Prediction of spatial distribution for some land use allometric characteristics in land use planning models with geostatistic and Geographical Information System (GIS) (Case study: Boein and Miandasht, Isfahan Province, Iran)

Although traditional census can present unbiased information about different land uses, it is spatial independent and do not present particular  information about spatial distribution of studied characteristic. In this study, we used geostatistic and Geographical Information System (GIS) to estimate some different land uses allometric characteristics in Isfahan Province (Iran). Thus, samples information was surveyed considering their geographic position in the studied area. After optimizing variogram parameters,  empirical variogram was prepared to investigate spatial structure of different land uses allometric characteristics. Our results confirme that spatial  structure for the quantitative characteristics of different land uses has a moderate degree of spatial correlation, except for type variable that has no spatial structure. Nugget effect for variogram obtained from the quantitative characteristics of different land uses was equal to 35 to 64%. We used ordinary Kriging for preparing Kriging map and Kriging standard deviation of different land uses. Also, we used geostatistic and GIS to compare geostatistical and algebraic interpolation methods and nine different interpolation methods (Kriging, local polynomial methods, inverse distance weighted, radial basis functions, global polynomial, moving average  weighted, natural neighbor, nearest neighbor and triangulation with Linear Interpolation) were investigated. Spatial distribution of different land uses quantitative characteristics were validated with ordinary Kriging and algebraic methods. Our results confirm that ordinary Kriging has more accuracy than other methods for spatial prediction of different land uses quantitative characteristics.Key words: Geostatistic, interpolation method, land use allometric  characteristics, Kriging

Phytoplankton Assembly Effect in Karaj Reservoir Water Quality

Phytoplankton plays a major role in monitoring aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the density of phytoplankton and the nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates and other effective parameters in Karaj dam as a case study. For this purpose, in 2010, Karaj dam was sampled during a year and physical, chemical and biological factors were measured. The penetration depth of sunlight into the water, was measured using Sechei disk. The results of this study demonstrated that there is a   thermal stratification in Karaj reservoir. The density of phytoplankton in this lake increased in hot weather of the year and it also varies as the depth increases. In 2010, the most population in phytoplankton community of the lake was formed by Diatoma and specially Cyclotella. No relationship was found between the number of phytoplankton and the amount of chemical factors in this study

Capacidad ecológica de los suburbios de la ciudad de Tabriz, Irán, para el desarrollo urbano utilizando la evaluación con criterios múltiples

In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to obtain and adopt planning procedures on the basis of Multi Criteria Evaluation of natural environment. Since biophysical (natural) environment has limited ecological capabilities for human use, ecological capability assessment, as an essence for environmental studies and with the aim of preventing existing crises, yields proper grounds for environmental planning. The analysis of land capability and sufficiency for urban development is one of the main categories with which urban planners deal. In this paper, by means of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) through the perspective of Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Approach and within Geographic Information Systems (GIS), ecological capability of the suburbs surrounding Tabriz city was assessed (natural and human in terms of 12 criteria) to examine physical development of Tabriz city and final mapping of the region was provided. This mapping shows regions suitable for physical urban development of the city. The results and finding of this research were applied by urban planners.Con el fin de lograr el desarrollo sostenible es necesario obtener y aprobar los procedimientos de planificación sobre la base de múltiples criterios de evaluación del medio ambiente natural. Desde lo biofísico (natural) el ambiente ha limitado las capacidades ecológicas para el uso humano; la evaluación de las capacidades ecológicas es la esencia de los estudios ambientales y su objetivo es prevenir las crisis actuales, mostrando los rendimientos adecuados para la planificación ambiental. El análisis de la suficiencia y la capacidad de la tierra para el desarrollo urbano es una de las categorías principales a considerar por los planificadores urbanos. En este documento, por medio de la Combinación Lineal Ponderada (WLC), a través de la perspectiva de Múltiples Criterios de Evaluación (MCE) y dentro de Enfoque de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), se evaluó la capacidad ecológica de los suburbios que rodean la ciudad de Tabriz (naturales y humanos en términos de 12 criterios) para examinar el desarrollo físico de la ciudad, proporcionando una cartografía que muestra regiones adecuadas para el desarrollo urbano de la ciudad. Los resultados y la búsqueda de esta investigación fueron aplicados por los planificadores urbanos