DOES DURKHEIM\u27S THEORY HOLD ANY TRUTHS FOR MODERN DAY SELF-IMMOLATION? A REVIEW ON THE LITERATURE

Durkheim categorized suicide into four types as “egoistic”, “anomic”, “fatalistic”, and “altruistic”. He further hypothesized that the last two types i.e. “fatalistic” and “altruistic” are assigned to the then traditional society. However, in the present article and through literature review I will discuss that in modern society and especially within some low and middle income countries, self-immolation on its first and second most prevalent patterns i.e. to protest at micro and macro levels, respectively could be considered as a social self-sacrifice phenomenon. Therefore, it may well categorize as the altruistic type of suicide based on Durkheim’s theory

Evaluating the Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Maxillary First Molars in Iranian Population

Introduction: A successful endodontic treatment depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the morphology of canal and its variations, an appropriate access cavity, proper cleaning and shaping and adequate root canal filling. The present study was carried out to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars in an Iranian population. Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study, 80 extracted permanent maxillary first molars from a population in Rafsanjan, Iran were collected. Root canal morphology was evaluated by clearing technique under stereomicroscope under 40× magnification. A combination of Vertucci’s and Sert and Bayirli’s classifications were used to determine the root canal types. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using descriptive statistics. Results: All palatal roots and almost all distobuccal roots had type I configuration. Ten different types of root canal system were found in mesiobuccal roots, among which type I was the most common (38.75%), followed by type II, IV, V, VI, IX, XV, XVI=XIX and VII, respectively. Conclusion: The mesiobuccal roots of permanent maxillary first molar had the most complex root configuration.Keywords: Maxillary First Molar; Root Canal Anatomy; Root Morpholog

Vulnerability and Security Risk Assessment of a Thermal Power Plant Using SVA Technique

The philosophy behind the creation of every organization is bound up with the objectives for each it has been created. There are always factors threatening the continuation of the organization’s activities or even its existence. Some of these factors involve common threats in the security area which should be identified, assessed and controlled through a systematic risk management pattern. In the present study, Security Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) technique and a local version of SVA-Pro software called Joshan-Pro was used to estimate the vulnerability and security risk of a combined cycle power plant. In this Plant, 17 assets were identified and among them, 13 assets with higher priority were entered into Joshan-Pro software for further detailed analysis. Gas oil storage tanks with the vulnerability of 2.33 out of 5 and security risk of 46.60 out of 125 were identified as the most important asset in terms of security and the 230 kV substation with the vulnerability of 0.96 and security risk of 8.64 were labeled as asset with the lowest security risk in the plant. The results showed that Joshan-Pro software, using expert’s opinion, has acceptable capability to determine the security vulnerability of the infrastructures

Epidemiology of Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Counties under the Supervision of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2009 to 2012

Background: Suicide is an important public health problem which is affected by individual and environmental factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of suicide and suicide attempts and the related demographic factors in the counties under the supervision of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) from 2009 to 2012. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 17,342 cases of suicide and suicide attempts in counties under the supervision of SUMS. Data were collected using the monthly report checklist of the suicide prevention program. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and using the chi-square test and chi-square test for trend. Results: The average rate of suicide in the mentioned counties was 3.85 per 100,000 in year. Suicide cases were mostly among men (50.8%), in singles (49.7%), in age group 15-24 years (42.9%), and in housewives (34.1%). The average rate of suicide attempts was 99.53 per 100,000 in year. The most frequent cases of suicide attempts were observed in females (60.5%), in singles (56.7%), and in the age group of 15-24 years (57.3%). Conclusions: Despite the low rate of suicide in the counties of Fars province, suicidal behavior including suicide attempt and suicide have been associated with some demographic factors. In consequence, developing serious plans to reduce this problem is essential

