Relating transverse structure of various parton distributions

We present the results of T-even TMDs in a light front quark-diquark model of nucleons with the wave functions constructed from the soft-wall AdS/QCD prediction. The relations amongst TMDs are discussed. The $p_\perp$ dependence of the TMDs are compared with the $t$-dependence of the GPDs. AdS/QCD wave function provides an explanation behind the approximate $x$ and $p_\perp$ factorization observed in lattice TMD calculations.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, modified extensively, added new results and discusssion

Metadata Creation Methods: A Study

Metadata makes information meaningful. Creation of metadata records is a continuous and sequential task. Assignment of metadata values manually is time consuming as it depends on the skill(s) of the individuals involved. Metadata extraction can be availed with the help of machine enabled methods. Semi-automatic metadata creation is a reliable method that is being used effectively for resource description. Automatic metadata extraction tools correctly retrieve various technical values from objects. This paper discusses about different metadata creation methods available in the literature

Gluon distributions in the proton in a light-front spectator model

We formulate a light-front spectator model for the proton incorporating the gluonic degree of freedom. In this model, at high energy scattering of the proton, the active parton is a gluon and the rest is viewed as a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ spectator with an effective mass. The light front wave functions of the proton are constructed using a soft wall AdS/QCD prediction and parameterized by fitting the unpolarized gluon distribution function to the NNPDF3.0nlo data set. We investigate the helicity distribution of gluon in this model. We find that our prediction for the gluon helicity asymmetry agrees well with existing experimental data and satisfies the perturbative QCD constraints at small and large longitudinal momentum regions. We also present the transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) for gluon in this model. We further show that the model-independent Mulders-Rodrigues inequalities are obeyed by the TMDs computed in our model.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Metadata Creation Methods: A Study

Metadata makes information meaningful. Creation of metadata records is a continuous and sequential task. Assignment of metadata values manually is time consuming as it depends on the skill(s) of the individuals involved. Metadata extraction can be availed with the help of machine enabled methods. Semi-automatic metadata creation is a reliable method that is being used effectively for resource description. Automatic metadata extraction tools correctly retrieve various technical values from objects. This paper discusses about different metadata creation methods available in the literature

A new strategy for improvement of tamarind seed based chicken diet after microbial detannification and assessment of its safety aspects

Tamarind seed, an abundant agricultural waste, contains a large amount of naturally occurring anti-nutrient, tannin. This study aimed at evaluating the detannification efficiency of tannase producing Bacillus subtilis PAB2 in comparison with enzymatic and conventional physical techniques, and assessment of its health promoting effect in chicken model. Microbial fermentation resulted in lowering of 80.8% tannin, whereas enzymatic and physical treatment removed only 48 and 28.6%, respectively. To assess the health beneficial effects, experimental schedule for poultry chicken model was designed viz., (T1) commercial food, (T2) T1+tamarind seeds, (T3) T1+enzymatic detannified seeds and (T4) T1+ fermented seeds. It was found that physiological indices of chicken in T4 group improved more than T2, but those were comparable with T1 and T3. The level of total plasma protein, albumin and other haematological parameters also significantly (P<0.05) improved in T4 more than T2. The quantities of small intestinal indicator microbes like Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Yeast sp. in T4 group increased more than T2. Thus, fermentation led to quality improvement of raw tamarind seed which suggested its employment as an alternative feedstock for poultry chicken

On the (p,q)th Relative Order Oriented Growth Properties of Entire Functions

The relative order of growth gives a quantitative assessment of how different functions scale each other and to what extent they are self-similar in growth. In this paper for any two positive integers p and q, we wish to introduce an alternative definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order which improves the earlier definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order as introduced by Lahiri and Banerjee (2005). Also in this paper we discuss some growth rates of entire functions on the basis of the improved definition of relative (¿�, ¿�)th order with respect to another entire function and extend some earlier concepts as given by Lahiri and Banerjee (2005), providing some examples of entire functions whose growth rate can accordingly be studied.Sánchez Ruiz, LM. (2014). On the (p,q)th Relative Order Oriented Growth Properties of Entire Functions. Abstract and Applied Analysis. 1-8. doi:10.1155/2014/826137S18Sato, D. (1963). On the rate of growth of entire functions of fast growth. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 69(3), 411-415. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1963-10951-9Beardon, A. F. (Ed.). (1991). Iteration of Rational Functions. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4422-6Bergweiler, W. (1991). Periodic points of entire functions: proof of a conjecture of Baker. Complex Variables, Theory and Application: An International Journal, 17(1-2), 57-72. doi:10.1080/1747693910881449

S-MRUT: Sectored-Multi Ring Ultrasonic Transducer for selective powering of brain implants

