235 research outputs found
Synergistic effect of ubiquitin on lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells
AbstractUbiquitin synergistically augmented the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. To investigate the mechanism of this augmentation, we analyzed the effect of ubiquitin during TNF-α mRNA synthesis and degradation, and TNF-α degradation on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. It is found that ubiquitin augmented TNF-α mRNA synthesis. Ubiquitin did not affect the degradation of TNF-α mRNA and TNF-α. In the presence of LPS, extracellular accumulation of TNF-α by ubiquitin was twice than those by LPS, but intracellular accumulation of TNF-α produced by ubiquitin with LPS or by LPS had no difference. These data indicate that ubiquitin might induce TNF-α accumulation mainly by up-regulation of the TNF-α gene transcription. Although extracellular functions of ubiquitin remain largely unknown, we postulate that ubiquitin might be involved in the modulatory mechanisms of immune response
Host- and Strain-Specific Regulation of Influenza Virus Polymerase Activity by Interacting Cellular Proteins
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype have recently emerged from avian zoonotic reservoirs to cause fatal human disease. Adaptation of HPAI virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2, and PA proteins) and nucleoprotein (NP) to interactions with mammalian host proteins is thought to contribute to the efficiency of viral RNA synthesis and to disease severity. While proteomics experiments have identified a number of human proteins that associate with H1N1 polymerases and/or viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), how these host interactions might regulate influenza virus polymerase functions and host adaptation has been largely unexplored. We took a functional genomics (RNA interference [RNAi]) approach to assess the roles of a network of human proteins interacting with influenza virus polymerase proteins in viral polymerase activity from prototype H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. A majority (18 of 31) of the cellular proteins tested, including RNA-binding (DDX17, DDX5, NPM1, and hnRNPM), stress (PARP1, DDB1, and Ku70/86), and intracellular transport proteins, were required for efficient activity of both H1N1 and H5N1 polymerases. NXP2 and NF90 antagonized both polymerases, and six more RNA-associated proteins exhibited strain-specific phenotypes. Remarkably, 12 proteins differentially regulated H5N1 polymerase according to PB2 genotype at mammalian-adaptive residue 627. Among these, DEAD box RNA helicase DDX17/p72 facilitated efficient human-adapted (627K) H5N1 virus mRNA and viral RNA (vRNA) synthesis in human cells. Likewise, the chicken DDX17 homologue was required for efficient avian (627E) H5N1 infection in chicken DF-1 fibroblasts, suggesting that this conserved virus-host interaction contributes to PB2-dependent host species specificity of influenza virus and ultimately to the outcome of human HPAI infections
Reactions of 6-metheoxy-3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-2-one and its 7-substituted derivatives
金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学金沢大学薬学
First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered
imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most outstanding questions in
astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The
survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope
and it started in March 2014. This paper presents the first public data release
of HSC-SSP. This release includes data taken in the first 1.7 years of
observations (61.5 nights) and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers
covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i~26.4, ~26.5, and
~27.0 mag, respectively (5sigma for point sources). All the layers are observed
in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in
narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0.6 arcsec in
the i-band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1-2 per cent PSF
photometry (rms) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ~10
mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both
the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through
dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In addition to the pipeline
products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts
and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of
all the data can be found online. The data release website is
https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables, moderate revision, accepted for
publication in PAS
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