Suicidal Thoughts and Planning for Suicide among the 2007-2013 Entrance Medical Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Suicide is an intentional self-harm behavior leading to death that is more common in young people aged 15-24 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of suicidal thoughts and planning for suicide among medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all 300 Entrance 2007-2013 medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were included by census sampling. Among them, only 265 students (88%) agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected by using Beck standard suicide questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive and analytical statistics like Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The participants included 126 male and 139 female medical students. Among them, 75.84% had no suicidal thoughts, 18.11% had suicidal thoughts, 4.15% were susceptible for committing suicide and 1.88% had a plan for suicide attempt. There was a significant relationship between suicidal thoughts and gender (P=0.017), living area (P=0.026), history of chronic disease (P=0.042), history of mental disorder (P=0.002), and smoking (P=0.049). Conclusion: The results show that the risk of suicide is high in medical students. Therefore, preventive strategies should be performed for preventing suicidal thoughts and committing suicid

Global competencies in family medicine

Introduction:This project was devised to provide a global snapshot of required national competencies in Family Medicine, and is the result of an international collaboration of the International Fellowship of Primary Care Research Networks (IFPCRN). The Research team, which devised the questionnaire and original list of competencies, was drawn from around 30 countries and 15 countries responded to the questionnaire and contributed national data. These countries however represented close to two thirds of our global population and included Low, Middle and High Income countries (based on World Bank Purchasing price Parity (PPP) 2005) as well Parity (PPP) 2005) as well as representing a good cross section of climatological, socio economic and geographical situations. Aims and Objectives: To compile a list of competencies required of global family doctors, via global consultation, and use them in the form of a questionnaire to survey national family medicine representatives to ascertain if family doctors are required to be competent in these disciplines. The Objective is to provide a ‘global snapshot’ of competencies and trends in family medicine Materials and Methods: A representative list of family medicine competencies was compiled by an International Fellowship of Primary Care Research Networks (IFPCRN) group, from 30 countries over a 3-month period, commencing June 2009. A list of 57 expanded items, and 44 core items was then compiled and formed the basis of a questionnaire, with provision for adding additional competencies that did not appear in the list of 57. This was broadcast by list server to the IFPCRN email group. Results: 15 Family medicine/ primary care representatives completed the survey on behalf of their nation (or region in the case of West Africa). Results showed a trend toward a globally standard curriculum but still much variation in competencies taught

Critical Appraisal of Reporting Quality of Case-Control Articles Indexed in SID Website Based on STROBE Statement

The STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) statement presents recommendations to improve the reporting of observational studies. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of reporting the case-control articles indexed in the Scientific Information Database (SID). This descriptive study was conducted in 2016 in the all case-control articles indexed in the SID website over a 10-year period (2006 to 2015). The researchers visited the SID website and used the keywords of "case" and "control" in titles or keywords of the articles. Then, the STROBE checklist was completed for each article. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The first item of the checklist was observed in 100% of the studied articles. None of these articles had described "duration of exposure" and "how missing data were addressed." None of these articles had used the flowchart. The quality of reporting in studied articles was acceptable, but some of the items in the STROBE checklist need more attention

Prediction of Academic Achievement Evaluation in University of Medical Sciences, Based on the Students' Course Experience

Background & Objective: Evaluation of academic progress is done by comparing the results of measuring the performance of learners with educational goals and learning objectives. The aim of this study was to survey the predictions of academic achievement evaluation of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, based on the students' course experience. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2012-2013. Medicine, dentistry, nursing and paramedical students were selected based on their filed of study and gender by stratified random sampling from the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (n = 370). Data gathering tool was a Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). The questionnaire fields included good teaching, clear and standards goals, appropriate assessment, workload, and general skills; one question about satisfaction of course was used to measure their course experience. Students’ grade point average (GPA) in previous semesters was used as an index for academic achievement. Results: 31.8% of participants were boys and the rest (68.2%) were girls. Statically significant difference existed between GPA of boys and girls (P = 0.001). Nursing-midwifery students had the highest score (15.23 ± 3.30) in five course experience variables and medical students the lowest (14.06 ± 4.35) (P = 0.001). CEQ and GPA had significant and positive correlation (P = 0.004, r = 0.164). Predictor factors of GPA were clear and standard goals and appropriate assessment. Conclusion: This study represents the importance of appropriate assessment (particular emphasis on understanding until know something from memory) and of clear and standards goals at the beginning of the semester by teachers to promote academic achievement and performance of students. Thus, teachers should can promote and provide student's progress with teaching appropriate intervention. Keywords Evaluation Academic achievement Course experience Predictor Student