WAP-Based Application for Handicrafts Products in Rural Area

The main objectives of this study are to design WAP-Based Application for Handicrafts products in Rural Area, to develop a prototype of WAP-Based Application for customers to view and search details about the handicraft products in rural area. The design is tested on the prototype and evaluated to test the usability and acceptability of the system. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technologies have been used in this application has enable users to make booking through mobile telephones

Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Sensors for Smart Transportation Infrastructures

In this research project, an Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System (EMEHS) is developed for harvesting the kinetic energy of ambient and traffic-induced vibrations and carry out a detailed feasibility study and impacts of such system for application on transportation infrastructures. The proposed EMEHS utilizes the innovative concept of creating array of large number of small permanent magnets through certain optimization criteria to achieve strong and focused magnetic field in a particular orientation. When these magnets are attached to a flexible sub-system and placed close to the copper coil, ambient and traffic-induced vibration of the sub-system induces eddy current in copper the coil which can be used to power sensors. The mass and stiffness of the sub-system are adjusted such that a low-frequency vibration due to the traffic load can effectively induce the vibration of the sub-system, and thereby increasing the output voltage. This vibration is further amplified by tuning the frequency of the sub-system to resonance condition. The key innovation of the proposed research, as compared to other energy harvesters, is the optimization of array of permanent magnets for achieving a high electric power by developing an accurate analytical model for the magnetic interaction between the permanent magnets and the copper coil in the proposed EMEH. A proof-of-concept prototype of the proposed EMEH has also been designed and fabricated for the laboratory characterization testing, and field testing on a real highway bridge subjected to daily traffic vibration in New York

Feasibility of using a high-power electromagnetic energy harvester to power structural health monitoring sensors and systems in transportation infrastructures

This paper investigates the feasibility of an electromagnetism energy harvester (EMEH) for scavenging electric energy from transportation infrastructures and powering of conventional sensors used for their structural health monitoring. The proposed EMEH consists of two stationary layers of three cuboidal permanent magnets (PMs), a rectangular thick aircore copper coil (COIL) attached to the free end of a flexible cantilever beam whose fixed end is firmly attached to the highway bridge oscillating in the vertical motion due to passing traffic. The proposed EMEH utilizes the concept of creating an alternating array of permanent magnets to achieve strong and focused magnetic field in a particular orientation. When the COIL is attached to the cantilever beam and is placed close to the PMs, ambient and traffic induced vibration of the cantilever beam induces eddy current in the COIL. The tip mass and stiffness of the cantilever beam are adjusted such that a low-frequency vibration due to the passing traffic can effectively induce the vibration of the cantilever beam. This vibration is further amplified by tuning the frequency of the cantilever beam and its tip mass to resonance frequency of the highway bridge. The numerical results show that the proposed EMEH is capable of producing an average electrical power more than 1 W at the resonance frequency 4 Hz over a time period of 1 second that alone is more than enough to power conventional wireless sensors

Development of An Analytical Method for Design of Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters with Planar Magnetic Arrays

In this paper, an analytical method is proposed for the modeling of electromagnetic energy harvesters (EMEH) with planar arrays of permanent magnets. It is shown that the proposed method can accurately simulate the generation of electrical power in an EMEH from the vibration of a bridge subjected to traffic loading. The EMEH consists of two parallel planar arrays of 5 by 5 small cubic permanent magnets (PMs) that are firmly attached to a solid aluminum base plate, and a thick rectangular copper coil that is connected to the base plate through a set of four springs. The coil can move relative to the two magnetic arrays when the base plate is subjected to an external excitation caused by the vehicles passing over the bridge. The proposed analytical model is used to formulize the magnetic interaction between the magnetic arrays and the moving coil and the electromechanical coupling between both the electrical and mechanical domains of the EMEH. A finite element model is developed to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical model to compute the magnetic force acting on the coil. The analytical model is then used to conduct a parametric study on the magnetic arrays to optimize the arrangement of the PM poles, thereby maximize the electrical power outputted from the EMEH. The results of parametric analysis using the proposed analytical method show that the EMEH, under the resonant condition, can deliver an average electrical power as large as 500 mW when the PM poles are arranged alternately along the direction of vibration for a peak base acceleration of 0.1 g. A proof-of-concept prototype of the EMEH is fabricated to test its performance for a given arrangement of PMs subjected to vibration in both the lab and field environments. View Full-Tex

Field Application of a High-Power Density Electromagnetic Energy Harvester to Power Wireless Sensors in Transportation Infrastructures

Finding an efficient source of energy has always been a big challenge for humans on Earth. Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, have traditionally been considered as major sources of energy. These energy sources are not only nonrenewable but are also harmful to our health and environment. A large portion of this energy is consumed by vehicles moving daily in big cities, causing significant pollution of the environment. However, the motion of vehicles through the transportation infrastructures can also be a significant source of kinetic energy, which can be harvested to power transportation system components, such as sensors, street lights, signals,etc., thereby reducing some dependence on fossil fuel-derived energy

Nash Equilibrium of Joint Day-ahead Electricity Markets and Forward Contracts in Congested Power Systems

