THEMATIC SIMILARITIES BETWEEN IQBAL AND HIS CONTEMPORARY POETS

Iqbal was a great poet of modern Urdu poetry and his contemporary poets directly accepted his influence. Iqbal's poems were published in Sir Abdul Qadir's magazine "Makhzn", so he gained fame very quickly. His contemporary poets started imitating his themes and styles when he became famous. In the beginning, Iqbal made the phenomena of nature the subject of his poems. His contemporary poets have also presented the beauty of nature in their poetry. Soon Iqbal changed his direction of thought and awakened the consciousness of the nation. When Iqbal started patriotic, national, and reformist poetry, themes of national nature flourished in his contemporaries' poems. The poetry of Iqbal's era is intellectually homogenous and common. The main reason is that Iqbal and his contemporaries share many revolutionary ideas and national thoughts. In the poems of Iqbal and his contemporaries, dreams are found for the country's bright future. In their poetry, the description of the homeland, India's greatness, and the scenes of nature are reflected. Iqbal and his contemporary poets have made naturalism, nostalgia, patriotism, and children's literature the same subject. They have the same reform, moral, political, and social consciousness. Iqbal and his contemporary poets were patriotic. They revealed the hidden secrets of the universe and nature. In the poetry of Iqbal and his contemporary poets, the element of message and preaching is prominent. There is a lot of similarity in their imagination and thoughts

To compare the effect of cyclizine, prochlorperazine and ondansetron in inhibiting postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To determine the efficacy of prochlorperazine, cyclizine and ondansetron in patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in terms of prevention of vomiting and nausea. Study Type: Randomized Control Trial. Duration and Location of Study: Anaesthesia department of the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur over a period of January, 2018 to January, 2019. Methodology: Total of 324 patients divided into Group P, group O and group C received prochlorperazine (10mg), ondansetron (4mg) and cyclizine (50mg) respectively. Every patient was asked to tell when he/she is feeling nauseous, vomited and used additional antiemetic drugs. Descriptive data was compared by applying ANOVA test and Chi-square or Fischer’s exact test was applied on nominal data. Computer software SPSS version 23 was used to statistically analyze the data. P ≤0.05 was taken as significant., Results: Although occurrence of side effects was slightly higher in group-P, but all the groups were not statistically diffrent (p-value 0.581, 0.500 and 0.544 for headache, dizziness and sedation, respectively). Nausea and vomiting was observed in 4.6% in group-O patients, 5.5% in group-C patients and 8.3% in group-P patients, difference being statistically insignificant (p=0.500)., Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that all the three drugs i.e. cyclizine, ondansetron and prochlorperazine are equally effective and there is no statistically significant difference in terms of prevention of vomiting and nausea in patients undergoing cholecystectomy through laparoscope. Keywords: Ondansetron, Cyclizine, Prochlorperazine, postoperative nausea and vomiting DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-1

Intra-Articular ozone or Hyaluronic acid Injection in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective: To compare the effect of ozone and hyaluronic acid for pain relief in patients of knee osteoarthritis.  Study Design: Randomized clinical trial. Place of study: Study was conducted in the Pain Managment department of the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur over a period of January, 2018 to January, 2019. Duration of study: study was completed in one year from February 2016 to February 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 patients were included in the study through non probability consecutive sampling and divided into two groups (A and B) through lottery method. Collected data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24, mean and standard deviation were calculated for numerical data like age, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS scale) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC score). Frequency and numbers were calculated for qualitative data like gender. Paired t-test and chi square test were applied to see significance of data, p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age, BMI, WOMAC and VAS of ozone therapy’s patients was 55.85±4.56 years, 26.01±1.75 kg/m2, 42.23±7.30 and 7.35±1.90 respectively. Mean VAS, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, WOMAC function and WOMAC total of the HA therapy’s (before) patients was 6.62±2.25, 8.62±1.89, 1.91±1.08, 27.59±2.64 and 37.67±4.06 respectively. While, the mean VAS, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, WOMAC function and WOMAC total of the HA therapy’s (after) patients was 3.08±1.68, 2.97±1.21, 1.0±0.48, 13.36±2.39 and 17.40±3.64 respectively. According to paired sample t test, the difference was statistically significant at (p<0.05).Conclusion: Results of our study concluded that ozone oxygen and hyalorunic acid is equally effective for relieve of pain in knee osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference among groups which shows that no drug have superiority on each other. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Intraarticular, Ozone, Hyalorunic acid, Pain. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-1