One of the main challenges of the current ultrasonic transducers for powering brain implants is the complexity of focusing ultrasonic waves in various axial and lateral directions. The available transducers usually use electrically controlled phased array for beamforming the ultrasonic waves, which increases the complexity of the system even further. In this paper, we propose a straightforward solution for selective powering of brain implants to remove the complexity of conventional phased arrays. Our approach features a Sectored-Multi Ring Ultrasonic Transducer (S-MRUT) on a single piezoelectric sheet, specifically designed for powering implantable devices for optogenetics in freely moving animals. The proposed uni-directional S-MRUT is capable of focusing the ultrasonic waves on brain implants located at different depths and regions of the brain. The S-MRUT is designed based on Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) theory, simulated in COMSOL, and fabricated with microfabrication process. The acoustic profile of the seven different configurations of the SMRUT were measured using a hydrophone with the total number of 7436 grid points. The measurements show the ability of the proposed S-MRUT to sweep the focus point of the acoustic waves in the axial direction in depths of 1 – 3mm, which is suitable for powering implants in the striatum of the mouse. Furthermore, the proposed S-MRUT demonstrates a steering area with the average radius of 0:862mm, and 0:678mm in experiments, and simulations, respectively. The S-MRUT is designed with the size of 3.8 × 3.8 × 0.5mm3 and the weight of 0:054gr, showing that it is compact and light enough to be worn by a mouse. Finally, the S-MRUT was tested in our measurement setup, where it successfully transfers sufficient power to a 2:8mm3 optogentic stimulator to turn on a microLED on the stimulator

Realization of high efficiency ultrasound-powered micro-LEDs for optogenetics

We present the fabrication, characterization, and demonstration of high-efficiency ultrasound-powered micro- light emitting diodes (μLED) for use in optogenetic applications. InGaN based blue-emitting LED material wafers grown on a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) were used to assist in the out-scattering of the light. The turn-on voltage of the LEDs is around 2.5 volts and the electrical ideality factor is 1.2 confirming high radiative recombination efficiency. A power density of more than 50 mW/mm2 was obtained from a 130 x 300 μm2 LED with a mesa of 100 μm diameter at 3 mA which is much more than is required to excite channelrhodopsin transfected neural cells. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 33% is obtained at 3 mA measured in an integrating sphere. The peak wavelength of the μLED was measured at 483 nm at different current densities. The μLEDs are integrated directly onto a rectifier and Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) harvester to realise a highly efficient ultrasound-powered light delivery unit capable to generate mWs of optical power. The concept was validated by powering the integrated device with ultrasound

Ultrasonically powered compact implantable dust for optogenetics

This paper presents an ultrasonically powered microsystem for deep tissue optogenetic stimulation. All the phases in developing the prototype starting from modelling the piezoelectric crystal used for energy harvesting, design, simulation and measurement of the chip, and finally testing the whole system in a mimicking setup are explained. The developed system is composed of a piezoelectric harvesting cube, a rectifier chip, and a micro-scale custom-designed light-emitting-diode (LED), and envisioned to be used for freely moving animal studies. The proposed rectifier chip with a silicon area of 300 μm × 300 μm is implemented in standard TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology, for interfacing the piezoelectric cube and the microLED. Experimental results show that the proposed microsystem produces an available electrical power of 2.2 mW while loaded by a microLED, out of an acoustic intensity of 7.2 mW/mm 2 using a (1 mm) 3 crystal as the receiver. The whole system including the tested rectifier chip, a piezoelectric cube with the dimensions of (500 μm) 3 , and a μLED of 300 μm × 130 μm have been integrated on a 3 mm × 1.5 mm glass substrate, encapsulated inside a bio-compatible PDMS layer and tested successfully for final prototyping. The total volume of the fully-packaged device is estimated around 2.85 mm 3

Characterization of an acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 and study of catalytic potential in response to nutritionally important heterogeneous compound

An acidophilic α-amylase from Aspergillus niger RBP7 was purified after solid state fermentation on potato peel substrate. Molecular mass of the purified α-amylase was 37.5 kDa and it exhibited 1.4 mg/ml and 0.992 μ/mol/min Km and Vmax values, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range from 2.0 to 6.0, at high NaCl concentration (3 M) and at temperatures between 40 °C and 70 °C. The enzyme showed an optimal activity at pH 3.0 and at 45 °C. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+ and was stable in the presence of different surfactants (Tween 60, Tween 80, and SDS at 1% level) and different inhibitory reagents (β-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and sodium azide). This acidophilic amylase enzyme can digest heterogeneous food materials, i.e. the mixture of rice, fish, bread and curry with comparable activity to the commercial diastase enzymes available