Controlling Acute Post-operative Pain in Iranian Children with using of Music Therapy

Background: Despite the development of pediatric post-operative pain management and use of analgesic/narcotic drugs, post-operative pain remains as a common problem. Some studies suggested, the most effective approach to controlling immediate post-operative pain may include a combination of drug agents and non-drug methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on the acute post-operative pain in Iranian children.  Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental, repeated measure design was used. In this study, 63 children were placed in the music and control groups. In the music group, pain intensity was measured before start intervention (baseline). Then, this group listened to two non-speech music for 20 minutes. Then, pain intensity was measured with numeric rating scale, immediately after intervention, 1 hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after intervention, respectively. Also, in the control group, pain intensity was measured in times similar to music group. Results: The mean of pain intensity did not significantly different between the 2 groups at baseline (P>0.05). The results of repeated measure ANOVA showed that, trend of pain intensity between 2 groups was significant (

Effects of Lipopolysaccharides from Shigella Strains on Innate Immunity Stimulation in vitro

Abstract Background: Shigella is the causative agent of human shigellosis and its lipopolysaccharide is detected by TLR4. TLR4 belongs to Toll-like receptors family and many immunological pathways are triggered when these receptors are stimulated. Many researches showed increasing in TLR4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells through lipopolysaccharide treatment. The main goal of this study is detecting the optimum lipopolysaccharide between shigella strains through stimulation of immune system for vaccine studies. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were treated with three distinct concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001) of shigella (S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. sonnei) extract containing lipopolysaccharide. Then TLR4 expression in mRNA level was investigated by RT-PCR and Q-PCR. The cells treated with phosphate buffered saline have been considered as a control group. Results: Expression of TLR4 was shown in all of case groups except treatment with concentration 0.001 of extracts from sonnei and dysenteriae and also control group. The variations in the expression of TLR4 was dose-dependent in all of case groups. The maximum expression of TLR4 related to treatment with extract from shigella flexneri strain and the minimum expression related to treatment with shigella sonnei extract. The use of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli as a positive control indicated that lipopolysaccharide in shigella extracts is responsible for the increased expression of TLR4. Conclusion: The TLR4 expression level was increasesed by S. flexneri extract, so it could be recommended for increasing vaccine efficiency

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Pediatrics with Leukemia: A Narrative Review Study

BackgroundFor using of complementary and alternative medicine methods (CAM) in the leukemia pediatrics than other types of cancer, we have two great challenges; first challenge is their safety and risks and second challenge is study gaps in this field. Regarding to these challenges, this study is a narrative review of some CAM methods in the leukemia pediatrics from the perspective of their safety, risks and study gaps.Materials and MethodsIn this narrative review study searched both international electronic databases including ISI Web of science, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ISC, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and also, Iranian electronic databases including Magiran, Medlib and SID. Also, searches were performed separately in the specialized journals in the field of leukemia pediatrics and complementary and alternative medicine research.ResultsMusic therapy, gentle yoga movements, gentle massage types are quite safe for leukemia pediatrics. But, use of heavy yoga movements, massages with deep pressure, acupressure and acupuncture can be dangerous for leukemia pediatrics (risks of bleeding and or infection). Also, this study showed that, the number of investigations about the use of CAM in the leukemia pediatrics is very limited; especially in the field of yoga and acupuncture.ConclusionThe results of this study can be a basis both for chose of safe CAM method in these children and a basis for future studies on the basis of identified study gaps in this review study

Pediatric Nurses’ Medication Error: the Self-reporting of Frequency, Types and Causes

Background Medication errors (MEs) are the most common types of medical errors which effecting on pediatric safety. For decrease MEs, we should to have information about difference aspects of MEs. We have no study which assessed the frequency, types and causes of MEs made by pediatric nurses, in Iran. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, which performed on 53 Pediatric Nurses. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire for assessment of MEs contained 3 parts: 1- one question about the fact that, do you had MEs in past 3 months; 2- types of MEs occurred (12 items); 3- causes of MEs from nurses’ perspective (20 items). The MEs in past 3 months gathered through pediatric nurses’ self-report. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. Results The majority of participants were female (77.3%), and initial (novice) nurses (33.9%). The results showed that, 31 (58.4%) of nurses were reported at least one MEs history and totally, 131 MEs were occurred in past 3 months. Most prevalent of MEs types were reported: wrong dose (36.6%) and wrong drug preparation (14.5%). Also, most prevalent of MEs causes from Nurses’ perspective were reported: poor medication knowledge (96.2%) and poor calculation skills (73.5%). Conclusion With using of this study results, we can program for prevention/decrease MEs and enhancing pediatric safety. On the basis of this study, actually we should enhancing level of nurses knowledge by education and to carry out special courses for pediatric nurses

Additional file 1 of 5-EPIFAT trial protocol: a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for fatigue using methylphenidate, bupropion, ginseng, and amantadine in advanced cancer patients on active treatment

Supplementary Material 1