Workplace Concentration of Immigrants

To what extent do immigrants and the native-born work in separate workplaces? Do worker and employer characteristics explain the degree of workplace concentration? We explore these questions using a matched employer-employee database that extensively covers employers in selected MSAs. We find that immigrants are much more likely to have immigrant coworkers than are natives, and are particularly likely to work with their compatriots. We find much higher levels of concentration for small businesses than for large ones, that concentration varies substantially across industries, and that concentration is particularly high among immigrants with limited English skills. We also find evidence that neighborhood job networks are strongly positively associated with concentration. The effects of networks and language remain strong when type is defined by country of origin rather than simply immigrant status. The importance of these factors varies by immigrant country of origin—for example, not speaking English well has a particularly strong association with concentration for immigrants from Asian countries. Controlling for differences across MSAs, we find that observable employer and employee characteristics account for about half of the difference between immigrants and natives in the likelihood of having immigrant coworkers, with differences in industry, residential segregation and English speaking skills being the most important factors

Does it Matter Who I Work For and Who I Work With? The Impact of Owners and Coworkers Birthplace and Race on Hiring and Wages

This paper investigates the effect of firm owners and coworkers on hiring patterns and wages. Firstly, I explore the potential mechanisms generating their interrelation. Using a search model where social networks reduce search frictions, I develop the theoretical implications of social ties between owners and workers for individual labor market outcomes. In the model, wages are derived endogenously as a function of the efficiency of the social ties of current employees. Firms decide whether to fill their vacancies by posting their offers or by using their current workers’ connections. As a result, individuals with a more efficient connection tend to receive higher wages. These findings highlight the potential importance of social connections and social capital for understanding employment opportunities and wage differentials. Secondly,using a unique matched sample from an employer-employee administrative database and a survey of characteristics of small firm owners, I analyze the impact of the birthplace of employers and individual coworkers (native versus immigrant) on firm hiring patterns and average log wages. First, I explore the effect of owner type on the composition of new hires. The results show that firms with immigrant owners are more likely to hire immigrant workers. Moreover, among immigrant owners, this prevalence is especially strong for Hispanic and Asian workers. I also find that the probability that a new hire is a native, non-Hispanic white or black is higher for native firms. Second, I estimate the impact of owners and coworkers place of birth on wage differentials across worker types, controlling for workers’ human capital. The results illustrate that much of the difference between the log annual wage of immigrants and natives comes from immigrants’ propensity to work in non-native owned firms, which pay the lowest average wages. Interestingly, though, native workers holding a job in immigrant firms are paid less than immigrant workers. The paper concludes by discussing the extent to which the empirical findings can account for the model

Health Perpetuation: The impact of parent region of born on children use of health care and health status

Children of immigrants have received increasing attention in recent years because first and secondgeneration children of immigrant families are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. This paper addresses the relationship between child access to and use of health services, and perceived health, and parental nativity after controlling for enabling, predisposing and need variables discussed in the literature. Even though socioeconomic variability and background cannot entirely explain health differences across children, it is important to know the intergenerational effects of health inequalities among different groups. Using data from from the Integrated Health Interview Series from 2000 to 2009, I analyze the hypothesis that children of immigrants would perpetuate their parents’ health outcomes compared to children of natives by having lower health service utilization and lacking a usual place of care. Therefore, the issue on children of immigrant families health outcomes is not only one of access to care but also of how to actively incorporate these groups of parents into the health system so their kids would have better outcomes. Targeting the question of nativity would allow me to evaluate this matching outcomes almost completely ignored by the health and immigration literature

A Matching Model on the Use of Immigrant Social Networks and Referral Hiring

Using a simple search model, with urn-ball derived matching function, this paper investigates the effect of firm owner’s and coworkers’ nativity on hiring patterns and wages. In the model, social networks reduce search frictions and wages are derived endogenously as a function of the efficiency of the social ties of current employees. As a result, individuals with more efficient connections tend to receive higher wages and lower unemployment rate. However, because this efficiency depends on matching with same-type owners and coworkers, there is also a differential effect among workers’ wages in the same firm. This analysis highlights the potential importance of social connections and social capital for understanding employment opportunities and wage differentials between these groups

Unraveling the Hispanic Health Paradox

In 2019, Hispanics in the US had a life expectancy advantage of 3.0 years and 7.1 years over non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, respectively, despite having real-household income values 26 percentage points lower than Non-Hispanic White households. Hispanics appear to have equal or even better health outcomes relative to non-Hispanic Whites across various health measures. This is known as the Hispanic health paradox. This paper underscores the importance of disaggregating Hispanics by ancestry and age profile when discussing the paradox across key health outcomes. It also provides an overview of the leading explanations, such as the salmon bias and the healthy immigrant effect. Further, it highlights the role of healthcare access and usage in this discussion. Ignoring these sources of bias have important consequences for how morbidity and mortality among Hispanics are measured within widely used national datasets

