to create unified guidelines

Daño por hidrógeno

En este trabajo se detalla un análisis de falla realizado sobre una columna de lavado de CO2, perteneciente a una planta de síntesis de amoníaco. Se detectó un deterioro durante una revisión periódica preventiva mediante técnicas ultrasónicas convencionales utilizando presentación de datos tipo B Scan, a través de un barrido desde el exterior de la columna. Una vez individualizadas las zonas dañadas se procedió a realizar una inspección interna observando corrosión localizada particularmente en la zona inferior de la columna por debajo del nivel de trabajo con numerosas y profundas picaduras. También, se observó corrosión en zonas donde la solución de proceso circulaba continuamente sobre la superficie metálica, se apreciaron socavaduras y estrías en el sentido del flujo. Se extrajeron muestras de chapa de la columna, las que fueron sometidas a diversos análisis de laboratorio para determinar el tipo de material y nivel de daño y establecer su correlación con los ensayos no destructivos efectuados en campo. Por medio de ensayos destructivos, en particular, de tracción lenta, y un exhaustivo análisis metalográfico se pudo verificar el daño por hidrógeno, fundamentalmente la fisuración inducida por el mismo. Dicho ataque está relacionado con la corrosión ácida superficial y directamente asociado con el grado de limpieza del acero, en particular, con el alto contenido de inclusiones y segregaciones orientadas en el sentido de laminación. Además, se realizó un estudio de elementos finitos para determinar las posibles zonas susceptibles al fenómeno de fisuración inducida por hidrógeno orientada por tensiones. En conclusión, el análisis de falla determinó que el fenómeno de corrosión fue daño por hidrógeno a baja temperatura, que indujo fisuras en el espesor de pared y en las zonas de mayores tensiones de la columnahttp://www.unl.edu.ar/materiales2014/index.php?act=showCategoria&id=1Fil: Baldo, Jorge E. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina.Fil: Dominguez, Alejandro A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina.Fil: Gozalvez, Juan C. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina.Fil: Montamat, Daniel G. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; Argentina.Otras Ingeniería de los Materiale