Uncertainty in the output power of large-scale wind power plants (WPPs) can face the electricity market players with undesirable profit variations. Market players can hedge themselves against these risks by participating in forward contracts markets alongside the day-ahead markets. The participation of market players in these two markets affects their profits and also the prices and power quantities of each market. Moreover, limitations in the transmission grid can affect the optimal behavior of market players. In this paper, a Cournot Nash equilibrium model is proposed to study the behavior of market players in the forward contract market and the day-ahead electricity market in a congested power system with large-scale integration of WPPs. The proposed method is applied to a test system, and the results are discussed

The impact of pharmacists’ input on the screening, management and prevention of metabolic syndrome. [Protocol]

The aim of this research was to critically appraise, synthesise, and present the available evidence on the impact of pharmacists' input on the screening, prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The specific aims were: 1) To determine the types of pharmacist interventions reported in the studies. 2) To describe the impact of the identified interventions as reported in the studies. 3) To identify the facilitators and barriers to the effective implementation of pharmacist interventions in the screening, prevention and management of MetS. 4) To characterise the populations who could benefit most from the interventions

Monitoring Long-Term Spatiotemporal Changes in Iran Surface Waters Using Landsat Imagery

Within water resources management, surface water area (SWA) variation plays a vital role in hydrological processes as well as in agriculture, environmental ecosystems, and ecological processes. The monitoring of long-term spatiotemporal SWA changes is even more critical within highly populated regions that have an arid or semi-arid climate, such as Iran. This paper examined variations in SWA in Iran from 1990 to 2021 using about 18,000 Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite images through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud processing platform. To this end, the performance of twelve water mapping rules (WMRs) within remotely-sensed imagery was also evaluated. Our findings revealed that (1) methods which provide a higher separation (derived from transformed divergence (TD) and Jefferies–Matusita (JM) distances) between the two target classes (water and non-water) result in higher classification accuracy (overall accuracy (OA) and user accuracy (UA) of each class). (2) Near-infrared (NIR)-based WMRs are more accurate than short-wave infrared (SWIR)-based methods for arid regions. (3) The SWA in Iran has an overall downward trend (observed by linear regression (LR) and sequential Mann–Kendall (SQMK) tests). (4) Of the five major water basins, only the Persian Gulf Basin had an upward trend. (5) While temperature has trended upward, the precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a measure of the country’s greenness, have experienced a downward trend. (6) Precipitation showed the highest correlation with changes in SWA (r = 0.69). (7) Long-term changes in SWA were highly correlated (r = 0.98) with variations in the JRC world water map

ON-DEMAND-FL: A Dynamic and Efficient Multi-Criteria Federated Learning Client Deployment Scheme

In this paper, we increase the availability and integration of devices in the learning process to enhance the convergence of federated learning (FL) models. To address the issue of having all the data in one location, federated learning, which maintains the ability to learn over decentralized data sets, combines privacy and technology. Until the model converges, the server combines the updated weights obtained from each dataset over a number of rounds. The majority of the literature suggested client selection techniques to accelerate convergence and boost accuracy. However, none of the existing proposals have focused on the flexibility to deploy and select clients as needed, wherever and whenever that may be. Due to the extremely dynamic surroundings, some devices are actually not available to serve as clients in FL, which affects the availability of data for learning and the applicability of the existing solution for client selection. In this paper, we address the aforementioned limitations by introducing an On-Demand-FL, a client deployment approach for FL, offering more volume and heterogeneity of data in the learning process. We make use of the containerization technology such as Docker to build efficient environments using IoT and mobile devices serving as volunteers. Furthermore, Kubernetes is used for orchestration. The Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem due to its evolutionary strategy. The performed experiments using the Mobile Data Challenge (MDC) dataset and the Localfed framework illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach and the efficiency of the on-the-fly deployment of clients whenever and wherever needed with less discarded rounds and more available data

EFFECT OF COLD-WIRE ADDITION IN THE TSAW PROCESS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HAZ OF X70 MICROALLOYED PIPELINE STEEL

ABSTRACT Microalloyed steels can achieve a good combination of strength and toughness through appropriate alloy design and thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP). However, the mechanical properties can deteriorate as a result of the high heat input and thermal cycles that the steel experiences during welding. It is generally accepted that the portion of the heat affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the fusion line, i.e., the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ), which is characterized by coarse grains and martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents, is the region with poorer toughness relative to the rest of the steel. In the present research work, modification to the conventional tandem submerged arc welding (TSAW) process is carried out by the addition of a cold wire during welding (CWTSAW), which induces changes to the geometry and properties of the weld joint. Microstructural analysis, mechanical property investigation and geometry analysis indicate overall improvement in the weld and the HAZ properties after cold wire addition. These improvements are explained in terms of an increase in the deposition rate and a decrease in the amount of heat introduced to the weldment. An X70 microalloyed steel was welded using both TSAW and CWTSAW processes. Charpy-V-notch impact testing and microhardness testing showed improvement in the HAZ mechanical properties for CWTSAW samples relative to TSAW samples. Microstructural analysis, using both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated the formation of finer prior austenite grains (PAG) and less M-A constituent within the CGHAZ of the CWTSAW samples. These improvements are due to lower actual heat introduced to the weldment and a relatively faster cooling rate