Firm Owners and Workers: An Analysis of Immigrants and Ethnic Concentration

This dissertation consists of three chapters examining the important role of firm and coworker characteristics, as well as the use of social networks, in labor markets. The first paper investigates the effect of firm owners and coworkers on hiring patterns and wages. Immigrant-owned firms are more likely to hire immigrant workers. This prevalence is especially strong for Hispanic and Asian workers. We also find that the probability that a new hire is a Hispanic is higher for immigrant firms. On wage differentials, the results illustrate that much of the difference between the log annual wages of immigrants and natives can be explained by immigrants' propensity to work in non-native owned firms, which pay the lowest average wages. Interestingly, though, native workers holding a job in immigrant firms are paid less than immigrant workers. The last section examines the potential mechanisms for these findings. It explores the importance of job referral and use of networks for migrants in labor markets. We consider the theoretical implications of social ties between owners and workers in this context. Firms decide whether to fill their vacancies by posting their offers or by using their current workers' connections. Next, we explore the patterns of immigrant concentration relative to native workers at the establishment level in a sample of metropolitan areas. Immigrants are much more likely to have immigrant coworkers than are natives, and are particularly likely to work with others from the same country of origin, even within local markets. The concentration of immigrants is higher for recent immigrants and interestingly for older immigrants. We find large differences associated with establishment size that cannot be explained solely by statistical aggregation. Exploring the mechanisms that underlie these patterns, we find that proxies for the role of social networks, as well as the importance of language skills in the production process, are important correlates of immigrant concentration in the workplace

Remote assessment of learning during the pandemic: junior high school teachers’ experiences

This paper explores the teachers’ experiences of remote assessment in the Junior High School of Rizal Technological University. The qualitative study was used to determine the assessment methods used during the remote learning in terms of written and performance task and identify the most effective among other difficulties faced by the teachers in comparison with face-to-face. Data of the paper were obtained by conducting interviews that use open-ended questions from 10 participants who teach in the School Year 2021-2022. The analysis of the study was done according to themes and categories and participants’ answers were quotes excerpted from the transcripts. The study’s conclusion emphasizes the significance of carefully planning exams to guarantee academic integrity. With emphasis on the need to focus on cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor abilities when designing learning exams, especially for online learning, as well as the use of technology tools to monitor results and prevent dishonest behavior during online assessments. Finally, a complementary technique for evaluating students while they are engaged in online learning through teaching resources or learning management systems must be available

Manifestaciones retinianas de las enfermedades infecciosas

The retina and the choroids are richly vascularised structures and can therefore be colonised by germs via the haematogenous route in the course of a systemic infectious disease. The germs responsible for this type of infection can be fungi, viruses, bacteria and parasites. Ocular candidiasis is outstanding amongst these colonisations because of its frequency; it can manifest itself as an endophthalmitis with a slow and hidden course. The so-called ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, although it is infrequent in our setting, is an important cause of choroidal neovascularisation. The viruses that most frequently affect the retina are of the herpes type and can produce devastating symptoms in immunoincompetent patients, named acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Retinitis due to cytomegalovirus is more frequent in immunodepressed patients, as in the case of AIDS, but it must also be contemplated in patients with lymphoma and immunomodulatory treatment. The most frequent bacterial diseases that affect the retina are syphilis and tuberculosis. Disease due to cat scratches, caused by a borrelia, can produce a neuroretinitis. Toxoplasmosis is the most common of the infectious diseases caused by a parasite and gives rise to chorioretinitis. Toxocariasis, also caused by a parasite, is second in importance, giving rise to choroidal granulomas and retinal tractions

Somatic SNCA Copy Number Variants in Multiple System Atrophy Are Related to Pathology and Inclusions

BACKGROUND: Somatic α-synuclein (SNCA) copy number variants (CNVs, specifically gains) occur in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease brains. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare somatic SNCA CNVs in MSA subtypes (striatonigral degeneration [SND] and olivopontocerebellar atrophy [OPCA]) and correlate with inclusions. METHODS: We combined fluorescent in situ hybridization with immunofluorescence for α-synuclein and in some cases oligodendrocyte marker tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP). RESULTS: We analyzed one to three brain regions from 24 MSA cases (13 SND, 11 OPCA). In a region preferentially affected in one subtype (putamen in SND, cerebellum in OPCA), mosaicism was higher in that subtype, and cells with CNVs were 4.2 times more likely to have inclusions. In the substantia nigra, nonpigmented cells with CNVs and TPPP were about six times more likely to have inclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between SNCA CNVs and pathology (at a regional level) and inclusions (at a single-cell level) suggests a role for somatic SNCA CNVs in MSA pathogenesis. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Criterios de implementación ISO 14000: 2015 Caso estudio sector Alfarero.

Lista de chequeo para realizar la revisión ambiental inicial RAI.Este proyecto está orientado inicialmente a la mejora de la calidad ambiental, indagando en cada uno de los procesos de producción de la industria alfarera en general, donde por medio de normas se busca hacer una producción más limpia pegándose a la ley para que esta empresa funcione cuidando el medio ambiente.This project is initially aimed at improving the environmental quality, investigating each of the processes of production of the pottery industry in general, where means of standards is to make a cleaner production sticking to the law so that this company works by taking care environment