57 research outputs found

    An approach to dynamic line rating state estimation at thermal steady state using direct and indirect measurements

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    Dynamic line rating has emerged as a solution for reducing congestion in overhead lines, allowing the optimization of power systems assets. This technique is based on direct and/or indirect monitoring of conductor temperature. Different devices and methods have been developed to sense conductor temperature in critical spans. In this work, an algorithm based on WLS is proposed to estimate temperature in all ruling spans of an overhead line. This algorithm uses indirect measurements - i.e. weather reports and/or downscaling nowcasting models as inputs as well as direct measurements of mechanical tension, sag and/or conductor temperature. The algorithm has been tested using typical atmospheric conditions in Iceland along with an overhead line´s real design, showing robustness, efficiency and the ability to minimize error in measurements.Fil: Alvarez, David L.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Faria da Silva, F.. Aalborg Universitet; DinamarcaFil: Mombello, Enrique Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Bak, Claus Leth. Aalborg Universitet; DinamarcaFil: Rosero, Javier A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Ólason, Daníel Leó. Landsnet; Islandi

    Capítulo 5. Catriel: tenencia de la tierra y ordenamiento territorial en una localidad petrolera

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    5. 1. Genocidio y fiscalización de la tierra: antecedentes de una configuración socioterritorial Tal como se señaló en el primer capítulo de este libro, luego del genocidio perpetrado contra la población originaria en la Patagonia a fines del siglo xix, las tierras apropiadas tuvieron dos destinos. Algunas se convirtieron en tierras privadas otorgadas a particulares como pago por los préstamos recibidos para financiar las campañas militares. Otras, menos codiciadas en aquellos años, se transf..

    Influencia del núcleo en el análisis de respuesta en frecuencia (FRA) en transformadores de potencia mediante el método de elementos finitos

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    In this paper the influence of core parameters in Frequency Response Analysis is analyzed through the equivalent circuit impedance matrix of the transformer winding; the parameters of the circuit have been computed using the Finite Element Method. In order to appreciate the behavior of the iron core in comparison to the air core, the frequency dependence of resonances is calculated to show how the air core only influences the results at low frequencies. The core is modeled using a complex permeability, and the parameters of conductivity and permeability are varied to show their influence in the resonances, which turned out to be negligible. In order to explain this behavior, the eigenvalues of the inverse impedance matrix are calculated showing that they are similar for different values of conductivity and permeability. Finally, the magnetic flux i nside and outside the core and its i nfluence in the frequency response is studied.En este artículo se analiza la influencia de los parámetros del núcleo en el Análisis de Respuesta en Frecuencia, a través de la matriz de impedancias del circuito equivalente de devanados de trasformadores, donde el cálculo de parámetros del circuito se realiza mediante el método de elementos finitos. Con el fin de analizar el comportamiento entre núcleos de aire y núcleos magnéticos, se calcula la dependencia en la frecuencia de las resonancias, mostrando que el núcleo de aire solo influencia las resonancias a bajas frecuencias. El núcleo del transformador se modela por medio de permeabilidades complejas, donde se varían la conductividad y permeabilidad, obteniendo como resultado una influencia despreciable de estos parámetros sobre las resonancias. Con el fin de explicar este fenómeno, los eigenvalores de la matriz inversa de impedancias son calculados, obteniendo una matriz similar para los diferentes valores de conductividad y permeabilidad. Finalmente, se estudia el flujo magnético dentro y fuera del núcleo, y su influencia en la respuesta en frecuencia.Fil: Alvarez, D. L.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rosero, J. A.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Mombello, Enrique Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico San Juan. Instituto de Energia Electrica; Argentin

    Transformer Thermal Capacity Estimation and Prediction Using Dynamic Rating Monitoring

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    Dynamic rating monitoring is a solution to face challenges in both the operation and the planning of power systems. With thermal monitoring, dynamic overloads of transformers are allowed; however, the thermal model used to predict hot-spot must be capable of ensuring the assessment of insulation life expectancy. Hence, this paper presents an online algorithm to estimate and predict transformers' rating in order to assess the overload capability during short and long times. The overload factors are computed using estimations of top-oil temperature. The main characteristic of this proposal is that the environmental cooling conditions are considered by the fitting of the parameters of a simple equivalent thermal circuit using an extended Kalman filter during the transformer operation. To validate the implementation of the algorithm, the information provided by typical transformer rating monitoring systems is used. Thus, the performance and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified using field measurement data during the normal operation of two power transformers.Fil: Alvarez, David L.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Rivera, Sergio R.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Mombello, Enrique Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin

    Objective quantitative grading. A study of breast ductal hyperplasias and ductal carcinomas in situ

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    Transformer Thermal Capacity Estimation and Prediction Using Dynamic Rating Monitoring

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    Hidrocarburos e hidroelectricidad: Una aproximación a la trama energía, política y cultura en el norte patagónico

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    En una época en que la transformación de la matriz energética se presenta casi como un imperativo, las relaciones entre energía, política y cultura cobran protagonismo. Orientado a articular la materialidad de los bienes de la naturaleza con su rol en la creación y fortalecimiento de determinados vínculos sociales, económicos y políticos, este texto se propone explorar algunos aspectos de la trama entre energía, política y cultura en el norte patagónico. En particular tomaremos dos casos asociados, cada uno, a un recurso específico: la producción de hidrocarburos en la zona de Catriel (provincia de Río Negro) y la producción de energía hidroeléctrica a pequeña escala en la Comarca Andina del Paralelo 42° (provincias de Río Negro y Chubut). En cada caso, avanzaremos preguntas y líneas de análisis sobre las relaciones sociales, económicas y políticas que se articulan alrededor de dichos recursos involucrando y poniendo en tensión intereses y capacidades de negociación de diferentes actores sociales, distintas lógicas territoriales, marcos regulatorios y legales así como una serie de reclamos que se presentan, en buena medida, en clave socioambiental y territorial. Proponemos abordar la relación entre energía, política y cultura teniendo en cuenta la relación históricamente construida entre tierra, política y cultura.Fil: Iñigo Carrera, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio; ArgentinaFil: Mombello, Laura Cecilia. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social; ArgentinaFil: Spivak L´hoste, Ana Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Analytic formulation for the calculation of leakage reactance in wound-core transformers

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    There are currently two main trends in solving magnetic field problems, numerical methods, of which the Finite Element Method (FEM) is undoubtedly the most popular, and analytical methods, of which there is a great diversity of approaches. The main advantage of numerical methods is their flexibility in modeling complicated geometries; however, its calculation times are generally considerable. Analytical methods attain very short calculation times by sacrificing flexibility. This paper presents the mathematical formulation of a new linear surface element for the semi-analytical solution of axisymmetric magnetic field problems. The importance of this formulation is that it is capable of dealing with arbitrary geometries while retaining the flexibility of numerical methods with considerably shorter calculation times. The results of the application of the proposed formulation to a case study are presented in the validation section. The results obtained are compared with those calculated with FEM showing an excellent agreement between them.Fil: Castañeda, Russby L.. Universidad de la Salle; ColombiaFil: Diaz Florez, Guillermo A.. Universidad de la Salle; ColombiaFil: Perez, Jhon J.. Universidad de la Salle; ColombiaFil: Mombello, Enrique Esteban. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin

    Multimarker immunohistochemical staining of calgranulins, chloroacetate esterase, and S100 for simultaneous demonstration of inflammatory cells on paraffin sections

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    Mac387 monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognizes two calcium binding, myeloid-associated proteins, now termed calgranulins, expressed at high levels by neutrophils and monocytes. Calgranulins are related to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and are lost in a few days from monocytes differentiated in vitro. This marker is therefore potentially useful to analyze macrophage heterogeneity and turnover in tissue sections. In this study, we developed an immunohistochemical multimarker technique, including calgranulin demonstration, suitable for analyzing different inflammatory cells on paraffin-embedded material. The technique was carried out in subsequent steps demonstrating (a) naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (CAE); (b) S100 immunoreactivity using a rabbit antibody in peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining; and (c) Mac387 immunoreactivity using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. CAE staining was introduced in this method to distinguish Mac387+/CAE- macrophages from Mac387+/CAE+ neutrophils, and Mac387-/CAE+ mast cells. S100 protein is strongly expressed within lymphoid tissues by dendritic accessory cells and was then applied to distinguish these cells from S100-macrophages. We have also verified the possibility of reducing the staining time for this time-consuming procedure by use of microwave irradiation. The technique was applied to a representative variety of normal and pathological samples to assess its usefulness for study of cell heterogeneity. Our results showed the multimarker technique to be highly informative in the study of inflammatory lesions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoid and cat-scratch granulomas, dermathopathic lymphadenopathy), and is of wide potential value as an aid to histopathological diagnosis of several diseases
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