Vestuário inteligente e tecnológico em Portugal : análise das necessidades do mercado português

O presente artigo propõe-se apresentar uma análise do mercado português continental de vestuário tecnológico em geral. Podendo ser considerado como um nicho de mercado estratégico para a indústria têxtil e vestuário portuguesa, o reconhecimento das necessidades gerais dos seus potenciais utilizadores é uma necessidade primária para o seu correcto desenvolvimento e para a adaptação ao mercado nacional e internacional. Trata-se de um estudo único no seu género que pode ser considerado representativo do universo nacional e que exprime a visão da população universitária portuguesa, em tudo comparável às suas congéneres internacionais. QUESTÃO A EXPLORAR _ O termo vestuário tecnológico é utilizado como definição genérica para o vestuário técnico, vestuário de alta performance e/ou vestuário inteligente, esta definição designa um tipo de vestuário que, pelas suas características de incorporação de tecnologias, actua em áreas tão diferentes como a saúde, o desporto de alta competição, o lazer, a protecção civil, vestuário de trabalho, entre outros. Nesse sentido, conhecer o universo de eventuais utilizadores e conseguir descrever o mercado em termos de necessidades associadas a este tipo de vestuário é fundamental para o design deste tipo de peças e para que o seu futuro em termos de desenvolvimento de projectos e como objecto de estudo, mas também como elemento transaccionável, possibilite a sua maximização e adaptação aos mercados, permitindo a sua comercialização nacional e internacional. Riikka Matala (2005) refere que ao perguntar como a tecnologia [incluindo o vestuário] pode influenciar a vida das pessoas, as mulheres referem a tecnologia como um meio e os homens referem-na como sendo um produto. METODOLOGIA _ Para o desenvolvimento desta investigação, foram elaborados questionários que permitissem a caracterização dos inquiridos e as suas preferências em termos deste tipo de vestuário. Foram inquiridos cerca de 600 alunos do ensino superior, de diferentes universidades e institutos do território nacional continental, sendo todos eles estudantes de diferentes anos académicos e variadas áreas de aprendizagem. Participaram neste questionário alunos do norte de Portugal através da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho e do Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave; No centro de Portugal participaram os alunos da Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa e os alunos do Instituto Superior Ciências Educativas de Lisboa (ISCE) e ainda os alunos da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, em representação do sul de Portugal, participaram nos inquéritos os alunos da Universidade do Algarve. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS _ A importância da investigação produzida e a sua aplicação para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e novas áreas de inovação na indústria nacional revela-se de extrema importância no momento em que a indústria têxtil poderá ter a capacidade para abarcar nichos de mercado que até pouco tempo eram exclusivos de outras áreas como a da saúde, a do bem-estar, das ciências biomédicas ou ainda da reabilitação ou do lazer, de modo que as preocupações estéticas e as necessidades culturais possam ser equilibradas com as necessidades físicas e as características especificas do utilizador e do ambiente onde opera (McCann 2006). Graças às novas formas de comunicação oferecidas pela internet e também à mais alargada capacidade de deslocação dos jovens em geral, mas também graças aos programas de intercâmbio dos alunos inseridos no ensino superior, poderá ser comparável internacionalmente e poderá permitir um paralelismo quase que directo das apetências dos alunos ao nível internacional. Os resultados esperados poderão ser considerados reveladores das linhas principais e das tendências espectadas pelos jovens universitários que ao mesmo tempo poderão representar os utilizadores mais informados e próximos do mercado em questão. Tendo em conta as potencialidades deste tipo de mercado e tendo em conta a necessidade de aplicar a investigação produzida no meio académico para a inovação que Portugal poderá vir a proporcionar aos outros mercados europeus, este estudo recobre-se de elevada importância estratégica para este sector e para o país.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Evolution of insecticide resistance in non-target black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Argentina

