Evaluation of antidiabetic activity and histological study of <i>Cyperus</i> <i>kyllinga</i> Endl. roots

343-346Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disease characterized by altered carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. So many traditional herbs are being used by diabetic patients to control the disease. But very few studies have been performed to investigate the efficacy of these herbs clinically. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the antidiabetic activity of roots of Cyperus kyllingia<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic"> Endl. (Family—Cyperaceae) and also with alcoholic extract of its roots in diabetic mice. The crude roots at (570 mg/kg, orally) and the extract of the roots at (120 mg/kg, orally) showed significant antidiabetic activity. Histological study also showed significant result. </span

Rationalizing Defective Biomimetic Ceria: In vitro Demonstration of a Potential “Trojan horse” Nanozyme Based-Platform Leveraging Photo-Redox Activities for Minimally Invasive Therapy

Metal oxide nanostructures with surface-defect mediated chemistry have garnered pronounced interest due to the influence of these defects in tuning the photo-induced intracellular bio-catalytic (enzyme-mimicking) responses. However, designing defective nanozymes with pH-responsive multi-bio-catalytic functions without any dopants is challenging. Herein, oxygen-deficient “trojan horse-like” folate-functionalized, L-arginine-coated ceria (FA-L-arg-CeO2) nanozymes with synergistic multi-enzyme-mimicking and anti-cancer potential are introduced. The nanozymes possessed enhanced surface oxygen vacancies (VO●), strategically created under kinetically favourable synthesis conditions. Increased surface VO● promoted band structure reconstruction and amplified photochemical-response efficacy under single laser irradiation (808 nm), outperforming the defect-free commercial nano-CeO2 in rapid anti-tumorigenic activities. Through folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, these biostable nanozymes localized in MDA-MB-231 cells (84% in 48 h) and demonstrated NIR-accelerated enzymatic functions depending on the pH of the biological milieu. The reduced band gap energy facilitated effective electron-hole separation, up-regulating in vitro photo-redox reactions that impart exceptional therapeutic potential and inhibit 62% cell metastasis within only 12 h. By perturbing intratumoural redox homeostasis, VO●-rich FA-L-arg-CeO2 nanozymes unanimously killed 86% of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells while preferentially shielding benign L929 cells. Unlike conventional drug-loaded or dopant-incorporated CeO2 nanoplatforms, these defective multi-modal nanozymes unravel a new avenue for developing smart, low-cost, bio-active agents with enhanced efficacy and bio-safety

Development and evaluation of Chitosan nanoparticles based dry powder inhalation formulations of Prothionamide - Fig 1

<p>FTIR of pure PTH (1a) and physical mixture of PTH, Chitosan, Inhalable grade lactose (1b).</p

Development and evaluation of Chitosan nanoparticles based dry powder inhalation formulations of Prothionamide

<div><p>Prothionamide (PTH), a second line antitubercular drug is used to administer in conventional oral route. However, its unpredictable absorption and frequent administration limit its use. An alternate approach was thought of administering PTH through pulmonary route in a form of nanoparticles, which can sustain the release for several hours in lungs. Chitosan, a bio-degradable polymer was used to coat PTH and further freeze dried to prepare dry powder inhaler (DPI) with aerodynamic particle size of 1.76μm. <i>In vitro</i> release study showed initial burst release followed by sustained release up to 96.91% in 24h. <i>In vitro</i> release further correlated with <i>in vivo</i> study. Prepared DPI maintained the PTH concentration above MIC for more than 12h after single dose administration and increased the PTH residency in the lungs tissue more than 24h. Animal study also revealed the reduction of dose in pulmonary administration, which will improve the management of tuberculosis.</p></div

Bio-distribution of PTH in free and nanoparticles form.

<p>Bio-distribution of PTH in free and nanoparticles form.</p