Acidic Brønsted ionic liquids catalyzed the preparation of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives under ambient and solvent-free conditions

The acidic ionic liquids, 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, triphenyl(propyl-3-sulphonyl)phosphonium toluenesulfonate and (4-sulfobutyl) tris (4-sulfophenyl) phosphonium hydrogensulfate catalyzed one-pot three-component condensation between aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones, malononitrile and ammonium acetate to afford corresponding 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives. This synthetic method has the remarkable advantages such as mild reaction conditions and good isolated yields, short reaction time, and use of green catalysts.The acidic ionic liquids, 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, triphenyl(propyl-3-sulphonyl)phosphonium toluenesulfonate and (4-sulfobutyl) tris (4-sulfophenyl) phosphonium hydrogensulfate catalyzed one-pot three-component condensation between aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones, malononitrile and ammonium acetate to afford corresponding 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives. This synthetic method has the remarkable advantages such as mild reaction conditions and good isolated yields, short reaction time, and use of green catalysts.The acidic ionic liquids, 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogensulfate, triphenyl(propyl-3-sulphonyl)phosphonium toluenesulfonate and (4-sulfobutyl) tris (4-sulfophenyl) phosphonium hydrogensulfate catalyzed one-pot three-component condensation between aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones, malononitrile and ammonium acetate to afford corresponding 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives. This synthetic method has the remarkable advantages such as mild reaction conditions and good isolated yields, short reaction time, and use of green catalysts

Role of Thr399Ile and Asp299Gly polymorphisms of toll-like receptor-4 gene in acute dental abscess

Apical Periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the root end of a tooth. The disease which is caused by endodontic infections presents in different clinical ways including development of an acute abscess. Recent studies have provided information suggesting role of a multitude of factors in pathogenesis of acute apical abscess (AAA). In this case-control study, our goal was to evaluate the frequency and potential role of two common polymorphisms of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) gene; Thr399Ile (1196 C>T) and Asp299Gly (+896 A>G), in 50 patients with AAA as cases and 50 patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) as controls. Saliva sample containing mucosal epithelial cells was used for DNA extraction. Polymorphisms were detected by Tetra-ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) PCR method. Statistical analyses were carried out in SPSS 21 software. Homozygous wild type (CC) and heterozygous (CT) genotypes of Thr399Ile polymorphism were detected in 84% and 16% of AAA patients respectively. In controls, respective ratios were 94% (CC) and 6% (CT). Observed difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) for distribution of these genotypes. The mutant homozygous (TT) genotype of this polymorphism was identified in neither of the participants. Overall, T allele frequency was obtained 8% in AAA and 3% in AAP (OR=2.6, 95% CI; 0. 6-10.6, p>0.05). For Asp299Gly polymorphism, no individual was detected with the mutant allele in case or control groups. Our results indicated a possible role for Thr399Ile polymorphism in acute presentations of abscess in AAA. However, the impact of this polymorphism needs to be more assessed in future studies

An efficient solvent-free synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives utilizing lactic acid as green and eco-friendly catalyst

An efficient, solvent-free and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil at 90°C catalyzed by lactic acid as an inexpensive, biological and eco-friendly compound is described. The remarkable benefits of this procedure are green and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, high yields, short reaction time, simple methodology and easy workup

Arg753gln and Arg677 Trp Polymorphisms of Toll-Like Receptor 2 In Acute Apical Abscess

Statement of the Problem: Genetic polymorphisms can alter immunity response against pathogens, which in turn influ-ence individuals’ susceptibility to certain infections. Purpose: Our aim was to determine the association of Arg753Gln (rs5743708) and Arg677Trp (rs12191786) polymor-phisms of toll like receptor-2 gene with the two clinical forms of apical periodontitis: acute apical abscess (AAA) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP). Materials and Method: There were 50 patients with AAA as case group and 50 with AAP as control group. Genotyping was done using Tetra-ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) PCR. Results: Heterozygous genotype of Arg677Trp polymorphism was associated with risk of AAA (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 0.7-5.5, p= 0.05). Although statistically insignificant, Arg677Trp polymorphism promoted the risk of AAA in dominant model (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 0.7-5.9, p> 0.05). The frequency of mutant allele (T) of Arg677Trp polymorphism was higher in AAA (14%) than AAP (7%) subjects (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 0.6-4.7). For Arg753Gln polymorphism, wild homozygous (GG) represented the dominant genotype in both cases (96%) and controls (100%). Variant allele (A) of Arg753Gln polymorphism was identified in 2% of AAA, while no individual represented with this allele in AAP subjects. Individuals with Arg753Gln; Arg677Trp (GG; TC) combination showed an elevated risk of AAA (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 0.5- 4.2, p> 0.05). Conclusion: Arg677Trp polymorphism of TLR-2 rendered a higher risk for the development of abscesses in apical periodontitis. It is recommended to explore role of this polymorphism in other populations

An efficient solvent-free synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives utilizing lactic acid as green and eco-friendly catalyst

1368-1372An efficient, solvent-free and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil at 90°C catalyzed by lactic acid as an inexpensive, biological and eco-friendly compound is described. The remarkable benefits of this procedure are green and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, high yields, short reaction time, simple methodology and easy workup

Nano-SiO2 catalyzed three-component preparations of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines, 4H-chromenes, and dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes

An efficient one-pot three-component procedure has been developed for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans, dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes, and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines using nano-SiO2 as catalyst in H2O at 70 °C. This methodology has a number of advantages such as: use of reusable catalyst, easy access, short reaction times, high yields, easy work up and use of non-toxic and green solvent