Black flies, a non-target species of the insecticides used in fruit production, represent a severe medical and veterinary problem. Large increases in the level of resistance to the pyrethroids fenvalerate (more than 355-fold) and deltamethrin (162-fold) and a small increase in resistance to the organophosphate azinphos methyl (2-fold) were observed between 1996-2008 in black fly larvae under insecticide pressure. Eventually, no change or a slight variation in insecticide resistance was followed by a subsequent increase in resistance. The evolution of pesticide resistance in a field population is a complex and stepwise process that is influenced by several factors, the most significant of which is the insecticide selection pressure, such as the dose and frequency of application. The variation in insecticide susceptibility within a black fly population in the productive area may be related to changes in fruit-pest control. The frequency of individuals with esterase activities higher than the maximum value determined in the susceptible population increased consistently over the sampling period. However, the insecticide resistance was not attributed to glutathione S-transferase activity. In conclusion, esterase activity in black flies from the productive area is one mechanism underlying the high levels of resistance to pyrethroids, which have been recently used infrequently. These enzymes may be reselected by currently used pesticides and enhance the resistance to these insecticides.Fil: Montagna, Mónica Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol. CONICET- Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicologia Ambiental y Agrobiología del Comahue. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquimicas y Quimicas del Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Gauna, Lidia Ester. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Pechen, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol. CONICET- Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicologia Ambiental y Agrobiología del Comahue. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquimicas y Quimicas del Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Anguiano, Olga Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte; Argentin

Wood capillarity and deacetylation during eucalyptus alkaline impregnation. Suphidity effects and comparison between transverse directions

The relative ion transport capacity of wood, i.e., the Effective Capillary Cross Sectional Area (ECCSA), is determined in this work based on the analogy with the relation between the electrical conductivities of wood and liquid medium. Wood is treated under different conditions and then the corresponding ECCSAA (effective capillarity under alkali) is estimated from the value obtained in an inert solution at room temperature (ECCSAInert). The difference between radial and tangential ECCSAA-values can be considered similar irrespectively of pH, time, temperature and the presence of sodium sulfide in the treatment liquor. The results show that the degree of removal of native acetyl groups from hardwood O-acetyl-glucuronoxylan is determinant of a physical characteristic, the ECCSAA. A kinetic expression for Eucalyptus wood deacetylation is validated and used to establish the relationship between the acetyl content and ECCSAA in both directions.Fil: Inalbon, Maria Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica. Instituto de Tecnologia Celulosica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Montagna, Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica. Instituto de Tecnologia Celulosica; ArgentinaFil: Galván, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica. Instituto de Tecnologia Celulosica; ArgentinaFil: Demonte, Luciano. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica. Instituto de Tecnologia Celulosica; ArgentinaFil: Zanuttini, Miguel Angel Mario. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica. Instituto de Tecnologia Celulosica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; Argentin

Chemical characterization and toxicity of water-accommodated fraction of oil on the South American native species Hyalella curvispina

Chemical and toxicological crude oil analysis was performed on water-accommodated fraction of oil (WAF). This study characterized the chemical composition of WAF and its dissipation over a period of 192 h. Acute (96 h) and chronic (14 d) toxicity of WAF were evaluated on Hyalella curvispina from both reference (Los Barreales lake, LB) and hydrocarbon-contaminated (Durán stream, DS) sites. The total hydrocarbon (TPHs) concentration in WAF was 2.18 mg L−1. The dissipation rates of hydrocarbons in WAF showed a first-order kinetics, with half-lives ranging between 65 h-200 h. Amphipods from LB showed acute and chronic LC50 values of 0.33 and 0.018 mg L−1, respectively. Amphipods from DS exposed to pure WAF showed no mortality in either acute or chronic assays. Further biochemical and molecular research is required to determine the mechanisms underlying the resistance to WAF exposure on DS amphipods

Profiles of alkali concentration and galactoglucomannan degradation in kraft impregnation of Scots pine wood: Experimental observations and modeling

A deep understanding of alkali impregnation including the profiles of alkali concentration and hemicellulose degradation is necessary to analyze the optimization of current and innovative processes. In this paper, the impregnation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood is analyzed and modeled under consideration of deacetylation, reactions of acidic group, and galactoglucomannan (GGM) degradation. The immobile anionic groups activated by the ionization of lignin-derived OH groups are also considered for the assessment of the Donnan effect. Predicted profiles of sodium and hydroxide ions and acetyl group concentrations are compared to experimental results. The balance between impregnation and hemicellulose degradation levels is discussed based on the developed models. Expectedly, higher concentrations and temperatures speed up the impregnation process. Nevertheless, a higher OH-concentration has two benefits for the same impregnation front position – the alkali charge inside the chip is higher and the GGM degradation is lower.Fil: Montagna, Pablo Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulosica; ArgentinaFil: Nieminen, Kaarlo. Alto University.; FinlandiaFil: Inalbon, Maria Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulosica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Sixta, Herbert. Alto University; FinlandiaFil: Zanuttini, Miguel Angel Mario. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulosica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Exploring the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum) for seawater temperature reconstruction

