Effectiveness Of Peltier Cooling Device In Reducing The Air Temperature Of Rooms In Buildings

The excessive usage of air-conditioning to cool internal room in a building for human thermal comfort is harming our planet due to their hazardous refrigerants and the high energy consumption nature of these cooling systems. Hence replacement of these systems with the Peltier Cooling Device (PCDs) which are more environmental friendly is highly encouraged. However, the application of PCDs in Buildings has remained minimal as they have limited cooling capacities that reduces the ability of the device in generating cooling effect and causing temperature reduction in enclosed spaces. Thus the present study seeks to improve the temperature reduction by the Peltier Cooling Device through an appropriate application strategy so that they can be used for reducing the temperature of buildings internal spaces. The data analysis of physical experiments revealed that there is a temperature reduction improvement of 0.75-0.78 °C by each PCD operating on the internal room when the overall building temperature is dropped by 5 °C in the application strategy two (AS2). Hence this strategy is the appropriate one to enhance the ability of the device in reducing the temperature reduction of the internal room. Moreover the Malaysian thermal comfort (MTC) for each cubic meter of the building internal spaces could be fulfilled with one to five modules of PCDs in normal room temperature up to 32 ° C; while the MTC can be achieved for internal spaces of higher temperature range 33 ° C – 37 ° C when the overall room temperature is dropped by 5 ° C with the assistance of any type of cooling system, likewise the application strategy two

Natural And Mechanical Security Attributes For House Break-In Prevention In Penang Hotspots

An extensive body of knowledge supports the effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) on house break-in prevention. CPTED consists of natural attributes which are provided by designing the elements of the house in such a way to prevent break-ins and mechanical attributes which include after built security installations such as alarms and CCTV. However, most studies have focused on the overall effect of CPTED on house break-ins. They have overlooked the individual effects of the natural & mechanical indicators & dimensions of CPTED. Therefore, more comprehensive research is required to explore the effect of natural CPTED versus mechanical CPTED. Hence, this study examined the impact of the natural and mechanical indicators and dimensions of CPTED on house break-in prevention. According to the literature, the ideal data for such a study could be obtained from the detached houses located on the hotspots which attract a higher number of break-in incidences. Hence, the house break-in data from the Penang Island’s police headquarter was mapped and analysed using the geographic information system and hotspot analysis technique. Consequently, neighbourhood A was selected as the study area possessing a high demographic number of detached houses. A questionnaire survey was administered to 194 randomly selected residents of the neighbourhood out of which 57% responded. 111 questionnaires were returned out of which 106 were complete and usable

Applying Geographic Information System to Locate the Residential burglary Hotspots in Penang Island, Malaysia

Identifying the geographic areas with a high concentration of house break-in incidents is crucial in policing and prevention initiations. Despite the popularity of geographic information system in mapping residential burglary, not many studies have explored the significance level of the areas comprising crime to understand the severity of the hot spots. Hence, this study sought to identify the geographic location of the residential burglary hotspotsin Penang Island and explores their spatial configuration. The latest available (2011 to 2013) police-recorded incidents of house break-in for day and night were collected from Penang Islands Headquarters, Georgetown. Geocoding technique was used to map the exact postal address of the houses in GIS. This study applied two spatial analysis tools, namely ‘Getis-Ord or Gi*’ and ‘Average Nearest Neighbor’ to detect the locations of the hotspots of residential burglary hotspots. The results demonstrated a high clustering value for the residential burglary hotspotsin the year 2013. The study concludes that even though most of the subdistricts of Penang Island have low or average-value clusters, but the increasing claustration value of the hotspot from 2011 to 2013 proofs that there is a persistent underlying physical or socioeconomic issue in these areas. Therefore, detection of the relatively in more vulnerable areas in this study makesthe decision of resource allocation for further exploration and immediate treatment by the authorities easier. Overlapping of the hotspot maps generated in this study with other maps such as various crime types, land use, and socio-demographic maps will help in deeper scrutinization of the reasons behind the occurrence of house break-in of the hotspot

DataSheet_1_Autoimmunity in monogenic combined immune deficiencies with associated or syndromic features.docx

BackgroundCombined immune deficiencies (CIDs) with associated or syndromic features are a highly heterogeneous subgroup of inherited immune disorders. These patients represent specific clinical complications with an increased risk of autoimmune conditions.MethodsWe analyzed data of monogenic patients with syndromic CIDs adopted from the Iranian inborn errors of immunity registry up to January 2022. A comprehensive comparison in terms of demographic, clinical, and immunological features was performed between patients with and without autoimmunity and also among four mutation groups with the most registered cases including ATM, STAT3 (AD-LOF), DNMT3B/ZBTB24, and WAS mutations.ResultsA total of 137 patients with monogenic syndromic CIDs were included. Most commonly mutated genes were the ATM [80 (58.4%)] and STAT3 (AD-LOF) [19 (13.9%)], followed by DNMT3B [11 (8%)], and WAS [11 (8%)]. More than 18% of all patients with syndromic CIDs, including most DNMT3B/ZBTB24 mutations patients, were clinically diagnosed with antibody deficiencies before genetic evaluation. Patients with ATM and WAS mutations had the latest age of onset and the lowest age of diagnosis, respectively. Autoimmune disorders were diagnosed in 24 patients at a median age of 3.5 (2.6-6.0) years, 70.6% of which were diagnosed prior to the diagnosis of immunodeficiency. Lymphoproliferation, particularly hepatosplenomegaly, was significantly higher in patients with autoimmunity (p=0.004). Syndromic CID patients with autoimmunity had significantly lower IgG levels. Hematologic autoimmunity mainly immune thrombocytopenic purpura was the most frequent autoimmunity among major groups of ATM, STAT3 (AD-LOF), DNMT3B/ZBTB24, and WAS mutations, however ATM-mutated patients present more diversified involved organs including rheumatologic, gastrointestinal and dermatologic autoimmunity.ConclusionAbout 18% of patients with monogenic syndromic CIDs developed autoimmunity, mainly in the form of hematological immune diseases. Autoimmunity could be an early-onset involvement with a potential diagnostic impact on suspicious cases of syndromic CIDs.</p