Utilización de desechos de ajo y maíz suplementados con alpechín para el cultivo de Pleurotus

Garlic and maize cultivations in Argentina are located in similar areas where olive is produced, an advantage for eliminating wastes produced for oil extraction by mushroom cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of different percentages of olive mill waste water (OMWW) mixed with garlic and maize wastes for the production of Pleurotus ostreatus basidiomes. Strain BAFC 2067 of P. ostreatus was cultivated in garlic and maize wastes mixed with 15, 30, 45 and 60% of OMWW. Bags with 0% OMWW (control) and 100% OMWW were also inoculated. The time of colonization and the yields obtained permitted us to conclude that the best substrate utilized for basidiomes production was a mixture composed of OMWW and maize wastes. The negative effect in the growth of P. ostreatus on garlic wetted with tap water was reverted when garlic wastes contained 15 and 30 % of OMWW. A deleterious effect on yield was observed when 60 % OMWW was utilized for wetting garlic and maize wastes.Los cultivos de ajo y de maíz están ubicados en la Argentina en áreas similares destinadas a la producción de oliva, lo cual es una ventaja para la eliminación de desechos producidos por la extracción de aceites de oliva por medio de la producción de hongos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el uso de diferentes porcentajes de alpechín (OMWW) mezclados con desechos de ajo y maíz para la producción de basidiomas de Pleurotus ostreatus. La cepa BAFC 2067 de P. ostreatus fue cultivada en desechos de ajo y maíz mezclados con 15, 30, 45 y 60% de alpechín. Bolsas con 0% (control) y 100% de alpechín fueron también inoculados. El tiempo de colonización y las cosechas obtenidas permitieron concluir que el mejor sustrato utilizado para la producción de basidiomas fue la mezcla compuesta de alpechín y desechos de maíz. El efecto negativo para el crecimiento de Pleurotus ostreatus en ajo humedecido con agua destilada fue revertido cuando los desechos de ajo contenían 15 y 30 % de alpechín. Un efecto deletéreo sobre las cosechas fue observado cuando 60 % de alpechín fue utilizado para humedecer tanto el desecho de ajo como de maíz.Fil: Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: Monaldi, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Instituto Fitotécnico de "Santa Catalina"; Argentin

Creazione

Il testo prende spunto da una recente mostra fotografica di Salgado (Genesi) e si interroga sul fatto che, per il fotografo brasiliano, il termine 'genesi' non \ue8 pi\uf9 connesso al concetto di creazione in senso teologico. Lo sfondo biblico non presiede pi\uf9 al lavoro di questo grande fotografo contemporaneo, che pure si occupa della natura incontaminata mentre la sua opera di fotografo continua a implicare un nesso con la creazione in senso artistico. L'arte, diversamente dall'idea di creazione dal nulla, conserva un senso definibile ancora in termini di creazione. Nel panorama attuale l'idea di creativit\ue0 si estende peraltro ad ambiti diversi da quello artistico: si \ue8u\uf2 parlare di creazione per scienza, design, moda, tecnologia. Qui creazione si associa all'idea di novit\ue0, nel senso di diversit\ue0 non assimilabile al gi\ue0 presente. Il concetto di creazione in senso artistico, invece, propone un'idea di novit\ue0 come rinnovamento e rigenerazione del mondo consueto e si associa all'aspetto di presenza viva della rappresentazione. In questo senso, i concetti di ricreazione e procreazione possono illustrare, da prospettive laterali ma fra loro convergenti, il senso stesso della creazione artistica. Il racconto kafkiano La metamorfosi (1912) viene analizzato sinteticamente per confermare questa linea interpretativa

An in situ shelly fauna from the lower Paleozoic Zapla diamictite of northwestern Argentina: implications for the age of glacial events across Gondwana