Coefficient Bounds for Some Families of Starlike and Convex Functions of Reciprocal Order

The aim of the present paper is to investigate coefficient estimates, Fekete-Szegő inequality, and upper bound of third Hankel determinant for some families of starlike and convex functions of reciprocal order

A note on the relationship between COVID-19 and stock market return: Evidence from South Asia

Purpose: The transformation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from a regional health crisis in a Chinese city to a global pandemic has caused severe damage not only to the natural and economic lives of human beings but also to the financial markets. The rapidly pervading and daunting consequences of COVID-19 spread have plummeted the stock markets to their lowest levels in many decades especially in South Asia. This concern motivates us to investigate the stock markets’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This study aims to investigate the causal impact of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases on stock market returns using panel data of the countries stated above. Design/methodology/approach: This study collects and analyzes the daily data on COVID-19 spread and stock market return over the period May 28, 2020 to October 01, 2020. Using Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel Granger non-causality test, the empirical results demonstrate that the COVID-19 spread measured through its daily confirmed cases in a country significantly induces stock market return. This paper cross-validates the results using the pairwise Granger causality test. Findings: The empirical results suggest unidirectional causality from COVID-19 to stock market returns, indicating that the spread of COVID-19 has a dominant short-term influence on the stock movements. To the best of the knowledge, this study provides the first empirical insights into the impact of COVID-19 on the stock markets of selected South Asian countries taking the cross-sectional dependence into account. The results are also in line with the findings of other existing literature on COVID-19. Moreover, the results are robust across the two tests used in this study. Originality/value: The findings are equally insightful to the fund managers and investors in South Asian countries. Taking into account the possible impact of COVID-19 on stock markets’ returns, investors can design their optimal portfolios more effectively. This study has another important implication in the sense that the impact of COVID-19 on the stock markets of South Asian countries may have spillover effects on other developing or even developed countries

Ultrasound Promoted Synthesis and Properties of Chitosan Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Silver Nanoparticles

A rapid and facile method to prepare functional chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been developed using ultrasound assisted in-situ synthesis, dispersion and crosslinking. Addition of AgNPs and CNTs increased the mechanical strength and extensibility of polymeric chitosan nanocomposites. The films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). TEM showed that ultrasound produced more homogeneous dispersion of AgNPs and nanotubes as a result of breakage of CNTs bundles. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed that the real part of dielectric constant is found to increase with increase in temperature and frequency for both Chi/Ag and Chi/CNTs/Ag nanocomposite films. The conductivity of Chi/CNTs/Ag nanocomposite films was lower than when the CNTs were omitted

CT analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in normal BMI subjects: association with level of physical activity and hypertension

Background: The distribution of adipose tissue, complex factors affecting it and its pathological consequences are among the hot topics in medical research nowadays. Most of the studies reported in the literature however describe the association of factors affecting the fat distribution in overweight and obese individuals. This particular study was however planned to find out the same in subjects having normal basal metabolic index (BMI). The objectives of the study were to analyze total adipose tissue (TAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the abdomen volumetrically using CT, to establish the association of these to the levels of physical activity, presence or absence of hypertension and to compare these associations in both the genders.Methods: A prospective study was carried out on seventy five, normal BMI subjects aged between 20–50 years. CT imaging was used for volumetric measurement of TAT, SAT and VAT. Pearson’s correlation of these were then found out with age. Kruskal Wallis test was also performed to compare these in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects and in those with different physical activity levels (PAL).Results: Women showed significantly higher volumes of TAT and SAT. Men showed statistically significant correlations of TAT and VAT with age. SAT volumes had significant negative association with the PAL in both genders. Men showed higher responsiveness of fat deposition in all compartments to the presence of hypertension.Conclusion: In conclusion, factors such as gender, age, level of physical activity and hypertension affect the site specific deposition of fat even in those individuals who aren’t over-weight or obese.Keywords: Total Adipose Tissue (TAT); Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT); Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT

In-vitro Antagonistic Potential of Different Fungi Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Capsici

The current research was conducted in Lab. to assess an antagonistic effect of various fungi against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici. In the present research, each treatment (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. Koningii) with three concentrations viz.