The role of electronic data interchange in electronic commerce

At the beginning of the third millennium, the world has experienced a new era. Rapid and extensive changes in all aspects have developed communications wider and faster. Commerce is not an exception in this regard and has widely and quickly changed as well. With the growth of internet and popularization of electronic commerce and lack of need to invest much in implementing electronic commerce for small and medium-sized enterprises and organizations, EDI users have been prompted to direct their business process flow towards electronic commerce and make use of it as a tool for changing organizations operating methods. In this process, not only are paper-based transactions eliminated, but also changes are emphasized to be made in the way organizations conduct transactions with their commercial parties which in turn will restructure processes within the organizations. Indeed, the optimal productivity and efficiency are achieved when this technology is implemented after complete investigation and analysis of intra-organizational processes and even after the implementation such processes should be constantly reviewed and restructured. This paper has introduced electronic data interchange and has studied its role in electronic commerce and its implementation restrictions

The role of electronic data interchange in electronic commerce

At the beginning of the third millennium, the world has experienced a new era. Rapid and extensive changes in all aspects have developed communications wider and faster. Commerce is not an exception in this regard and has widely and quickly changed as well. With the growth of internet and popularization of electronic commerce and lack of need to invest much in implementing electronic commerce for small and medium-sized enterprises and organizations, EDI users have been prompted to direct their business process flow towards electronic commerce and make use of it as a tool for changing organizations operating methods. In this process, not only are paper-based transactions eliminated, but also changes are emphasized to be made in the way organizations conduct transactions with their commercial parties which in turn will restructure processes within the organizations. Indeed, the optimal productivity and efficiency are achieved when this technology is implemented after complete investigation and analysis of intra-organizational processes and even after the implementation such processes should be constantly reviewed and restructured. This paper has introduced electronic data interchange and has studied its role in electronic commerce and its implementation restrictions

The role of ncRNAs and exosomes in the development and progression of endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers. In recent years, research has focused on the genetic characteristics of the tumors to detail their prognosis and tailor therapy. In the case of EC, genetic mutations have been shown to underlie their formation. It is very important to know the mechanisms of EC formation related to mutations induced by estrogen, among other things. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), composed of nucleotide transcripts with very low protein-coding capacity, are proving to be important. Their expression patterns in many malignancies can inhibit tumor formation and progression. They also regulate protein coding at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), several varieties of which are associated with normal endometrium as well as its tumor, also play a particularly important role in gene expression. MiRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect many pathways in EC tissues and play important roles in cancer development, invasion, and metastasis, as well as resistance to anticancer drugs through mechanisms such as suppression of apoptosis and progression of cancer stem cells. It is also worth noting that miRNAs are highly precise, sensitive, and robust, making them potential markers for diagnosing gynecologic cancers and their progression. Unfortunately, as the incidence of EC increases, treatment becomes challenging and is limited to invasive tools. The prospect of using microRNAs as potential candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic use in EC seems promising. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from many types of cells, including cancer cells. They contain proteins, DNA, and various types of RNA, such as miRNAs. The noncoding RNA components of exosomes vary widely, depending on the physiology of the tumor tissue and the cells from which they originate. Exosomes contain both DNA and RNA and have communication functions between cells. Exosomal miRNAs mediate communication between EC cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor microenvironment formation. Oncogenes carried by tumor exosomes induce malignant transformation of target cells. During the synthesis of exosomes, various factors, such as genetic and proteomic data are upregulated. Thus, they are considered an interesting therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer by analyzing biomarkers contained in exosomes. Expression of miRNAs, particularly miR-15a-5p, was elevated in exosomes derived from the plasma of EC patients. This may suggest the important utility of this biomarker in the diagnosis of EC. In recent years, researchers have become interested in the topic of prognostic markers for EC, as there are still too few identified markers to support the limited treatment of endometrial cancer. Further research into the effects of ncRNAs and exosomes on EC may allow for cancer treatment breakthroughs

The role of electronic data interchange in electronic commerce

At the beginning of the third millennium, the world has experienced a new era. Rapid and extensive changes in all aspects have developed communications wider and faster. Commerce is not an exception in this regard and has widely and quickly changed as well. With the growth of internet and popularization of electronic commerce and lack of need to invest much in implementing electronic commerce for small and medium-sized enterprises and organizations, EDI users have been prompted to direct their business process flow towards electronic commerce and make use of it as a tool for changing organizations operating methods. In this process, not only are paper-based transactions eliminated, but also changes are emphasized to be made in the way organizations conduct transactions with their commercial parties which in turn will restructure processes within the organizations. Indeed, the optimal productivity and efficiency are achieved when this technology is implemented after complete investigation and analysis of intra-organizational processes and even after the implementation such processes should be constantly reviewed and restructured. This paper has introduced electronic data interchange and has studied its role in electronic commerce and its implementation restrictions

Predictive impact of human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA in treatment response monitoring of HPV‐associated cancers; a meta‐analysis on recurrent event endpoints

Abstract Background HPV infection can cause cancer, and standard treatments often result in recurrence. The extent to which liquid biopsy using HPV circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) can be used as a promising marker for predicting recurrence in HPV‐related cancers remains to be validated. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess its effectiveness in predicting treatment response. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search of online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, up to December 2022. The goal was to identify survival studies that evaluated the potential of plasma HPV ctDNA at baseline and end‐of‐treatment (EoT) in predicting recurrence of related cancers. Hazard ratios were estimated directly from models or extracted from Kaplan–Meier plots. Results The pooled effect of HPV ctDNA presence on disease recurrence was estimated to be HR = 7.97 (95% CI: [3.74, 17.01]). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of recurrence was HR = 2.17 (95% CI: [1.07, 4.41]) for baseline‐positive cases and HR = 13.21 (95% CI: [6.62, 26.36]) for EoT‐positive cases. Significant associations were also observed between recurrence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 12.25 (95% CI: [2.62, 57.36])) and cervical cancer (HR = 4.60 (95% CI: [2.08, 10.17])) in plasma HPV ctDNA‐positive patients. Conclusions The study found that HPV ctDNA detection can predict the rate of relapse or recurrence after treatment, with post‐treatment measurement being more effective than baseline assessment. HPV ctDNA could be used as a surrogate or incorporated with other methods for detecting residual disease