A shelly fauna from the upper part of the Zapla glacial diamictite includes thelingulate brachiopod Orbiculoidea radiata Troedsson, the rhynchonelliforms Dalmanella cf. testudinaria (Dalman) and Paromalomena sp., the bivalve Modiolopsis? sp., and the trilobite Dalmanitina subandina Monaldi and Boso. Both taphonomic and paleoecologic data indicate a lack of transport reflecting the original community. The assemblage is closely comparable to the widespread latest Ordovician Hirnantia-Dalmanitina fauna. The Hirnantian age of the Zapla diamictite is further corroborated by the record of the northern Gondwana chitinozoans Spinachitina cf. oulebsiri Paris and Desmochitina minor typicaEisenack. The graptolites and chitinozoans from the overlying Lipeón Formation indicate that the postglacial transgression took place in the earliest Llandovery (P. acuminatus Biozone). According to the tectonosedimentary evidence, the Early Silurian age of the Cancañiri and San Gabán diamictites of north-central Bolivia and south Peru based on their palynological record is more likely the age of posglacial gravity flows and not that of the glaciation. We support the hypothesis that the weakly lithified glacigenic deposits ofHirnantian age were reworked and redistributed by high-energy marine processes during the postglacial transgression and then transported to the adjacent deep-marine trough. Ironrich horizons have been recognized in many basins of southern South America reflecting eustatic and paleoclimatic fluctuations. Most of them formed during the early stages of the postglacial transgression at the Ordovician/Silurian transition and are associated with low sedimentation rates and condensed intervals. The mild maritime postglacial climate, the increasing atmospheric CO2, and possibly the presence of incipient vegetated areas led toextensive weathering of glacigenic sediments supplying iron into the marine system to form ferruginous deposits. The sea level fall related to the peak of glaciation is recorded by both paleovalley incision and a sharp subaerial to subglacial unconformity. The transgressive systems tract starts with fluvio-estuarine deposits within incised valleys followed by widespread deposition of subtidal to open marine organic-rich shales onlapping regionally the basement rocks. The recognition of key stratigraphic markers (e.g. sequence boundary, flooding surface, ferruginous beds), alongside reliable micro and macropaleontological evidence allow a more accurate correlation between the Central Andean Basin of Peru, Bolivia and NW Argentina, the W Puna region, the Paraguayan and Brazilian sectors of the Paraná Basin, the Precordillera Basin of W Argentina, and the Cape Basin of South Africa.Fil: Benedetto, Juan Luis Arnaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Halpern, Karen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: de la Puente, Graciela Susana. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Geología y Petróleo; ArgentinaFil: Monaldi, Cesar Ruben. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

Political Institutions, Policymaking Processes, and Policy Outcomes in Venezuela

This case study of Venezuela`s democratic institution and policymaking processes is part of the broader regional project based on the theoretical framework developed by Spiller, Stein and Tommasi (2003). The framework focuses on the conditions that foster political cooperation among political actors to sustain inter-temporal policy commitments. The study shows that the political institutions that established Venezuela`s democracy in the 1960s were deliberately set up to generate a cooperative equilibrium with low stakes of power. Constitutionally weak presidents and strong centralized political parties characterized this institutional framework. Cooperation induced a relatively effective policymaking process and good policy outcomes. However, an oil boom and its aftermath, in the 1970s and 1980s, unraveled the cooperative framework and induced rapid economic decay. The political reforms implemented in the late 1980s to improve the democratic process, although in itself desirable, further weakened the party system and induced a highly uncooperative and volatile policymaking process. The recent political reforms, increasing the stakes of power, have stimulated a complete breakdown in cooperation and a highly polarized political system.

New records of Tremadocian conodonts (Early Ordovician) from the Zenta Range, Jujuy Province, Argentina

THE study area is located nearby the Santa Ana village, province of Jujuy, in the Zenta Range of the Cordillera Oriental, northwestern Argentina. Localities can be reached by the national Route 9 to the town of Humahuaca, then continue to the East through the provincial Route 73 up to the Santa Ana village (Fig. 1). In this contribution we analyze an Ordovician conodont fauna from 15 levels of calcarenites and coquinas, along with graptolites, trilobites and associated fauna from siltstones and claystones. The studied collection of 2263 conodont elements is housed in the Museum of Paleontology at the National University of Córdoba, under repository code CORDMP 21941 to 22023.Fil: Zeballo, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Albanesi, Guillermo Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Voldman, Gustavo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Monaldi, Cesar Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentin

Early Ordovician (Late Floian) conodonts from the Zenta range, Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina

LOWER Ordovician strata from the Central Andean Basin are superbly exposed in the Zenta Range of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina. At the Laguna Verde section (23°18'S, 65° 1W, 4500 MASL) the sedimentary succession is mostly siliciclastic with subordinate coquinas and calcarenites (Fig. 1). It is unconformably overlain by glacial diamictites and quartzites from the Zapla Formation (Hirnantian). Previous conodont work by Albanesi et al. (2011) recognized the Acodus deltatus – Paroistodus proteus Zone in the nearby Abra de Santa Ana. Aráoz et al. (2008) suggested a Darriwilian to Sandbian age for the strata exposed in the Laguna Verde section, based on the presence of Erismodus and Trapezognathus. In a recent revision of the section, Carlorossi and Heredia (2013) documented from one sample Trapezognathus diprion Lindström(1954) and mentioned the occurrence of Baltoniodus triangularis Lindström (1954) and B. cf. triangularis Lindström (1954) in the same sample (p. 311 and table 2), suggesting a Dapingian age for the upper exposed levels of the Acoite Formation. In order to define the age of aforementioned strata, we took 18 rock samples from the Laguna Verde section plus 2 isolated samples (ZEN17 and ZEN17.2) located 2.5 km to the SW (23°19'S, 65° 0'W), stratigraphically below, which produced a significant conodont fauna, although the diversity is low. The rock samples (24 kg in total), which were digested in 10% acetic acid following the conventional procedures, produced 608 conodont elements. The studied specimens are relatively well preserved (CAI 2, Epstein et al., 1977), with no chemical alteration but abundant fractures that truncate cusps and denticles. The faunal association includes Acodus n. sp. (see Zeballo et al., this volume), Baltoniodus cf. triangularis, Trapezognathus? argentinensis Rao et al.(1994), Trapezognathus diprion, Trapezognathus? primitivus n. sp., Scolopodus houlianzhaiensis An and Xu in An et al. (1983), Drepanodus arcuatus Pander (1856), Drepanoistodus chucaleznensis Albanesi and Aceñolaza (2005), D. costatus (Abaimova, 1971), D. basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963) and Erraticodon patu Cooper (1981). The record of the taxon Baltoniodus cf. triangularis confirms the presence of the homonymous biozone in the host strata, which indicates the uppermost zone of the Early Ordovician (Floian). According to its age, these strata correlate with the upper part of the Acoite Formation and equivalent units such as the Capillas/Zanjón Formation from the Subandean Ranges. The conodonts are stored in the Museo de Paleontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, with repository code CORD-MP.Fil: Voldman, Gustavo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Albanesi, Guillermo Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Zeballo, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Monaldi, Cesar Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentin

Upper Cambrian/Lower Ordovician conodont and graptolite records in the Lari section, Salar del Rincón, Puna of Salta, Argentina

Fil: Giuliano, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Gladys del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Albanesi, Guillermo Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Paleontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Monaldi, Cesar Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta; Argentin

La valutazione della genitorialità. una ricerca esplorativa, per capire come venga vissuta da un gruppo di cittadini romani

This paper reports the data of an exploratory research conducted with a group of Roman citizens who were asked what they thought about the possibility of assessing the parenting of families considered at risk over the parental expertise. Citizens were interviewed and the interviews were submitted to AET, Emotional Analysis of the Text. Assessing parenting often involves families with internal conflicts. We think the conflict is not only there. Conflicts also cross the theoretical, legal, and political hypotheses, which base the opportunity to intervene within the issues involved in parental evaluation. They are also found in the relationship between families and services. Legal and sociological literature advise the presence of these conflicts and discuss the issues; whereas the psychological and psychiatric one is focused on the application of techniques, whether they are evaluation, psychotherapy, re-education. This perspective does not consider the conflicting complexity which founds the parental evaluation, but it is focused only on the family. We were interested in analysing, in this context, what is the citizens’ perception of the evaluation of parenting, who are their potential customers and users; in particular, if and how these conflictual dynamics are perceived by them. After the analysis of the interview, the data outline three cultures. One proposes the traditional Italian family, the feminised family and designated to the care of members in difficulty within the home wall; family today in a strong crisis within processes of change. Another proposes the centrality of the court and the legal culture, founded on evaluations and resolving actions that often can result in child custody actions. These two cultures contrast: when the traditional family is missing, the court appears. There is no counseling which concerns the changes of the family. Psychological and neuropsychiatric counseling agencies do not appear in the data, except for social services, in any case subordinated to the court. A third culture proposes an “ideal” adult, who with balance and reflection skills, has to face a fearful context, but it is an isolated individual, without a relational context of reference. This culture seems to opposite the dissolution of relational contexts – state, organizations, family – to the idealized individual, self-determined and alone. The development of psychological function in the assessment of parenting concerns two aspects: the importance of studying the complexity of the social mandate and the intervention with the conflicting relationships of the family and of all the other actors involved

Near-infrared spectroscopy for assessing tissue oxygenation and microvascular reactivity in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

Impaired microcirculatory perfusion and tissue oxygenation during critical illness are associated with adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to detect alterations in tissue oxygenation or microvascular reactivity and their ability to predict outcome in critically ill patients using thenar near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a vascular occlusion test (VOT)