立位における上肢運動時の腰部多裂筋深層線維および浅層線維の筋反応時間の検討

Based on the current literature, it remains unclear whether electromyographic onset of the deep fibers of the multifidus (DM) is dependent on the direction of shoulder movement and the position of the center of foot pressure (CFP). In the present study, we re-examined the electromyographic onset of the DM during shoulder flexion and extension and investigated the influence of the CFP position before arm movement. Intramuscular and surface electrodes recorded the electromyographic onset of the DM, superficial fibers of the multifidus (SM), rectus abdominis, and anterior and posterior deltoid. Eleven healthy participants performed rapid, unilateral shoulder flexion and extension in response to audio stimuli at three CFP positions: quiet standing, extreme forward leaning, and extreme backward leaning. It was found that the electromyographic onset of the DM and SM relative to the deltoid was dependent on the direction of arm movement. Additionally, of all electromyographic onsets recorded, only that of the DM occurred earlier in the extreme forward leaning position than in the extreme backward leaning position during shoulder flexion. These results suggest that the electromyographic onset of DM was influenced by the biomechanical disturbance such as shoulder movement and CFP position.首都大学東京, 2015-09-30, 博士（理学療法学）, 甲第619号首都大学東

Difference in the electromyographic onset of the deep and superficial multifidus during shoulder movement while standing.

Based on the current literature, it remains unclear whether electromyographic onset of the deep fibers of the multifidus (DM) is dependent on the direction of shoulder movement and the position of the center of foot pressure (CFP). In the present study, we re-examined the electromyographic onset of the DM during shoulder flexion and extension and investigated the influence of the CFP position before arm movement. Intramuscular and surface electrodes recorded the electromyographic onset of the DM, superficial fibers of the multifidus (SM), rectus abdominis, and anterior and posterior deltoid. Eleven healthy participants performed rapid, unilateral shoulder flexion and extension in response to audio stimuli at three CFP positions: quiet standing, extreme forward leaning, and extreme backward leaning. It was found that the electromyographic onset of the DM and SM relative to the deltoid was dependent on the direction of arm movement. Additionally, of all electromyographic onsets recorded, only that of the DM occurred earlier in the extreme forward leaning position than in the extreme backward leaning position during shoulder flexion. These results suggest that the electromyographic onset of DM was influenced by the biomechanical disturbance such as shoulder movement and CFP position

Raw electromyographic data for shoulder movements in three standing positions (QS, EFL, and EBL).

<p>The left panels show data for shoulder flexion, and right panels show data for shoulder extension. Panels show electromyographic data for anterior or posterior deltoid as focal muscle, deep (DM) and superficial (SM) fibers of lumbar multifidus and rectus abdominis (RA). The dashed vertical lines represent the EMG onset of deltoid, and the arrows represent the EMG onset of each muscle.</p

Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance for comparisons between the direction of shoulder arm movement and the center of foot pressure (CFP) position while standing in each muscle.

<p>DM, Deep fibers of lumbar multifidus; SM, Superficial fibers of lumbar multifidus; RA, Rectus abdominis</p><p>Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance for comparisons between the direction of shoulder arm movement and the center of foot pressure (CFP) position while standing in each muscle.</p

The center of foot pressure position in the anteroposterior direction (% foot length [%FL]) during quiet standing (QS), extreme forward leaning (EFL), and extreme backward leaning (EBL).

<p>Data are shown as mean ± SEM.</p><p>*The %FL of QS, EFL, and EBL were significantly different (all comparisons, <i>P</i> < 0.01)</p><p>The center of foot pressure position in the anteroposterior direction (% foot length [%FL]) during quiet standing (QS), extreme forward leaning (EFL), and extreme backward leaning (EBL).</p

Mean+SEM (ms) EMG onset of each trunk muscle relative to that of the deltoid.

<p>Data during flexion (open squares) and extension (close squares) are shown. The dashed vertical line represents the APA phase or CPA phase. APA, Anticipatory postural adjustments; CPA, Compensatory postural adjustments; DM, Deep fibers of the lumbar multifidus; SM, Superficial fibers of the lumbar multifidus; RA, Rectus abdominis; Flex, Arm flexion; Ext, Arm extension; QS, Quiet standing; EFL, Extreme forward leaning; EBL, Extreme backward leaning; EMG, Electromyography.</p

RAISING is a high-performance method for identifying random transgene integration sites

Both natural viral infections and therapeutic interventions using viral vectors pose significant risks of malignant transformation. Monitoring for clonal expansion of infected cells is important for detecting cancer. Here we developed a novel method of tracking clonality via the detection of transgene integration sites. RAISING (Rapid Amplification of Integration Sites without Interference by Genomic DNA contamination) is a sensitive, inexpensive alternative to established methods. Its compatibility with Sanger sequencing combined with our CLOVA (Clonality Value) software is critical for those without access to expensive high throughput sequencing. We analyzed samples from 688 individuals infected with the retrovirus HTLV-1, which causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) to model our method. We defined a clonality value identifying ATL patients with 100% sensitivity and 94.8% specificity, and our longitudinal analysis also demonstrates the usefulness of ATL risk assessment. Future studies will confirm the broad applicability of our technology, especially in the emerging gene therapy sector.Communications Biology, 5, art. no. 535; 202