© The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 186 (2016): 11-23, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2016.07.001.Here we provide first evidence that the stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C) of the high-magnesium calcite skeleton red coral Corallium rubrum can be used as a reliable seawater temperature proxy. This is based upon the analyses of living colonies of C. rubrum from different depths and localities in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The assessment of the growth rates has been established through the analysis of growth band patterns. The δ18O and δ13C compositions show large variability with a significant difference between the branches and the bases of the colonies. In both coral portions, the δ18O and δ13C values are highly correlated and show well-defined linear trends. Following the “lines technique” approach developed by Smith et al. (2000) for scleractinian aragonitic deep-water corals, our data have been combined with published values for the deep-sea gorgonian corals Isididae and Coralliidae from Kimball et al. (2014) and Hill et al. (2011) resulting in the following δ18O temperature equation: T (°C) = 38 -5.05 ± 0.24 x (δ18Ointercept) + 14.26 ± 0.43 (R² = 0.962, p value < 0.0001) The error associated with this equation is ± 0.5 °C at the mean temperature of the data set, ± 0.7 °C for corals living in 2 °C water and ± 1 °C for coral living in warmer water (17 °C). The highly significant δ18Ointercept vs. temperature relationship combined with the “lines technique” method can be reliably applied to the calcitic skeleton to obtain calcification temperature estimates in the past, although this approach requires the knowledge of the past δ18O and δ13C composition of seawater and it is labor and time intensive.We are grateful for the financial support of the MISTRALS-PaleoMeX and ENVIMED projects.2018-07-0

Chlorpyrifos toxicity and detoxifying enzymes activities in three native-aquatic species of macroinvertebrates from an agricultural area

Non-target species from agricultural areas might be exposed to sublethal pesticide concentrations favoring survival and reproduction of the resistance individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate chlorpyrifos toxicity and detoxification enzymatic activities on three species (Hyalella curvispina, Heleobia parchappii and Girardia tigrina) from a drain channel with history of insecticide contamination (EF) and the Neuquén river (NR) in Argentina. Chlorpyrifos toxicity on amphipods (H. curvispina) and planarians (G. tigrina) from NR was about six-and two-fold higher than that of their counterparts from EF. Mean carboxylesterases (CarE) activities determined in the three species from NR were significantly different from EF, whereas mean glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were no significantly different. Finally, planarians from EF showed significantly higher mean 7-ethoxycoumarine O-deethylase (ECOD) activity than those from NR. Amphipods from both sites displayed similar ECOD activities. The present results suggest that chlorpyrifos resistance in amphipods from EF is not conferred by increased detoxification.Fil: Lares, Betsabe Ailén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: del Brío, Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Parra Morales, Laura Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Montagna, Cristina Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentin

Intraspecific Variation of the Composition of Linear Alkanes in Social Wasp Mischocyttarus consimilis

An important attribute of the evolution and maintenance of sociality in insects is their ability to distinguish members of their own colonies by means of chemical signals during their interactions. Of this type of signals, the cuticular hydrocarbons, responsible among other functions, for intraspecific recognition stand out. Linear alkanes are indicated as the class of compounds that would be most involved in water retention in the body of insects, however, some studies have investigated their role as mediators of interactions. Thus it is possible that there is significant intraspecific variation of its composition, so the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that linear alkanes vary significantly among populations, castes and sexes, as well as between newly emerged females of different ages of the Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán 1949 wasp. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results show that there is a significant variation between the chemical cuticular profiles of samples from different populations, as well as between castes, sex and newly emergent workers of different ages. Therefore, it is possible to infer that this class of compounds may vary according to genetic differences between populations, but also by different environmental conditions. The differences between castes, sex and ages suggest that these compounds may also be involved in mediating interactions between nestmates