Pregled nekih hemijskih jedinjenja i masnih kiselina u mesu gajenog šarana (cyprinus carpio) i belog amura (ctenopharyngodon idella)

This study was conducted to determine of some chemical compounds (proteins, lipids, moisture and ash) and fatty acids in cultured two species of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results of this study showed that the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in common carp and grass carp were 35.21 ± 2.19% and 27.18 ± 2.63%, respectively and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in common carp was higher compared to grass carp (p0.05). This study showed that PUFA was higher than SFA in Grass carp while SFA was higher than PUFA in common carp. There were significant differences in protein, lipid and moisture in two species (p0.05)

Larval performance, osteological development and skeletal abnormalities in wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) under a standard rearing protocol and different light intensities and rearing temperatures

Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) is a promising new species for aquaculture diversification due to its fast growth, late reproductive maturation, and high market price. Nowadays, low larval survival is considered the biggest limitation in wreckfish farming. Here, the fertilization, hatching, and survival rates of 20 spawning events from an established wreckfish broodstock have been analyzed in order to characterize the main bottlenecks in wreckfish early and larval development. The ontogenesis of the skeletal system and the incidence of skeletal deformities have been assessed in 632 samples from larval rearing trials using an acid free double staining protocol. Furthermore, the effect of different rearing temperatures (13 vs 16 ºC) and light intensities at water surface (600, 900 and 1200 lux) on the skeletal development have been also explored. Results showed as while a variable egg fertilization rate (61.75 ± 34.62%) were achieved, a very poor hatching (4.52 ± 9.27%) and survival rate (0.01 ± 0.00%) until 71 days post hatching (dph) were observed. Swimbladder inflation was first seen at 7 dph, and at 11 and 25 dph a 61-63% of fish functional swimbladder. The first skeletal structures to be formed were those related with breathing and feeding activities (e.g., cleithrum, Meckel¿s cartilage and ceratobranchials) and were visible in larvae of 4-5 mm of standard length (SL). Ossification of the vertebral column progressed in an anterior-to-posterior direction, being fully ossified at 7-14 mm of SL. Regarding the skeletal deformities, a high incidence (63%) of jaw deformity (particularly lower jaw deformity) was observed in larvae of 4-5 of SL, progressively decreasing (up to 5%) in larvae of >6 mm of SL. Deformed vertebrae (compressed, fused, and/or displaced) were mainly located at the 13 to 15th vertebra, and were associated to lordosis, most probably due to the no swimbladder inflation. No clear relationship between temperature and the incidence of lower jaw deformity was observed during endotrophic larval development. Light intensity had a clear effect on survival but not in skeletal development. Larvae reared under 600 lux had lower survival (0.15 ± 0.21%) at 21 dph than when reared with 900 and 1200 lux (0.6 ± 0.28 and 0.7 ± 0.28%, respectively). The present research work represents an important step forward to solve wreckfish larval rearing bottlenecks, suggesting that while temperature and light intensity might have an effect on wreckfish larval survival and development, egg quality and incubation seemed to be the most limiting factors for successful wreckfish aquaculture.This work was partially funded by the NEWSPEC project Unión Europea a través del Fondo Europeo Marítimo y de Pesca (FEMP). M.C., P.N., and I.F. thanks the support from the network LARVAplus “Estrategias de desarrollo y mejora de la producción de larvas de peces en Iberoamerica” (117RT0521) funded by the Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED)

The expression changes of PD-L1 and immune response mediators are related to the severity of primary bone tumors

Abstract The expression pattern, diagnostic value, and association of PD-L1, IFN-γ and TGF-β with bone tumor type, severity, and relapse are determined in this study. 300 human samples from patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and GCT were enrolled. The PD-L1 gene and protein expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and CD4/CD8 T cell percentages, respectively. A considerable increase in PD-L1 level was detected in bone tumor tissues at both gene and protein levels that was considerable in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. A positive correlation was detected regarding the PD-L1 and tumor metastasis and recurrence in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The increased IFN-γ level was detected in patients with metastatic, and recurrent osteosarcoma tumors that were in accordance with the level of TGF-β in these samples. The simultaneous elevation of IFN-γ and TGF-β was detected in Ewing sarcoma and GCT, also the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was decreased significantly in patients with osteosarcoma compared to GCT tumors. The elevated levels of PD-L1, TGF- β, and IFN-γ were associated with bone tumor severity that can provide insights into the possible role of this axis in promoting immune system escape, suppression, and tumor invasion

Red Vetchling (Lathyrus cicera L.), a Promising Crop for the Sustainable Replacement of Soybean Meal and Reducing the Carbon Footprint of European Aquafeeds

In fish diets, soybean meal (SBM) is still positioned as the most widely used alternative to replace fishmeal. Red vetchling (Lathyrus cicera), a crop locally produced in Europe, is here evaluated as a substitute for SBM. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles (10.34 ± 0.04 g) were fed for 90 days. Six experimental diets replacing the SBM content at 0, 8, 16, 33, 66, and 100% (Named Control, T8, T16, T33, T66, and T100) were tested. Growth performance and fish fillet amino acid composition were only significantly reduced in fish fed the T100 diet. Histopathological analysis showed that no major alterations were observed in the intestine, while T100 fish had a higher density of pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytes than the Control, but similar hepatocyte surface coverage. Finally, postprandial levels of glucose and triglycerides in blood plasma decreased when red vetchling content was increased, but was only not fully restored after 24 h in the case of glucose in T66 and T100 fish. According to these results, red vetchling meal can replace up to 66% of the SBM without a negative effect on fish growth or physiology, representing a good alternative raw material for reducing European aquaculture’s dependency on SBM imports and the carbon footprint of aquafeeds